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"As he followed the restoration
process of 'Man Marked for Death',
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00:00:28,529 --> 00:00:30,739
Eduardo Coutinho said the names
of Luiz Carlos Bresser-Pereira,
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00:00:30,740 --> 00:00:32,991
Carlos Augusto Calil and Celso
Amorim should be acknowledged
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00:00:32,992 --> 00:00:34,993
for their contribution to the
making of the film in 1984,
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00:00:34,994 --> 00:00:36,954
which could not be done
at the time."
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00:00:57,099 --> 00:00:59,977
MAN MARKED FOR DEATH, 20 YEARS LATER
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00:01:32,051 --> 00:01:35,678
It is an underdeveloped
country, underdeveloped
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Underdeveloped, underdeveloped
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00:01:45,189 --> 00:01:49,526
Underdeveloped, underdeveloped country
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00:01:49,527 --> 00:01:53,697
And, after the colonial period,
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00:01:53,989 --> 00:01:57,325
the country became...
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00:01:57,326 --> 00:02:00,245
April, 1962.
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00:02:00,246 --> 00:02:03,081
These images were shot
during UNE-Volante,
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00:02:03,082 --> 00:02:05,375
a congress held by
the National Union of Students,
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00:02:05,376 --> 00:02:07,670
who travelled the country promoting
16
00:02:07,920 --> 00:02:10,213
discussions about
higher education reform.
17
00:02:10,214 --> 00:02:13,591
The students travelled
with members from the CPC,
18
00:02:13,592 --> 00:02:16,219
the UNE's Popular Cultural Centre.
19
00:02:16,220 --> 00:02:18,721
Their intention was
to encourage the creation
20
00:02:18,722 --> 00:02:21,099
of similar local cultural centres
in other states.
21
00:02:21,100 --> 00:02:24,644
Images of poverty contrasted with
emblems of imperialism.
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00:02:24,645 --> 00:02:28,398
This was a typical cultural
tendency in those days,
23
00:02:28,399 --> 00:02:31,109
as "A Song of Underdevelopment",
24
00:02:31,110 --> 00:02:34,613
a classic song by the CPC,
shows very well.
25
00:02:35,698 --> 00:02:37,950
As a member of the CPC
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00:02:38,033 --> 00:02:40,118
and the one who was
in charge of filming,
27
00:02:40,119 --> 00:02:43,329
I also paid tribute to the
nationalism of the day.
28
00:02:43,330 --> 00:02:46,291
I went to Alagoas
to film at an oilfield
29
00:02:46,292 --> 00:02:49,252
that Petrobras
was starting to explore.
30
00:02:49,253 --> 00:02:52,088
After being in Pernambuco,
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00:02:52,089 --> 00:02:55,300
UNE-Volante arrived in Paraíba
on April 14th.
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00:02:55,301 --> 00:02:58,428
Two weeks before that
João Pedro Teixeira,
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00:02:58,429 --> 00:03:01,639
founder and leader
of the Sapé Peasant Workers' League,
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00:03:01,640 --> 00:03:05,143
had been murdered.
35
00:03:05,144 --> 00:03:08,146
The day after we arrived,
36
00:03:08,147 --> 00:03:11,441
a rally was held in Sapé
in protest at his murder,
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00:03:11,442 --> 00:03:14,652
about 30 miles from
the capital João Pessoa.
38
00:03:14,653 --> 00:03:17,655
Elizabeth Teixeira,
João Pedro's widow,
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00:03:17,656 --> 00:03:20,576
was there with six
of their eleven children.
40
00:03:24,955 --> 00:03:28,499
The peasants assembled
in front of the headquarters
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00:03:28,500 --> 00:03:32,128
of the Rural and
Farmworkers' Association,
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00:03:32,129 --> 00:03:35,131
known as the Peasant League.
43
00:03:35,132 --> 00:03:38,468
At that time, the Sapé League was the
largest in the Northeast,
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00:03:38,469 --> 00:03:40,970
with more than seven thousand members.
45
00:03:40,971 --> 00:03:44,057
The League had been
registered three years before
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00:03:44,058 --> 00:03:48,144
as a civil corporation in private law.
47
00:03:48,145 --> 00:03:51,606
Since forming a rural union
was actually impossible,
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00:03:51,607 --> 00:03:55,193
the farm workers founded leagues
49
00:03:55,194 --> 00:03:58,989
the only legal way
to channel their demands.
50
00:04:03,953 --> 00:04:07,205
Elizabeth Teixeira was 37 years old.
51
00:04:07,206 --> 00:04:10,167
João Pedro died when he was 44.
52
00:04:17,508 --> 00:04:21,135
Before the peasants went to the rally,
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00:04:21,136 --> 00:04:24,138
I made my first
contact with Elizabeth.
54
00:04:24,139 --> 00:04:27,684
I briefly interviewed her
at the League's headquarters.
55
00:04:27,685 --> 00:04:31,187
The issues of land occupation
taxes, compulsory unpaid work,
56
00:04:31,188 --> 00:04:34,357
uncompensated evictions,
57
00:04:34,358 --> 00:04:37,360
the use of violence
by major landowners.
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00:04:37,361 --> 00:04:39,696
In the struggle against all this,
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00:04:39,697 --> 00:04:43,117
João Pedro had united
the region's peasants.
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00:04:47,037 --> 00:04:50,039
It was this day, that I had the idea
of making a feature film
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00:04:50,040 --> 00:04:52,542
about the life of João Pedro Teixeira.
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00:04:52,543 --> 00:04:56,504
I would call it
"Man Marked for Death".
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00:04:56,505 --> 00:04:59,549
Produced by the UNE's CPC,
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00:04:59,550 --> 00:05:03,261
and Pernabuco's Movement
for Popular Culture, MCP,
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00:05:03,262 --> 00:05:06,389
the film was to be shot
at the same locations
66
00:05:06,390 --> 00:05:09,517
with the same people
who lived this story.
67
00:05:09,518 --> 00:05:12,980
Elizabeth and her children
would play themselves.
68
00:05:15,274 --> 00:05:21,071
"Peasants from Sapé
Hold Their First Protest Rally"
69
00:05:23,157 --> 00:05:27,035
Two years later,
we were ready to start filming.
70
00:05:27,036 --> 00:05:31,080
But on January 15th, 1964,
there was a violent incident near Sapé.
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00:05:31,081 --> 00:05:35,543
The police
and the guards from the sugar mill
72
00:05:35,544 --> 00:05:38,254
clashed with the peasants.
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00:05:38,255 --> 00:05:40,715
11 died in the conflict.
74
00:05:40,716 --> 00:05:44,177
The area was occupied by the
Paraiba Military Police,
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00:05:44,178 --> 00:05:47,597
making it impossible
for us to shoot there.
76
00:05:47,598 --> 00:05:51,309
The emergency forced me to move
the film's location.
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00:05:51,310 --> 00:05:55,104
I found the perfect spot at the
Galileia sugar mill in Pernambuco,
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00:05:55,105 --> 00:05:59,609
where the first Peasant League
had been formed in 1955.
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00:05:59,610 --> 00:06:02,195
When we got to Galileia,
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00:06:02,196 --> 00:06:04,572
in the municipality
of Vitória de Santo Antão,
81
00:06:04,573 --> 00:06:06,574
about 30 miles
from the capital Recife,
82
00:06:06,575 --> 00:06:09,535
we began to prepare for filming.
83
00:06:09,536 --> 00:06:12,038
With the League's permission
84
00:06:12,039 --> 00:06:14,207
and cooperation from the locals,
85
00:06:14,208 --> 00:06:17,460
we chose the locations and the actors.
86
00:06:17,461 --> 00:06:20,963
On February 26th, 1964,
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00:06:20,964 --> 00:06:24,634
when we shot the first scenes
of "Man Marked for Death",
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00:06:24,635 --> 00:06:27,970
we were helped by those peasants
who were not controlled by landowners
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00:06:27,971 --> 00:06:31,057
and who could dedicate their time
to working on the film.
90
00:06:31,058 --> 00:06:35,186
After struggling for four years,
they now owned their own land,
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00:06:35,187 --> 00:06:38,356
that ended in the
expropriation of Galileia.
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00:06:38,357 --> 00:06:41,317
João Mariano, who played
João Pedro Teixeira,
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00:06:41,318 --> 00:06:43,361
was not from Galileia.
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00:06:43,362 --> 00:06:46,656
After being fired from
the sugar mill where he used to work,
95
00:06:46,657 --> 00:06:49,992
he had moved
to Vitória de Santo Antão.
96
00:06:49,993 --> 00:06:53,162
As he was a Protestant
like João Pedro,
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00:06:53,163 --> 00:06:56,290
João Mariano was hired
along with five of his children.
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00:06:56,291 --> 00:06:59,335
We were supposed
to use these images of
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00:06:59,336 --> 00:07:02,964
the Teixeira family going back
from the town to the country
100
00:07:02,965 --> 00:07:06,175
with the opening credits.
101
00:07:06,176 --> 00:07:10,513
From the original intention of shooting
with people portraying themselves,
102
00:07:10,514 --> 00:07:13,516
Elizabeth Teixeira, was in fact
103
00:07:13,517 --> 00:07:16,018
the only person to play herself.
104
00:07:16,019 --> 00:07:19,064
She travelled with us
from Paraíba to Pernambuco.
105
00:07:31,660 --> 00:07:35,663
On April 1st, 35 days
after the start of the shooting,
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00:07:35,664 --> 00:07:39,626
filming was stopped
by the military coup of 1964.
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00:07:39,918 --> 00:07:44,213
Only 40% of the script had been shot.
108
00:07:44,214 --> 00:07:47,216
Galileia was raided by the Army
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00:07:47,217 --> 00:07:50,553
and the principal local
peasant leaders were arrested.
110
00:07:50,554 --> 00:07:53,556
Some members of the crew
were also arrested,
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00:07:53,557 --> 00:07:56,559
but most of us managed
to escape to Recife
112
00:07:56,560 --> 00:07:59,562
and then on to Rio de Janeiro.
113
00:07:59,563 --> 00:08:03,149
Film equipment,
negatives, unedited film,
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00:08:03,150 --> 00:08:06,611
magnetic tape, copies of
scripts and documentation
115
00:08:06,612 --> 00:08:09,447
were all confiscated.
116
00:08:09,448 --> 00:08:12,950
But most of the film negative
that we had already shot was safe,
117
00:08:12,951 --> 00:08:16,162
because it had already
been sent to the lab in Rio de Janeiro
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00:08:16,163 --> 00:08:18,372
to be developed.
119
00:08:18,373 --> 00:08:21,375
We also saved eight stills,
120
00:08:21,376 --> 00:08:24,296
kept by a member of the crew.
121
00:08:30,636 --> 00:08:35,306
Finally, after two years,
I got a copy of the script back.
122
00:08:35,307 --> 00:08:37,099
It had been rescued in August, 1964,
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00:08:37,100 --> 00:08:40,102
by a lawyer working for
the Paraíba peasant leagues
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00:08:40,103 --> 00:08:43,398
from the place she had been
held prisoner.
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00:08:55,202 --> 00:08:57,328
February, 1981.
126
00:08:57,329 --> 00:09:00,331
17 years later,
I went back to Galileia
127
00:09:00,332 --> 00:09:03,334
to finish the film in
whatever way I could.
128
00:09:03,335 --> 00:09:07,463
There was no planned script.
I just wanted to find
129
00:09:07,464 --> 00:09:11,092
the peasants who had worked
on "Man Marked for Death".
130
00:09:11,093 --> 00:09:15,513
I wanted to hear
their stories from the past,
131
00:09:15,514 --> 00:09:19,183
including the ones concerning
the disrupted filming,
132
00:09:19,184 --> 00:09:21,603
the real story
behind João Pedro's life,
133
00:09:21,895 --> 00:09:24,313
the struggle in Sapé,
the struggle in Galileia.
134
00:09:24,314 --> 00:09:27,316
I also wanted to know what had
happened to the people in the film
135
00:09:27,317 --> 00:09:29,444
during the intervening years.
136
00:09:33,115 --> 00:09:36,409
Only two of the peasants who
started the struggle for Galileia.
137
00:09:36,410 --> 00:09:38,494
are still alive.
138
00:09:38,495 --> 00:09:42,624
José Hortêncio da Cruz
and João Virgínio Silva,
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00:09:42,916 --> 00:09:45,293
who doesn't know how to read or write
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00:09:45,294 --> 00:09:48,254
and is the living memory of the group.
141
00:09:48,255 --> 00:09:51,550
Our first meeting...
142
00:09:51,592 --> 00:09:53,509
there was him...
143
00:09:53,510 --> 00:09:57,221
his brother-in-law...
144
00:09:57,222 --> 00:10:02,018
his nephew and me.
145
00:10:02,019 --> 00:10:06,397
We were here, talking...
146
00:10:06,398 --> 00:10:09,275
Right here, in this very place.
147
00:10:09,276 --> 00:10:13,237
I told them my story, the ideas I had
148
00:10:13,238 --> 00:10:15,197
of founding a society
149
00:10:15,198 --> 00:10:19,035
to work for the people and
those already deceased.
150
00:10:19,036 --> 00:10:22,581
The dead used to be buried in a coffin
151
00:10:22,706 --> 00:10:25,374
that the mayor kept in his office.
152
00:10:25,375 --> 00:10:27,668
He would lend it to us,
153
00:10:27,669 --> 00:10:29,670
we'd bury the dead in the ground
154
00:10:29,671 --> 00:10:32,131
and take the coffin back
to the mayor's office.
155
00:10:32,132 --> 00:10:35,676
The coffin was called "Lolo".
156
00:10:35,677 --> 00:10:40,348
We borrowed it from the mayor
so that we could bury the dead.
157
00:10:40,349 --> 00:10:43,351
Galileia was a disused
sugar plantation
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00:10:43,352 --> 00:10:46,187
which had been split into small lots.
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00:10:46,188 --> 00:10:48,690
150 tenant families lived there,
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00:10:48,982 --> 00:10:52,151
growing subsistence crops.
161
00:10:52,152 --> 00:10:55,529
The owner of the plantation
lived in Recife.
162
00:10:55,530 --> 00:10:59,241
The families had a lease
and paid annual rent.
163
00:10:59,242 --> 00:11:02,328
The raise in rents
was one of the reasons
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00:11:02,329 --> 00:11:04,413
for the creation of the League.
165
00:11:04,414 --> 00:11:08,585
We got together,
we started to hold meetings.
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00:11:08,669 --> 00:11:11,796
We held them on the side of
the road, by the weir,
167
00:11:11,797 --> 00:11:15,216
at my house. Everywhere!
168
00:11:15,217 --> 00:11:19,220
Then we got to the room of
this lad's father's house.
169
00:11:19,221 --> 00:11:22,556
Old Zezé's living room.
170
00:11:22,557 --> 00:11:26,268
When old Zezé allowed me
to hold our first meeting
171
00:11:26,269 --> 00:11:30,147
in his living room,
we stated our goals
172
00:11:30,148 --> 00:11:34,652
and came up with a name:
The Charitable Society for the Dead and
173
00:11:34,653 --> 00:11:39,657
the Pernambuco Planter's
Agricultural Society.
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00:11:39,658 --> 00:11:43,035
Because back then, we couldn't call
anything a union otherwise
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00:11:43,036 --> 00:11:46,288
we'd be in trouble.
We'd be killed.
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00:11:46,289 --> 00:11:49,291
José Francisco de Souza
(Zezé da Galileia)
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00:11:49,292 --> 00:11:52,420
was a highly respected man who had
administered the sugar mill
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00:11:52,421 --> 00:11:54,672
for over 30 years,
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00:11:54,673 --> 00:11:57,383
and was elected president
of the League.
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00:11:57,384 --> 00:12:00,970
The owner of Galileia
decided to evict all the tenants
181
00:12:00,971 --> 00:12:04,473
when he realised the League
was not only for the dead,
182
00:12:04,474 --> 00:12:08,310
but also aimed to improve
conditions for the tenants.
183
00:12:08,311 --> 00:12:11,397
So, the tenants looked for a lawyer,
184
00:12:11,398 --> 00:12:14,358
to defend their rights.
185
00:12:14,359 --> 00:12:17,987
That was how I sought justice.
186
00:12:17,988 --> 00:12:21,991
I didn't find it in Vitória,
so I went to the State Courts.
187
00:12:21,992 --> 00:12:25,244
The Chairman of the Courts...
gave me his deputy, Julião.
188
00:12:25,245 --> 00:12:29,498
Julião came, took over
the fight, and made it work.
189
00:12:29,499 --> 00:12:33,002
When things began to improve, people
got excited and started pouring in.
190
00:12:33,003 --> 00:12:37,298
All of those who'd
been evicted from the sugar mill,
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00:12:37,299 --> 00:12:40,301
came for help.
There's a society in Galileia
192
00:12:40,302 --> 00:12:43,304
that protects the rights
of the country workers.
193
00:12:43,305 --> 00:12:47,558
The lawyer was really tough.
So, you see?
194
00:12:47,559 --> 00:12:50,311
So, the men came...
195
00:12:50,312 --> 00:12:53,314
And when they got here,
we offered them shelter.
196
00:12:53,315 --> 00:12:55,691
After four years,
197
00:12:55,692 --> 00:12:59,445
when the owner gave up,
198
00:12:59,446 --> 00:13:04,116
he made out he was going
to sell the property.
199
00:13:04,117 --> 00:13:08,954
So we went to the deputy, and he said,
200
00:13:08,955 --> 00:13:13,668
"I'll file it for discussion
before the Chamber
201
00:13:13,919 --> 00:13:16,670
and see what we can do about it."
202
00:13:16,671 --> 00:13:21,258
There was a set-to!
They put up a real fight!
203
00:13:21,259 --> 00:13:23,511
One of them would shout, "Fellows...
204
00:13:23,512 --> 00:13:26,055
"we can't expropriate Galileia
205
00:13:26,056 --> 00:13:28,557
"because this is not about
expropriating one Galileia,
206
00:13:28,558 --> 00:13:31,393
"but expropriating many Galileias,
207
00:13:31,394 --> 00:13:33,312
"because the idea will spread
like wildfire
208
00:13:33,313 --> 00:13:37,691
"across Brazil, from
the north to the south.
209
00:13:37,692 --> 00:13:41,570
"Because these people will get
hooked on the idea, they will,
210
00:13:41,571 --> 00:13:45,157
"they'd organise and force
211
00:13:45,158 --> 00:13:48,160
the Judicial Power
to purchase other properties."
212
00:13:48,161 --> 00:13:51,413
But fortunately, we won.
213
00:13:51,414 --> 00:13:53,249
Fortunately.
214
00:13:53,250 --> 00:13:56,127
Fortunately, the deputies
voted in our favour.
215
00:14:03,552 --> 00:14:07,012
The expropriation of Galileia
for reasons of social interest
216
00:14:07,013 --> 00:14:10,015
was carried out in December, 1959,
217
00:14:10,016 --> 00:14:13,143
after a fair financial compensation,
218
00:14:13,144 --> 00:14:16,189
as the Constitution demands.
219
00:14:17,274 --> 00:14:19,692
Galileia then became
220
00:14:19,693 --> 00:14:22,695
a symbol of the peasant movement.
221
00:14:22,696 --> 00:14:27,117
But the families still don't
have the deeds to this day.
222
00:14:40,630 --> 00:14:44,425
Right after we arrived in Galileia,
223
00:14:44,426 --> 00:14:48,012
we managed to show the community
224
00:14:48,013 --> 00:14:51,432
what we had shot in 1962 and 1964.
225
00:14:51,433 --> 00:14:55,645
The actors were our special guests.
226
00:14:58,690 --> 00:15:03,485
José Daniel do Nascimento,
67 years old, moved to Galileia
227
00:15:03,486 --> 00:15:06,030
after being evicted
from a neighbouring mill.
228
00:15:06,031 --> 00:15:08,365
One of his children was sucking
on a piece of sugarcane
229
00:15:08,366 --> 00:15:10,660
without the master's approval.
230
00:15:12,662 --> 00:15:16,248
Brás Francisco da Silva, 52 years old,
231
00:15:16,249 --> 00:15:18,959
was one of the leaders
in the struggle for Galileia.
232
00:15:18,960 --> 00:15:21,003
He doesn't live here anymore.
233
00:15:21,004 --> 00:15:24,299
He had to flee in 1964
and is now rarely seen.
234
00:15:27,177 --> 00:15:31,555
This man talking to João
Virgínio is Bia, 56 years old,
235
00:15:31,556 --> 00:15:34,683
who left Galileia in 1975
236
00:15:34,684 --> 00:15:37,019
and never came back.
237
00:15:37,020 --> 00:15:40,106
He's a night watchman at a quarry.
238
00:15:42,692 --> 00:15:46,362
João Mariano Santana da Silva,
239
00:15:46,363 --> 00:15:49,531
59 years old, who played
the part of João Pedro,
240
00:15:49,532 --> 00:15:52,993
had not been to Galileia since 1964.
241
00:15:52,994 --> 00:15:56,080
He only meets these people rarely
at the street market
242
00:15:56,081 --> 00:15:58,917
in Vitória de Santo Antão,
where he lives.
243
00:16:00,293 --> 00:16:03,296
João Mariano has brought
his grandchildren along.
244
00:16:06,633 --> 00:16:10,302
We showed it exactly
as it had been filmed --
245
00:16:10,303 --> 00:16:13,180
out of order, with incomplete scenes,
246
00:16:13,181 --> 00:16:15,933
repeated scenes, clapperboards, etc.
247
00:16:15,934 --> 00:16:19,604
Don't talk about him,
cos he's back there!
248
00:16:22,607 --> 00:16:25,234
Saturday evening was
249
00:16:25,235 --> 00:16:28,529
the only time we could
get them all together.
250
00:16:28,530 --> 00:16:31,449
Some had come a long way
to see the show.
251
00:16:39,249 --> 00:16:42,668
That's Mariano, isn't it?
252
00:16:42,669 --> 00:16:45,129
Yeah, that's Mariano.
253
00:16:45,130 --> 00:16:48,382
Yeah! I recognise him!
254
00:16:48,383 --> 00:16:51,510
That's Mariano. Look at him!
255
00:16:51,511 --> 00:16:54,263
What intrigued them the most,
256
00:16:54,264 --> 00:16:57,266
was identifying the people
in the film,
257
00:16:57,267 --> 00:17:00,602
17 years younger.
258
00:17:00,603 --> 00:17:04,065
- Are they gonna fight?
- Christ!
259
00:17:04,107 --> 00:17:06,525
They're fighting!
260
00:17:06,526 --> 00:17:09,904
He's the boss...
261
00:17:25,295 --> 00:17:28,465
Zé Daniel still lives in Galileia.
262
00:17:28,548 --> 00:17:32,968
He was our actor, and his
house was our main set:
263
00:17:32,969 --> 00:17:34,929
João Pedro's house.
264
00:17:34,971 --> 00:17:38,390
Did you enjoy watching
the film on Saturday?
265
00:17:38,391 --> 00:17:40,392
On Saturday? It was really good.
266
00:17:40,393 --> 00:17:42,394
What did you think about it?
267
00:17:42,395 --> 00:17:45,315
I thought it was very good.
Very interesting.
268
00:17:45,398 --> 00:17:47,901
Because... what we all
did for this work --
269
00:17:47,984 --> 00:17:50,278
When did you become a Protestant?
270
00:17:50,361 --> 00:17:53,323
After the revolution.
Wasn't it on April 1st?
271
00:17:53,406 --> 00:17:54,449
Yes...
272
00:17:54,532 --> 00:17:56,951
On May 25th, that same year...
273
00:17:56,993 --> 00:17:59,286
I gave myself to Jesus,
and I am still His...
274
00:17:59,287 --> 00:18:01,330
What church do you attend?
The Baptist Church?
275
00:18:01,331 --> 00:18:04,042
Assembly of God.
276
00:18:04,167 --> 00:18:06,668
Look at Braz!
277
00:18:06,669 --> 00:18:09,339
That's Braz over there!
278
00:18:16,054 --> 00:18:19,265
You remember when we made the film?
279
00:18:19,349 --> 00:18:22,560
Oh, I do, because we had such
a good time making it.
280
00:18:22,644 --> 00:18:24,603
And what did you think about it?
281
00:18:24,604 --> 00:18:28,357
It was good.
But I missed the sound.
282
00:18:28,358 --> 00:18:30,902
Braz Francisco da Silva
283
00:18:30,985 --> 00:18:34,030
is the only one of
the actors who prospered.
284
00:18:34,072 --> 00:18:36,365
On his 4-hectare plot of land,
285
00:18:36,366 --> 00:18:39,494
he grows vegetables
that he sells in Recife.
286
00:18:39,536 --> 00:18:42,412
Six of his children live in São Paulo,
287
00:18:42,413 --> 00:18:45,165
and three neighbours
help him with the work.
288
00:18:45,166 --> 00:18:47,543
Working hard in the fields
since he was 8 years old,
289
00:18:47,544 --> 00:18:50,463
Braz admits he's tired
and wants to sell his land.
290
00:18:50,547 --> 00:18:52,465
Do you really want to sell it?
291
00:18:52,549 --> 00:18:54,008
I do.
292
00:18:54,050 --> 00:18:57,052
If anyone wants to buy it.
Do you want to buy it?
293
00:18:57,053 --> 00:19:00,598
Who? Me?
How much do you want for it?
294
00:19:00,890 --> 00:19:04,310
I'll take 3 million for it.
295
00:19:04,394 --> 00:19:07,479
3 million cruzeiros or up.
296
00:19:07,480 --> 00:19:11,401
Braz, known as João to his neighbours,
297
00:19:11,484 --> 00:19:14,486
fled Galileia in 1964,
and changed his name
298
00:19:14,487 --> 00:19:16,613
to avoid persecution.
299
00:19:16,614 --> 00:19:21,035
Disillusioned with political activities,
Braz no longer likes Galileia
300
00:19:21,077 --> 00:19:24,122
and he doesn't want to remember
the struggles of the past.
301
00:19:24,164 --> 00:19:27,125
Yeah, that's Cícero!
302
00:19:30,211 --> 00:19:33,631
Look, that's Cícero!
303
00:19:36,509 --> 00:19:40,430
He's all the way down south
and we're seeing him here.
304
00:19:40,513 --> 00:19:42,557
Yeah, show us more!
305
00:19:42,640 --> 00:19:45,642
Limeira, rural São Paulo.
306
00:19:45,643 --> 00:19:48,438
Cícero Anastácio da Silva.
307
00:19:48,521 --> 00:19:50,565
When did you start working here?
308
00:19:50,648 --> 00:19:53,484
On May 5th, last year.
309
00:19:53,568 --> 00:19:55,486
What do you do here?
310
00:19:55,570 --> 00:19:57,571
Iron rolling.
311
00:19:57,572 --> 00:19:59,573
Why did you come down south?
312
00:19:59,574 --> 00:20:02,035
I was working back there, I had a job.
313
00:20:02,118 --> 00:20:05,246
But then I lost my job and
was unemployed for six months.
314
00:20:05,288 --> 00:20:08,290
I moved south last year, in March.
315
00:20:08,291 --> 00:20:11,710
Are you happy working here?
Have you got used to it? How is it?
316
00:20:11,711 --> 00:20:14,631
I'm all right, I'm happy.
317
00:20:14,714 --> 00:20:18,176
No one is mad at me.
My fellow workers, the bosses...
318
00:20:18,301 --> 00:20:21,012
They all like my work,
319
00:20:21,095 --> 00:20:23,181
they don't say anything against me.
320
00:20:23,264 --> 00:20:25,183
But don't you want to go back?
321
00:20:25,266 --> 00:20:28,977
I want to go back.
I'd like to very much.
322
00:20:28,978 --> 00:20:32,689
It is very cold here.
My wife doesn't like the cold.
323
00:20:32,690 --> 00:20:36,611
If I could send her
back home, I would.
324
00:20:36,694 --> 00:20:40,490
Back north, I had places to go,
people to talk to.
325
00:20:40,573 --> 00:20:44,159
I had the League,
where we took charge of things.
326
00:20:44,160 --> 00:20:47,622
We used to talk about
how to make things happen.
327
00:20:47,705 --> 00:20:50,124
But I've got no one here.
328
00:20:50,166 --> 00:20:53,294
The only thing I have
is a television set.
329
00:20:53,336 --> 00:20:56,464
So I can watch the news,
because I like to watch it
330
00:20:56,506 --> 00:20:58,716
and know what's going on.
331
00:20:59,008 --> 00:21:01,678
That's all I like to watch.
332
00:21:04,514 --> 00:21:08,935
As the only actor
from Galileia who could read and write,
333
00:21:09,018 --> 00:21:12,521
Cícero was also a production
assistant for the film.
334
00:21:12,522 --> 00:21:15,942
What are your memories of the film?
335
00:21:16,025 --> 00:21:18,486
What I remember is...
336
00:21:18,528 --> 00:21:22,531
the scene I did roofing that house.
337
00:21:22,532 --> 00:21:25,076
The other asked me,
338
00:21:25,159 --> 00:21:27,328
and I said,
"Dried meat's so expensive.
339
00:21:27,412 --> 00:21:29,538
How are we supposed to live?"
340
00:21:29,539 --> 00:21:32,040
I picked up a tile...
341
00:21:32,041 --> 00:21:35,962
and I handed it over
to the fellow on the roof.
342
00:21:36,045 --> 00:21:38,422
Roofing the house.
343
00:21:38,423 --> 00:21:41,174
And he said to me...
344
00:21:41,175 --> 00:21:43,719
And I answered,
"Dried meat's so expensive.
345
00:21:43,720 --> 00:21:46,014
How are we supposed to live?"
346
00:21:57,066 --> 00:22:00,277
Did you ever hope we would
go back and finish the film?
347
00:22:00,278 --> 00:22:03,197
I was always hopeful
348
00:22:03,239 --> 00:22:06,200
you would go back and finish the film.
349
00:22:06,242 --> 00:22:09,453
I used to think about it.
My late mother would say,
350
00:22:09,454 --> 00:22:12,373
"They're not coming
back, my son."
351
00:22:12,457 --> 00:22:14,375
I'd say, "They are, Mum.
352
00:22:14,459 --> 00:22:18,171
You won't see it if you die,
but you will if you live."
353
00:22:23,426 --> 00:22:25,595
- Elizabeth Teixeira, right?
- So it is! Look at her!
354
00:22:31,976 --> 00:22:35,688
Although they hadn't seen
Elizabeth Teixeira since 1964,
355
00:22:35,938 --> 00:22:38,983
the actors recognised her immediately.
356
00:22:39,067 --> 00:22:42,319
Elizabeth had disappeared
17 years before.
357
00:22:42,320 --> 00:22:46,532
Not even her family
and peers at the Sapé League
358
00:22:46,616 --> 00:22:49,243
knew where she had gone.
359
00:22:49,327 --> 00:22:53,080
Abraão, her eldest son,
was the only one who knew.
360
00:22:53,081 --> 00:22:57,251
I went looking for Abraão
in Patos, in rural Paraíba,
361
00:22:57,335 --> 00:22:59,295
where he's a journalist.
362
00:22:59,337 --> 00:23:02,214
After making many demands,
363
00:23:02,215 --> 00:23:06,928
he agreed to take the film crew
to his mother's house.
364
00:23:07,011 --> 00:23:09,263
We went to the border with Paraíba
365
00:23:09,347 --> 00:23:12,934
and entered Rio Grande do Norte,
366
00:23:12,975 --> 00:23:17,145
without knowing exactly
where we were being taken.
367
00:23:17,146 --> 00:23:19,315
After a four-hour trip
368
00:23:19,357 --> 00:23:21,651
and taking back roads
in bad conditions,
369
00:23:21,943 --> 00:23:24,153
we glimpsed a small town
in the middle of nowhere,
370
00:23:24,237 --> 00:23:28,991
down by the Piranhas River.
São Rafael was a good hideout.
371
00:23:29,075 --> 00:23:34,204
About 180 miles from Sapé
and 310 miles from Galileia,
372
00:23:34,205 --> 00:23:36,666
the town has a population
of under three thousand
373
00:23:36,958 --> 00:23:39,668
and there's no TV reception there.
374
00:23:39,669 --> 00:23:43,171
Elizabeth lived in São Rafael
with her son, Carlos,
375
00:23:43,172 --> 00:23:45,633
the only child she took with her.
376
00:23:45,716 --> 00:23:50,388
She had changed her name
to Marta Maria da Costa.
377
00:23:59,188 --> 00:24:01,940
Elizabeth wasn't expecting me.
378
00:24:01,941 --> 00:24:03,401
I started our conversation
379
00:24:03,484 --> 00:24:07,405
by showing her the remaining
eight stills from the film.
380
00:24:19,000 --> 00:24:20,084
Yes.
381
00:24:25,673 --> 00:24:27,592
How did you get these?
382
00:24:27,675 --> 00:24:30,428
This was what we managed to save.
383
00:24:30,553 --> 00:24:35,099
The photographer had hidden them.
384
00:24:35,183 --> 00:24:37,351
I'm surprised.
385
00:24:39,353 --> 00:24:43,607
I thought they had
destroyed everything.
386
00:24:43,608 --> 00:24:47,403
They took the original,
but not the copy.
387
00:24:47,445 --> 00:24:51,239
I mean: the original was in Rio.
They got the copy in --
388
00:24:51,240 --> 00:24:56,662
Mum, do you recognise President
Figueiredo's re-democratisation?
389
00:24:56,954 --> 00:24:59,748
Yes. President Figueiredo--
390
00:24:59,749 --> 00:25:02,459
We're here thanks to him.
391
00:25:02,460 --> 00:25:06,422
Thanks to him,
I'm here today with you.
392
00:25:06,464 --> 00:25:10,383
The only Government
393
00:25:10,384 --> 00:25:13,637
that deserves our gratitude,
394
00:25:13,638 --> 00:25:16,557
for having given the right
395
00:25:16,641 --> 00:25:19,894
for all political prisoners
396
00:25:19,936 --> 00:25:22,939
who had fled Brazil,
397
00:25:23,022 --> 00:25:26,651
to come back to their families.
398
00:25:26,943 --> 00:25:30,195
And now I am...
399
00:25:30,196 --> 00:25:33,198
here with my son
400
00:25:33,199 --> 00:25:36,118
seeing you again, Coutinho.
401
00:25:36,202 --> 00:25:40,623
I never expected to see you
today in my house.
402
00:25:40,706 --> 00:25:44,584
Who should we thank for this?
403
00:25:44,585 --> 00:25:46,586
Right...?
404
00:25:46,587 --> 00:25:49,090
My hope,
405
00:25:49,173 --> 00:25:51,634
I had no hope left...
406
00:25:51,717 --> 00:25:56,304
of even seeing my children again.
407
00:25:56,305 --> 00:26:00,268
I was afraid.
I suffered a lot!
408
00:26:00,309 --> 00:26:04,312
I suffered.
You are my witnesses.
409
00:26:04,313 --> 00:26:08,859
I suffered a lot.
The persecution was too great.
410
00:26:08,943 --> 00:26:13,531
They tried very hard...
to get rid of me.
411
00:26:18,995 --> 00:26:21,497
Have you been living here
for very long?
412
00:26:21,539 --> 00:26:23,540
Yes, 16 years.
413
00:26:23,541 --> 00:26:25,542
You came here 16 years ago?
414
00:26:25,543 --> 00:26:27,503
16 years.
415
00:26:27,545 --> 00:26:32,299
After all that happened,
I fled and I managed to get here.
416
00:26:32,300 --> 00:26:37,013
Things got really nasty.
They looked for me everywhere.
417
00:26:37,096 --> 00:26:40,474
I couldn't stay in Recife.
418
00:26:40,558 --> 00:26:42,476
After I got here,
419
00:26:42,518 --> 00:26:46,396
things got better in terms
of the persecution.
420
00:26:46,397 --> 00:26:49,317
I hid.
No one knew who I was.
421
00:26:49,358 --> 00:26:51,526
No one knew who I was.
422
00:26:51,527 --> 00:26:54,571
Now, everyone in this room knows!
423
00:26:54,572 --> 00:26:56,991
You all know.
424
00:26:57,033 --> 00:27:01,036
When I came here,
I didn't say I had children.
425
00:27:01,037 --> 00:27:04,498
After I made some friends,
I would tell them,
426
00:27:04,540 --> 00:27:09,003
"I have children, I'm a widow,
my husband was murdered."
427
00:27:09,045 --> 00:27:11,588
But before that I kept quiet.
428
00:27:11,589 --> 00:27:15,343
But before I wouldn't say anything.
I was silent, haunted.
429
00:27:17,553 --> 00:27:21,223
But thank God I'm here today,
telling you this story.
430
00:27:21,307 --> 00:27:25,436
And João Alfredo
and Pedro the farmer... these...
431
00:27:26,937 --> 00:27:29,106
They...
432
00:27:32,193 --> 00:27:34,444
Tell us...
433
00:27:34,445 --> 00:27:37,447
Mum, I'm not trying to influence your
views on politics.
434
00:27:37,448 --> 00:27:40,492
But all regimes are the same,
435
00:27:40,493 --> 00:27:45,205
if a person
has no political protection.
436
00:27:45,206 --> 00:27:49,543
They're all...
they're all harsh,
437
00:27:49,585 --> 00:27:52,338
violent, arbitrary.
438
00:27:52,421 --> 00:27:57,051
Regardless of class
and economic background.
439
00:27:57,093 --> 00:28:01,013
All political factions have
forsaken Elizabeth Teixeira,
440
00:28:01,097 --> 00:28:04,140
simply because she had no power.
441
00:28:04,141 --> 00:28:07,477
This is the disgust of her eldest son.
442
00:28:07,478 --> 00:28:12,024
Now, if you don't register my protest,
443
00:28:12,108 --> 00:28:14,609
my vehemence,
444
00:28:14,610 --> 00:28:17,112
the missing truth,
445
00:28:17,113 --> 00:28:19,907
the intellectual
and expressive capacity...
446
00:28:19,949 --> 00:28:22,159
of my mother's heart.
447
00:28:22,243 --> 00:28:26,246
I'll record everything
the family wants to say.
448
00:28:26,247 --> 00:28:28,582
But I want the film to show...
449
00:28:28,624 --> 00:28:32,127
our rejection
of any form of government!
450
00:28:32,128 --> 00:28:34,630
It will, I guarantee it.
451
00:28:34,922 --> 00:28:36,632
No political system helps the poor.
452
00:28:36,924 --> 00:28:38,091
None.
453
00:28:38,092 --> 00:28:42,221
That's Abraão to the left.
454
00:28:45,433 --> 00:28:47,976
I was thin, in black.
455
00:28:47,977 --> 00:28:50,478
That same night,
456
00:28:50,479 --> 00:28:54,399
we showed Elizabeth,
her two sons and her neighbours,
457
00:28:54,400 --> 00:28:57,194
the old footage.
458
00:28:57,278 --> 00:29:00,114
There's Elizabeth planting peanuts!
459
00:29:06,162 --> 00:29:10,374
Abraão watched it
without saying a word.
460
00:29:13,252 --> 00:29:17,965
This one played my husband.
461
00:29:21,969 --> 00:29:23,846
The boys are happy...!
462
00:29:25,931 --> 00:29:28,057
Ah, my God...!
463
00:29:28,058 --> 00:29:30,310
Is that her family?
464
00:29:30,311 --> 00:29:34,482
No, they were playing the parts!
465
00:29:36,650 --> 00:29:39,028
This is us, on our way
466
00:29:39,111 --> 00:29:41,614
to our second day
of shooting with Elizabeth Teixeira.
467
00:29:41,697 --> 00:29:44,157
Out of a total of three days.
468
00:29:44,158 --> 00:29:47,952
On the first day, Abraão made his
presence felt, affecting the interview,
469
00:29:47,953 --> 00:29:49,955
especially at the beginning.
470
00:29:50,039 --> 00:29:52,500
He didn't show up
for the following days.
471
00:29:52,541 --> 00:29:55,543
Elizabeth told us about
her life with João Pedro
472
00:29:55,544 --> 00:29:57,545
in two stages:
473
00:29:57,546 --> 00:30:00,508
with and without Abraão.
474
00:30:00,549 --> 00:30:02,968
In her living room
and in her backyard.
475
00:30:05,054 --> 00:30:08,473
Is Elizabeth in?
Come here, Elizabeth.
476
00:30:08,474 --> 00:30:10,266
How's the class going?
477
00:30:10,267 --> 00:30:12,602
They're inside,
this group of children.
478
00:30:12,603 --> 00:30:14,688
Hi! How are you, Coutinho?
479
00:30:14,939 --> 00:30:16,690
How's class going?
480
00:30:16,941 --> 00:30:19,443
It's good, but the children
aren't all here.
481
00:30:19,527 --> 00:30:22,237
Today's the first day. They're going
to meet the teachers today,
482
00:30:22,238 --> 00:30:25,157
so they're not all here.
Do you want to come in?
483
00:30:25,241 --> 00:30:26,408
Come on in.
484
00:30:26,492 --> 00:30:29,245
All right, we're going
to check if the light's good enough.
485
00:30:29,328 --> 00:30:31,371
All right!
How do you like the town?
486
00:30:31,372 --> 00:30:32,289
It's nice.
487
00:30:32,373 --> 00:30:35,417
Coutinho, last night
I lay in bed thinking.
488
00:30:35,501 --> 00:30:38,503
I said, "I didn't speak
very well in the interview."
489
00:30:38,504 --> 00:30:41,715
Yesterday, I was
very emotional as well.
490
00:30:41,966 --> 00:30:45,719
You end up feeling...
and you get all...
491
00:30:45,970 --> 00:30:50,098
Because I should've told you
everything from the beginning.
492
00:30:50,099 --> 00:30:52,059
How we met,
493
00:30:52,101 --> 00:30:54,603
got married and moved to Jaboatão.
494
00:30:54,645 --> 00:30:58,106
If we had filmed it today,
I would have been more accurate.
495
00:30:58,107 --> 00:31:00,901
We can do it again today.
You have a backyard, right?
496
00:31:00,985 --> 00:31:05,322
Yes.
Come take a look.
497
00:31:05,406 --> 00:31:07,657
OK.
498
00:31:07,658 --> 00:31:10,911
Elizabeth, who stopped
studying as a second grader,
499
00:31:10,995 --> 00:31:13,914
was giving reading
and writing classes,
500
00:31:13,998 --> 00:31:16,416
to a group of local children.
501
00:31:16,417 --> 00:31:19,127
Do you remember
the year you got married?
502
00:31:19,128 --> 00:31:21,088
The year...?
503
00:31:21,130 --> 00:31:24,341
Forty... two!
504
00:31:24,425 --> 00:31:29,012
And how did you meet
João Pedro de Teixeira?
505
00:31:29,013 --> 00:31:32,224
I met him in my father's store.
506
00:31:32,308 --> 00:31:34,351
He was buying there.
507
00:31:36,687 --> 00:31:40,523
Then, we started courting,
508
00:31:40,524 --> 00:31:45,195
and eventually we got married.
509
00:31:45,279 --> 00:31:48,156
Did your father oppose the marriage?
510
00:31:48,157 --> 00:31:49,158
He did!
511
00:31:49,241 --> 00:31:52,494
Is it true you had to elope
because he didn't approve?
512
00:31:52,578 --> 00:31:54,329
How did it happen?
513
00:31:54,330 --> 00:31:58,626
We eloped and got married.
My father never agreed to the marriage.
514
00:32:00,419 --> 00:32:02,504
I eloped.
515
00:32:02,588 --> 00:32:04,649
And so you got married and moved
to the Massangana sugar mill?
516
00:32:04,673 --> 00:32:06,382
Massangana!
517
00:32:06,383 --> 00:32:08,218
- João Pedro went to work there?
- He did.
518
00:32:08,302 --> 00:32:11,179
- What did he do?
- He worked at the quarry.
519
00:32:11,180 --> 00:32:13,557
- At the plantation?
- On the plantation land.
520
00:32:13,641 --> 00:32:18,395
- When did you go to Cavaleiro?
- To Cavaleiro? 1945!
521
00:32:18,479 --> 00:32:21,689
Things were going bad,
so we moved to Cavaleiro.
522
00:32:21,690 --> 00:32:24,652
He worked at a quarry...
over there,
523
00:32:24,693 --> 00:32:27,363
in the outskirts of Recife.
524
00:32:27,446 --> 00:32:32,033
Then João Pedro and Manoel
Serafim became friends.
525
00:32:32,034 --> 00:32:35,371
They were neighbours and they
went to the same Baptist church,
526
00:32:35,454 --> 00:32:38,039
and worked at the same quarry.
527
00:32:38,040 --> 00:32:40,708
Manoel Serafim still works there
528
00:32:40,709 --> 00:32:45,381
and still lives in Cavaleiro,
a district of Jaboatão, Recife.
529
00:32:45,464 --> 00:32:48,716
He was not very dark, fairly light,
530
00:32:48,717 --> 00:32:51,344
with wild curly hair...
531
00:32:51,345 --> 00:32:55,140
yes, rather wild.
532
00:32:55,224 --> 00:32:57,225
He had rather wiry hair.
533
00:32:57,226 --> 00:33:00,937
Rather wiry.
534
00:33:00,938 --> 00:33:04,900
He was built like this.
He was strong.
535
00:33:04,942 --> 00:33:08,486
His face was wider,
and this was a bit higher.
536
00:33:08,487 --> 00:33:11,156
A round face, and his forehead was...
537
00:33:11,240 --> 00:33:13,158
like people say...
538
00:33:13,242 --> 00:33:15,285
he had a good man's features.
539
00:33:15,369 --> 00:33:18,079
A person you rely on.
540
00:33:18,080 --> 00:33:20,582
A high forehead,
541
00:33:20,624 --> 00:33:23,293
without being bald.
542
00:33:23,377 --> 00:33:26,504
- Was he lively?
- He was strong!
543
00:33:26,505 --> 00:33:29,507
He had a body like this, if not
stronger, a bit stronger than him.
544
00:33:29,508 --> 00:33:31,885
Muscular... muscular arms.
545
00:33:31,969 --> 00:33:34,304
We lived in Recife.
546
00:33:35,973 --> 00:33:39,560
In Recife, he started
to get into politics.
547
00:33:39,643 --> 00:33:44,189
After joining the workers' union...
548
00:33:44,273 --> 00:33:48,276
- At the quarry?
- The workers at the quarry.
549
00:33:48,277 --> 00:33:52,906
When I was in Cavaleiro
he already had those ideas.
550
00:33:52,990 --> 00:33:56,409
Those political ideas of his.
Always on the workers' side.
551
00:33:56,410 --> 00:34:00,496
He was dedicated to the workers,
he fought for the unions,
552
00:34:00,497 --> 00:34:02,957
and for the workers' rights.
553
00:34:02,958 --> 00:34:06,170
So, they stopped hiring him
at the quarries.
554
00:34:06,253 --> 00:34:09,130
They started clamping down,
put pressure on him and he left.
555
00:34:09,131 --> 00:34:12,009
When he left...
he went to Paraíba.
556
00:34:12,134 --> 00:34:16,512
And he became president
of the Land Workers' League.
557
00:34:16,513 --> 00:34:18,932
Then, I told him,
558
00:34:18,974 --> 00:34:22,977
"There's some dangerous men up there.
559
00:34:22,978 --> 00:34:24,979
It'll come to a bad end."
560
00:34:24,980 --> 00:34:28,609
He said, "I'll tell you this,
I don't want to die,
561
00:34:28,650 --> 00:34:33,154
"but I'm not afraid of being shot,
562
00:34:33,155 --> 00:34:35,281
for what I believe in."
563
00:34:35,282 --> 00:34:37,283
And he said it like this,
564
00:34:37,284 --> 00:34:39,620
"I may be shot dead up there,
565
00:34:39,661 --> 00:34:42,413
"but it's better than starving
to death down here!
566
00:34:42,414 --> 00:34:45,417
It's better than starving
to death down here."
567
00:34:45,501 --> 00:34:50,047
So, Dad sent for us.
568
00:34:50,172 --> 00:34:54,300
Once we got there,
he managed to set up the League.
569
00:34:54,301 --> 00:34:58,639
He started to organise
the Land Workers' League in 1958.
570
00:35:00,224 --> 00:35:05,062
1958, 1959, 1960, 1961.
571
00:35:05,104 --> 00:35:09,066
In 1962 he was murdered.
572
00:35:12,653 --> 00:35:15,321
What was the farm like?
Was it your father's?
573
00:35:15,322 --> 00:35:17,908
The farm we lived on was Dad's.
574
00:35:17,991 --> 00:35:19,534
It was Dad's.
575
00:35:19,535 --> 00:35:24,080
- How big was it?
- I don't know how many acres.
576
00:35:24,081 --> 00:35:26,374
- Was it small?
- Yes, it was small.
577
00:35:26,375 --> 00:35:28,376
Did João Pedro know how to write?
578
00:35:28,377 --> 00:35:31,003
Yes, he did.
579
00:35:31,004 --> 00:35:33,089
He knew how
to read and write. A bit.
580
00:35:33,090 --> 00:35:35,174
Had he always been a Protestant?
581
00:35:35,175 --> 00:35:35,968
No.
582
00:35:35,969 --> 00:35:37,928
- He became one later?
- Later.
583
00:35:38,011 --> 00:35:40,096
- In Jaboatão?
- Yes.
584
00:35:40,097 --> 00:35:43,558
In Jaboatão he dedicated
himself to it there.
585
00:35:43,559 --> 00:35:46,561
He spent a long time at it.
586
00:35:46,562 --> 00:35:49,564
Then he dedicated himself to politics.
587
00:35:49,565 --> 00:35:53,276
He concentrated on the League
and abandoned his church.
588
00:35:53,277 --> 00:35:57,280
Until one day, when he was
arrested by the Army.
589
00:35:57,281 --> 00:36:01,284
They asked him
a lot of things about the Bible.
590
00:36:01,285 --> 00:36:03,578
And he knew everything!
591
00:36:03,579 --> 00:36:06,623
"So your ideas are really
those of a Protestant!
592
00:36:06,915 --> 00:36:09,417
You can answer
all my questions."
593
00:36:09,418 --> 00:36:11,419
You stayed a Catholic?
594
00:36:11,420 --> 00:36:12,629
Yes, always.
595
00:36:12,921 --> 00:36:14,721
- You never argued over religion?
- No, never!
596
00:36:14,923 --> 00:36:17,258
- He was OK with it?
- He would say...
597
00:36:17,259 --> 00:36:20,136
he wouldn't baptise the children.
598
00:36:20,137 --> 00:36:22,639
They'd be pagan.
I was fine with it.
599
00:36:22,931 --> 00:36:25,893
It wasn't a problem.
600
00:36:25,976 --> 00:36:27,936
He worked in the fields.
601
00:36:27,978 --> 00:36:30,521
He lived in the fields,
and he worked the fields.
602
00:36:30,522 --> 00:36:32,523
And in his free time?
603
00:36:32,524 --> 00:36:35,610
In his free time, at night,
on Saturdays and Sundays
604
00:36:35,611 --> 00:36:40,072
he was out, or the workers
would come over to the house.
605
00:36:40,073 --> 00:36:43,243
Then he would discuss with them,
606
00:36:43,327 --> 00:36:47,455
and he'd ask them how
they were surviving.
607
00:36:47,456 --> 00:36:50,166
Others came to complain
608
00:36:50,167 --> 00:36:52,669
they were being evicted,
609
00:36:52,961 --> 00:36:55,338
that the owner wanted them to leave.
610
00:36:55,339 --> 00:36:57,632
That they should have
rights over their land.
611
00:36:57,633 --> 00:37:01,969
He told them, "Friends, we must unite.
612
00:37:01,970 --> 00:37:04,096
"If we are united,
613
00:37:04,097 --> 00:37:07,183
"we can end this tradition,
614
00:37:07,184 --> 00:37:10,102
"of the owner taking our land.
615
00:37:10,103 --> 00:37:12,564
"But, unless we unite...
616
00:37:12,648 --> 00:37:16,276
they will keep on doing this,
and that's that!"
617
00:37:17,653 --> 00:37:19,988
Market day was meeting day.
618
00:37:20,072 --> 00:37:24,493
He would go to the market
and talk to the workers.
619
00:37:24,576 --> 00:37:28,371
And I worked at the League
stamping cards,
620
00:37:28,372 --> 00:37:30,582
signing them, asking who wanted to join,
621
00:37:30,666 --> 00:37:33,919
for how long and how much
they were going to pay.
622
00:37:52,521 --> 00:37:56,148
In this scene
from "Man Marked for Death"
623
00:37:56,149 --> 00:37:58,693
a group of peasants led by João Pedro
624
00:37:58,694 --> 00:38:02,113
were arguing with the administrator
over rent increases.
625
00:38:02,114 --> 00:38:05,325
The dialogue was created
by the actors themselves,
626
00:38:05,367 --> 00:38:08,536
after they improvised
prior to filming.
627
00:38:08,537 --> 00:38:10,997
What's going on?
628
00:38:10,998 --> 00:38:14,584
You shouldn't have come here together!
629
00:38:14,668 --> 00:38:17,378
When it's time to pay the rent,
only one of you needs to come.
630
00:38:17,379 --> 00:38:19,298
This makes you look bad.
631
00:38:21,133 --> 00:38:24,010
I'll change your housing situation.
632
00:38:24,011 --> 00:38:26,262
You're too close to one another.
633
00:38:26,263 --> 00:38:29,682
We pay on time,
but you're asking for too much!
634
00:38:29,683 --> 00:38:32,560
João Pedro, you're the leader!
635
00:38:32,561 --> 00:38:34,855
You came up with these ideas!
636
00:38:34,938 --> 00:38:36,606
He's not the leader.
637
00:38:36,690 --> 00:38:39,400
But according to the agreement,
638
00:38:39,401 --> 00:38:42,278
he can make a reasonable
appeal for all of us.
639
00:38:42,279 --> 00:38:45,240
We have no choice in the matter.
640
00:38:45,282 --> 00:38:49,410
I'm very upset with you
about all of this!
641
00:38:49,411 --> 00:38:51,371
You're upset?
642
00:38:53,040 --> 00:38:55,166
You shouldn't be!
643
00:38:55,167 --> 00:38:58,169
If your son dies, I bury him.
644
00:38:58,170 --> 00:39:00,921
If your wife gets sick,
I put her in a hospital.
645
00:39:00,922 --> 00:39:02,923
You have everything you need!
646
00:39:02,924 --> 00:39:05,468
We're not convinced!
You need to try harder!
647
00:39:05,469 --> 00:39:08,138
You're not thinking straight,
you don't seem to have any sense!
648
00:39:08,221 --> 00:39:10,140
You're half-witted.
649
00:39:10,223 --> 00:39:12,893
You're a brute! You make
things bad for yourself!
650
00:39:12,976 --> 00:39:14,560
Let's settle this!
651
00:39:14,561 --> 00:39:16,897
Can't you see the owners don't die?
652
00:39:16,938 --> 00:39:19,149
The administrators don't die.
Only the peasants die!
653
00:39:19,232 --> 00:39:23,570
We don't want to fight with you,
but we can't afford to pay.
654
00:39:26,114 --> 00:39:29,325
You know you're mine and I am yours.
655
00:39:29,326 --> 00:39:33,120
I want you to be satisfied.
656
00:39:33,121 --> 00:39:35,122
I don't want to fight!
657
00:39:35,123 --> 00:39:37,292
This land is all ours!
658
00:39:37,376 --> 00:39:40,628
But I can't cancel the
increase in rent.
659
00:39:40,629 --> 00:39:43,924
I can only do that when the boss
comes back from the capital,
660
00:39:44,007 --> 00:39:46,175
in a week's time.
661
00:39:46,176 --> 00:39:49,261
I have to do as the boss tells me.
662
00:39:49,262 --> 00:39:52,264
Well, it can wait a week, can't it?
663
00:39:52,265 --> 00:39:55,477
According to what his answer is,
then we'll decide.
664
00:39:57,521 --> 00:40:01,273
Let's think about it.
Life is sweet.
665
00:40:01,274 --> 00:40:04,151
Go home, talk to your families.
666
00:40:04,152 --> 00:40:07,363
Stop this nonsense.
We're together in this.
667
00:40:07,364 --> 00:40:11,493
So, we'll come back next week
to hear his answer.
668
00:40:20,544 --> 00:40:24,088
One day, mark my words,
the day will come...
669
00:40:24,089 --> 00:40:26,091
when you will no longer
be able to do this!
670
00:40:26,174 --> 00:40:30,052
So, your father had
a quarrel with João Pedro.
671
00:40:30,053 --> 00:40:34,181
Yes. And Dad said
he wanted his land back.
672
00:40:34,182 --> 00:40:36,600
He wanted to take back
what was rightfully his.
673
00:40:36,601 --> 00:40:40,105
I tried to reason with him.
He said it wasn't working out.
674
00:40:40,188 --> 00:40:43,566
Then, Dad got really mad at him.
675
00:40:43,567 --> 00:40:46,360
We had some cattle at home.
676
00:40:46,361 --> 00:40:49,196
Dad had sent the cattle
for us to tend to.
677
00:40:49,197 --> 00:40:51,158
To look after the milking.
678
00:40:51,199 --> 00:40:54,493
So, Dad took the cattle back
679
00:40:54,494 --> 00:40:59,206
and sold the farm to Antônio Vítor,
680
00:40:59,207 --> 00:41:01,877
so we were forced to leave.
681
00:41:01,960 --> 00:41:04,254
Dad used to say,
"He should get your own land
682
00:41:04,337 --> 00:41:06,590
and live on it!"
683
00:41:09,634 --> 00:41:12,053
It was all very unfair.
684
00:41:12,220 --> 00:41:14,430
Why unfair?
685
00:41:14,431 --> 00:41:18,142
They used to kill the land workers.
686
00:41:18,143 --> 00:41:21,270
They were thrown out
687
00:41:21,271 --> 00:41:23,231
without any rights.
688
00:41:23,273 --> 00:41:26,400
There was persecution.
689
00:41:26,401 --> 00:41:29,028
People were persecuted.
690
00:41:29,029 --> 00:41:33,282
You couldn't even go out to work.
691
00:41:33,283 --> 00:41:36,285
Persecuted...
We saw people die.
692
00:41:36,286 --> 00:41:38,704
It was so unfair
693
00:41:38,705 --> 00:41:42,291
that families were left
abandoned in the fields.
694
00:41:42,292 --> 00:41:44,377
While they took over the plantations.
695
00:41:48,715 --> 00:41:53,177
Alfredo wasn't a leader.
He was a member of the League.
696
00:41:53,178 --> 00:41:55,721
He was tough.
He was a fighter...
697
00:41:55,722 --> 00:41:58,432
and he was very long suffering,
698
00:41:58,433 --> 00:42:00,559
because of Pedro Ramos,
699
00:42:00,560 --> 00:42:03,562
who put him under a lot of pressure.
700
00:42:03,563 --> 00:42:06,273
Until one day
he was working in the field,
701
00:42:06,274 --> 00:42:10,444
and the landowner...
the landowner's hired thugs arrived.
702
00:42:10,445 --> 00:42:13,698
They beat him and shot him dead.
703
00:42:24,042 --> 00:42:27,629
And when they threw stones
at the door, you sang, right?
704
00:42:27,712 --> 00:42:32,299
They threw stones, they banged on
our door and called for him to come out.
705
00:42:32,300 --> 00:42:35,469
They said the lawyer
was there, waiting for him.
706
00:42:35,470 --> 00:42:38,682
Do you remember the "Coco" song
you used to sing?
707
00:42:38,974 --> 00:42:41,268
- I do!
- How did it go?
708
00:43:47,042 --> 00:43:50,420
He was arrested many times
by the police.
709
00:43:53,048 --> 00:43:55,174
He made it easy.
710
00:43:55,175 --> 00:43:57,695
One day when I was teaching the
children. They were sitting at the table
711
00:43:57,719 --> 00:44:00,429
and he was sitting outside on the porch,
bare-chested,
712
00:44:00,430 --> 00:44:04,392
when a group of policemen arrived!
713
00:44:05,977 --> 00:44:08,104
A lot of them.
714
00:44:08,188 --> 00:44:11,190
And he couldn't do anything.
Nothing, nothing, nothing!
715
00:44:11,191 --> 00:44:13,610
They took him,
716
00:44:13,902 --> 00:44:16,613
bare-chested and all.
717
00:44:20,200 --> 00:44:22,576
He believed in the struggle.
718
00:44:22,577 --> 00:44:25,204
The landowners
719
00:44:25,205 --> 00:44:27,624
offered him money,
720
00:44:27,916 --> 00:44:30,584
so that he'd give up the fight.
721
00:44:30,585 --> 00:44:35,006
They offered him another
way to survive.
722
00:44:36,466 --> 00:44:40,219
I remember this day and night.
723
00:44:40,220 --> 00:44:43,640
The things he had to go through.
But he never gave in.
724
00:44:43,932 --> 00:44:46,559
He never came home and said,
725
00:44:46,601 --> 00:44:50,479
"Elizabeth, I regret it!"
726
00:44:50,480 --> 00:44:52,649
That, never!
727
00:44:52,941 --> 00:44:55,568
He stood strong!
728
00:44:55,610 --> 00:45:00,239
He said, "I'll organise
a rally on Saturday."
729
00:45:00,240 --> 00:45:05,369
I said, "It's impossible
to organise a rally."
730
00:45:05,370 --> 00:45:08,622
He said, "I will!"
I said, "Count me in!"
731
00:45:08,623 --> 00:45:13,294
He got into a jeep and
spread the word around the farms.
732
00:45:13,378 --> 00:45:18,174
And that day we held
the biggest protest rally of all.
733
00:45:20,510 --> 00:45:25,139
He knew the landowners would kill him.
734
00:45:25,140 --> 00:45:27,975
One day I asked him,
735
00:45:27,976 --> 00:45:32,521
"João Pedro, we need
to leave this state.
736
00:45:32,522 --> 00:45:37,276
"We can't do this anymore.
It's too difficult.
737
00:45:37,277 --> 00:45:42,990
"These men come by,
and say the landowners
738
00:45:42,991 --> 00:45:46,285
"will kill you.
739
00:45:46,286 --> 00:45:49,997
"They say the day
that you're killed...
740
00:45:49,998 --> 00:45:53,626
"they'll cut off your ear
and drink it with cãna.
741
00:45:53,668 --> 00:45:57,671
"This is no good!
We have to get out of here
742
00:45:57,672 --> 00:46:00,674
and go south."
743
00:46:00,675 --> 00:46:04,511
He looked at me and said,
744
00:46:04,512 --> 00:46:09,224
"You and my children are here.
745
00:46:09,225 --> 00:46:13,897
"I took some pictures.
Keep them as a reminder.
746
00:46:13,980 --> 00:46:18,233
"But I won't step down.
747
00:46:18,234 --> 00:46:22,946
"I know they're going
to kill me. I'm sure.
748
00:46:22,947 --> 00:46:27,451
"I see hatred in their faces.
749
00:46:27,452 --> 00:46:30,204
"Wherever I go,
750
00:46:30,205 --> 00:46:32,999
"I hear them whisper.
751
00:46:33,041 --> 00:46:37,503
"And I can see how
deeply they hate me.
752
00:46:37,504 --> 00:46:40,964
"I know that I've had it.
753
00:46:40,965 --> 00:46:45,178
"I will fall, they'll kill me.
754
00:46:45,220 --> 00:46:49,097
"But I can tell you this.
755
00:46:49,098 --> 00:46:53,353
They'll do it in a cowardly way!"
756
00:46:53,436 --> 00:46:57,398
"Peasant Family Threatened"
757
00:47:03,321 --> 00:47:07,574
It was April 2nd, on a Monday.
758
00:47:07,575 --> 00:47:11,203
He was going to make
a deal with the lawyer...
759
00:47:11,204 --> 00:47:15,375
about matters...
760
00:47:15,458 --> 00:47:19,211
concerning the land we lived on.
761
00:47:19,212 --> 00:47:23,090
Because we had a disagreement
with the owner.
762
00:47:23,091 --> 00:47:26,010
The lawyer had called him
763
00:47:26,094 --> 00:47:28,221
that day,
764
00:47:28,304 --> 00:47:30,681
and he was going to pick up
some books for our eldest son,
765
00:47:30,682 --> 00:47:33,433
who was starting secondary school.
766
00:47:33,434 --> 00:47:36,980
He brought my books, didn't he?
767
00:47:37,063 --> 00:47:38,605
Yes.
768
00:47:38,606 --> 00:47:42,652
You're a real teacher to me, Elizabeth
Teixeira... you're a school for me.
769
00:47:42,944 --> 00:47:45,655
She is, above all,
770
00:47:45,947 --> 00:47:50,118
my life force, my reason for living.
771
00:47:50,201 --> 00:47:53,453
To be able to talk
to Mr. Eduardo Coutinho.
772
00:47:53,454 --> 00:47:56,666
To argue with him
over 100,000 cruzeiros,
773
00:47:56,958 --> 00:48:00,210
over 50,000 cruzeiros,
10,000 cruzeiros, 20,000 cruzeiros.
774
00:48:00,211 --> 00:48:03,964
I would even argue
over 10 million cruzeiros
775
00:48:03,965 --> 00:48:06,134
if I had to...!
776
00:48:06,217 --> 00:48:10,220
Because besides having
a saint for a father,
777
00:48:10,221 --> 00:48:13,640
I have a mother who is,
what you can see here...
778
00:48:13,641 --> 00:48:16,643
Thank you, and sorry to interrupt.
779
00:48:16,644 --> 00:48:18,145
Go on!
780
00:48:18,146 --> 00:48:21,481
When he was murdered
781
00:48:21,482 --> 00:48:26,194
on Café do Vento Road,
782
00:48:26,195 --> 00:48:30,533
even the books he was
carrying had bullet holes,
783
00:48:30,617 --> 00:48:33,536
and were covered in blood.
784
00:48:44,005 --> 00:48:48,468
He was smoking when he was shot.
785
00:48:48,509 --> 00:48:53,263
At around 8am they were
selling "A Folha do Povo",
786
00:48:53,264 --> 00:48:57,976
and the newspaper
had the whole story on him.
787
00:48:57,977 --> 00:49:02,481
And everybody
bought it. It said,
788
00:49:02,482 --> 00:49:08,153
"President of
the Paraíba Land Workers' League Shot."
789
00:49:08,154 --> 00:49:12,449
And his name was printed there
as the name of a great man.
790
00:49:12,450 --> 00:49:16,244
And we all felt so sad.
791
00:49:16,245 --> 00:49:19,039
It happened, and it seemed
like the dream was gone.
792
00:49:19,040 --> 00:49:22,627
Everything stopped moving.
It felt very cold.
793
00:49:22,877 --> 00:49:26,631
As if the sun had gone out.
794
00:49:26,881 --> 00:49:30,635
The sadness of snatching a life
and leaving only emptiness.
795
00:49:30,885 --> 00:49:33,512
That's how everyone felt.
796
00:49:33,513 --> 00:49:38,142
And why didn't you hear about
João Pedro's death until the next day?
797
00:49:38,226 --> 00:49:40,395
The reason...
798
00:49:42,438 --> 00:49:47,317
I think the landowners
tried to cover it up.
799
00:49:47,318 --> 00:49:51,114
And our comrades,
800
00:49:51,197 --> 00:49:54,951
after they found out about it,
801
00:49:55,076 --> 00:49:57,327
they were also...
802
00:49:57,328 --> 00:50:01,331
they didn't have the courage...
803
00:50:01,332 --> 00:50:03,668
to come and tell me what had happened.
804
00:50:03,918 --> 00:50:07,337
And how did you react?
Were you desperate?
805
00:50:07,338 --> 00:50:09,589
Here's the thing.
806
00:50:09,590 --> 00:50:11,551
I...
807
00:50:11,592 --> 00:50:15,595
could hardly believe it.
808
00:50:15,596 --> 00:50:20,308
I went to the town where his body was.
809
00:50:20,309 --> 00:50:24,980
Abraão came with me.
We walked.
810
00:50:24,981 --> 00:50:28,692
Then we got transport halfway.
811
00:50:28,693 --> 00:50:33,364
I went down to the morgue
where his body was.
812
00:50:35,950 --> 00:50:40,454
His body was covered in bullet holes.
It was barbaric!
813
00:50:40,455 --> 00:50:42,665
So sad.
814
00:50:46,210 --> 00:50:51,214
He still had dirt in his ears...
815
00:50:51,215 --> 00:50:56,095
And there was a pool of blood
on the floor.
816
00:51:02,602 --> 00:51:05,354
And the murderers were never punished?
817
00:51:05,438 --> 00:51:08,232
They were never punished.
818
00:51:23,039 --> 00:51:27,334
João Pedro Teixeira
was killed in an ambush
819
00:51:27,335 --> 00:51:29,711
on April 2nd, 1962,
820
00:51:29,712 --> 00:51:32,673
by two officers
from the Military Police.
821
00:51:32,715 --> 00:51:35,634
Another participant was a cowhand from
landowner Agnaldo Veloso Borges' farm,
822
00:51:35,635 --> 00:51:38,345
also took part in the ambush.
823
00:51:38,346 --> 00:51:41,015
"Agnaldo Makes Statement to
Enquiry Committee"
824
00:51:45,353 --> 00:51:49,356
The judge in Sapé issued a pretrial
detention order for Agnaldo,
825
00:51:49,357 --> 00:51:52,527
who was seen as one of the instigators
of the crime.
826
00:51:52,610 --> 00:51:55,612
But he managed to avoid prosecution,
827
00:51:55,613 --> 00:51:58,615
by taking office
in the Legislative Assembly.
828
00:51:58,616 --> 00:52:00,993
Agnaldo was the fifth vice-deputy.
829
00:52:01,077 --> 00:52:05,039
One deputy and four other substitutes
stepped down on the same day,
830
00:52:05,081 --> 00:52:07,875
to allow him to take office.
831
00:52:12,505 --> 00:52:15,090
In March, 1965,
832
00:52:15,091 --> 00:52:18,218
the two police officers
who shot João Pedro
833
00:52:18,219 --> 00:52:22,097
were unanimously acquitted by a jury.
834
00:52:22,098 --> 00:52:26,060
"Officers Accused of Shooting
João Pedro Have Been Acquitted"
835
00:52:32,441 --> 00:52:36,194
We started to show the film
in Galileia over an hour ago,
836
00:52:36,195 --> 00:52:38,738
everyone's watching closely.
837
00:52:38,739 --> 00:52:42,660
João Virgínio and his wife,
Braz, Bia...
838
00:52:42,743 --> 00:52:46,204
Zé Daniel...
839
00:52:46,205 --> 00:52:49,624
João Mariano.
840
00:52:49,625 --> 00:52:52,377
João Mariano was the only actor
841
00:52:52,378 --> 00:52:55,672
who was not politically active.
842
00:52:55,673 --> 00:52:58,133
When we invited him to be in the film
843
00:52:58,134 --> 00:53:00,552
we told him who João Pedro was.
844
00:53:00,553 --> 00:53:02,679
João Mariano immediately agreed,
845
00:53:02,680 --> 00:53:05,140
mostly because, after having
been evicted from a mill,
846
00:53:05,141 --> 00:53:07,142
he was still unemployed.
847
00:53:07,143 --> 00:53:09,144
But then
848
00:53:09,145 --> 00:53:12,230
he gradually started to relate
to João Pedro's character.
849
00:53:12,231 --> 00:53:16,484
João Mariano is the head
of a Baptist congregation,
850
00:53:16,485 --> 00:53:18,529
in Vitória de Santo Antão.
851
00:53:18,613 --> 00:53:20,655
I decided to interview him
the following day.
852
00:53:20,656 --> 00:53:22,949
Without letting him know I was coming.
853
00:53:22,950 --> 00:53:25,161
Here's the thing...
854
00:53:25,286 --> 00:53:28,663
I don't take part...
855
00:53:28,664 --> 00:53:31,666
in certain movements.
856
00:53:31,667 --> 00:53:36,339
I got into this movement 16 years ago,
857
00:53:36,422 --> 00:53:39,299
through the mill.
858
00:53:39,300 --> 00:53:43,179
When the movement came along...
859
00:53:43,304 --> 00:53:47,934
Hold on a minute.
There's too much wind. Cut.
860
00:53:50,519 --> 00:53:55,149
You can go on now. What you
were saying was perfect.
861
00:54:02,657 --> 00:54:05,993
You can speak, Mariano.
Don't be afraid.
862
00:54:06,077 --> 00:54:08,329
Just tell me how
you live and that's it.
863
00:54:12,375 --> 00:54:14,293
OK, Mariano?
864
00:54:25,221 --> 00:54:26,555
Mariano...?
865
00:54:26,639 --> 00:54:29,224
I believe you know
everything about it.
866
00:54:29,225 --> 00:54:32,018
I didn't want to be involved.
867
00:54:32,019 --> 00:54:34,020
I worked at the mill.
868
00:54:34,021 --> 00:54:36,523
Because of the League and so on.
869
00:54:36,524 --> 00:54:39,234
I got out because I didn't want
to be part of it.
870
00:54:39,235 --> 00:54:42,112
It proves I didn't want
to be part of it.
871
00:54:42,113 --> 00:54:45,115
When I got to town
and you came to see me,
872
00:54:45,116 --> 00:54:47,659
so I took on the... let's say... career,
873
00:54:47,660 --> 00:54:50,662
without knowing what I was doing.
874
00:54:50,663 --> 00:54:55,375
Then, I realised it was
all about property,
875
00:54:55,376 --> 00:54:57,377
land, and so on.
876
00:54:57,378 --> 00:55:00,380
Because I don't need land. The few
things God has given me... I don't
877
00:55:00,381 --> 00:55:05,011
need that to live. I live
without meddling with A or B.
878
00:55:05,052 --> 00:55:07,929
But when you came...
879
00:55:07,930 --> 00:55:10,473
because you were nice to me...
880
00:55:10,474 --> 00:55:13,059
I was interested in the work.
881
00:55:13,060 --> 00:55:17,480
But not about being part
of that revolutionary business.
882
00:55:17,481 --> 00:55:19,941
And that's that.
883
00:55:19,942 --> 00:55:23,404
But tell me, what do you
do for a living today?
884
00:55:23,487 --> 00:55:27,408
I do my own thing.
I have no mill boss over me.
885
00:55:27,491 --> 00:55:30,702
And I want nothing to do with them.
886
00:55:30,703 --> 00:55:32,704
This is my life.
887
00:55:32,705 --> 00:55:35,374
And were you a Protestant at the time?
888
00:55:35,416 --> 00:55:37,417
Yes.
889
00:55:37,418 --> 00:55:40,545
That is why I was
so disappointed at my church.
890
00:55:40,546 --> 00:55:43,423
They kicked me out.
I was really heartbroken.
891
00:55:43,424 --> 00:55:45,717
For that reason, I don't
want to go on with it.
892
00:55:45,718 --> 00:55:49,054
I believe you're recording
everything I'm saying...
893
00:55:49,055 --> 00:55:52,682
But you can see from my face
that I'm not, erm...
894
00:55:52,683 --> 00:55:56,019
erm... so dedicated
to this movement.
895
00:55:56,020 --> 00:55:58,730
How long have you been a Protestant?
896
00:55:58,731 --> 00:56:00,607
It's been 28 years.
897
00:56:00,608 --> 00:56:02,985
- The Baptist church?
- Yes, sir.
898
00:56:07,114 --> 00:56:09,617
Once bitten, twice shy.
899
00:56:09,909 --> 00:56:12,160
I was once disappointed.
900
00:56:12,161 --> 00:56:14,162
Why would I be again?
901
00:56:14,163 --> 00:56:16,164
What disappointed you?
902
00:56:16,165 --> 00:56:19,459
The church wouldn't support
the movement.
903
00:56:19,460 --> 00:56:23,213
And I don't want revolution.
I'm all about peace.
904
00:56:23,214 --> 00:56:27,467
Everyone living their own lives.
905
00:56:27,468 --> 00:56:29,553
That's how it is.
906
00:56:31,097 --> 00:56:34,140
- And you also have a little shop, right?
- It's a waste of time!
907
00:56:34,141 --> 00:56:36,602
You weren't harmed by being
in the film, were you?
908
00:56:36,644 --> 00:56:39,145
No, not harmed.
909
00:56:39,146 --> 00:56:41,648
Except by the mill owner.
910
00:56:41,649 --> 00:56:44,651
During the revolution, he was after me
911
00:56:44,652 --> 00:56:46,528
and tried to kill me.
912
00:56:46,529 --> 00:56:48,530
Because of a case in 1963?
913
00:56:48,531 --> 00:56:50,990
Because they compensated
me at the mill.
914
00:56:50,991 --> 00:56:53,535
It was about that, not about the film.
915
00:56:53,536 --> 00:56:56,205
No one came after me
because of the film.
916
00:56:56,288 --> 00:56:59,250
I wasn't disappointed.
Only by the church.
917
00:57:04,505 --> 00:57:07,507
But did you enjoy seeing
yourself in the film yesterday?
918
00:57:07,508 --> 00:57:10,386
I did, yes. Because we enjoy
919
00:57:10,469 --> 00:57:14,055
seeing the fruits of our labour,
and I could see it in the film.
920
00:57:14,056 --> 00:57:16,349
I was very natural.
921
00:57:16,350 --> 00:57:20,353
It was all very natural,
and not against A or B.
922
00:57:20,354 --> 00:57:23,398
I was pleased with what I saw.
923
00:57:23,399 --> 00:57:25,359
I saw the fruits of my labour.
924
00:57:41,709 --> 00:57:45,044
Twenty days after João Pedro
was murdered,
925
00:57:45,045 --> 00:57:47,631
Elizabeth Teixeira travelled south.
926
00:57:47,715 --> 00:57:50,550
On May 5th, 1962,
in Brasília, she spoke to
927
00:57:50,551 --> 00:57:53,303
the Parliamentary Commission
of Inquiry
928
00:57:53,304 --> 00:57:55,430
on agrarian affairs.
929
00:57:55,431 --> 00:57:59,184
I had to go to Rio de Janeiro
930
00:57:59,185 --> 00:58:02,437
to testify at the Parliamentary
Commission of Inquiry.
931
00:58:02,438 --> 00:58:05,190
When I arrived in Rio...
932
00:58:05,191 --> 00:58:07,901
I went on to Brasília...
933
00:58:07,902 --> 00:58:11,571
In Brasília the deputies
934
00:58:11,572 --> 00:58:14,449
and the President
935
00:58:14,450 --> 00:58:18,120
thought I should take
João Pedro's place.
936
00:58:18,204 --> 00:58:21,289
Mostly to support my children
937
00:58:21,290 --> 00:58:25,168
and for the League to grow
938
00:58:25,169 --> 00:58:27,587
with my leadership.
939
00:58:27,588 --> 00:58:31,091
Because I was the leader's widow.
940
00:58:31,175 --> 00:58:34,177
I went on.
941
00:58:34,178 --> 00:58:37,430
And I said I would take
his place even if I died.
942
00:58:37,431 --> 00:58:39,974
I would risk my own life
and take his place.
943
00:58:39,975 --> 00:58:44,270
So I took over... I was dedicated...
944
00:58:44,271 --> 00:58:46,481
And in doing so,
945
00:58:46,482 --> 00:58:50,444
I fought and protested against
João Pedro's murder.
946
00:58:50,486 --> 00:58:55,073
And the murders of all
the other fallen comrades.
947
00:58:55,074 --> 00:58:59,077
I was also arrested...
948
00:58:59,078 --> 00:59:03,331
Not by one policeman,
or two, or three! No!
949
00:59:03,332 --> 00:59:06,960
There were many and they
shot at my feet.
950
00:59:06,961 --> 00:59:09,129
Shot at my feet...
951
00:59:09,213 --> 00:59:13,425
Even so, I didn't stop
marching, but got into the car...
952
00:59:13,467 --> 00:59:15,635
and I let them take me.
953
00:59:15,636 --> 00:59:17,971
And when I got there,
954
00:59:17,972 --> 00:59:21,099
they started asking me
a lot of stupid questions.
955
00:59:21,100 --> 00:59:23,351
Asking me about abroad...
956
00:59:23,352 --> 00:59:25,896
As if I knew anyone abroad!
957
00:59:29,233 --> 00:59:32,235
This was most likely the last time
958
00:59:32,236 --> 00:59:35,197
Elizabeth Teixeira was at a rally.
959
00:59:36,991 --> 00:59:41,244
The rally took place in early 1964,
960
00:59:41,245 --> 00:59:43,246
to celebrate the formation
961
00:59:43,247 --> 00:59:45,332
of the Agricultural Workers' Union
962
00:59:45,416 --> 00:59:48,127
in São Miguel do Taipu,
a town near Sapé.
963
00:59:48,252 --> 00:59:51,046
Due to pressure from the
Land Workers' Movement,
964
00:59:51,130 --> 00:59:54,549
the Federal Government
started encouraging
965
00:59:54,550 --> 00:59:57,094
the creation of rural unionisation.
966
01:00:05,519 --> 01:00:08,521
Two weeks after this rally,
967
01:00:08,522 --> 01:00:12,150
a conflict near Sapé
prevented us from filming
968
01:00:12,151 --> 01:00:15,154
"Man Marked for Death" in the area.
969
01:00:21,118 --> 01:00:24,163
One month later, in February, 1964,
970
01:00:24,246 --> 01:00:26,664
Elizabeth came to to Pernambuco,
971
01:00:26,665 --> 01:00:29,208
in order to take part
in the filming in Galileia.
972
01:00:29,209 --> 01:00:33,087
"Sapé for God and Democracy"
973
01:00:33,088 --> 01:00:38,092
"Families March in Areia,
Piancó and Uraína"
974
01:00:38,093 --> 01:00:43,181
"Guarabira Holds Family March
for God and Freedom"
975
01:00:43,182 --> 01:00:48,144
"João Pessoa Marched Yesterday
for God and Freedom"
976
01:00:48,145 --> 01:00:52,941
"March to Recife draws
200 Thousand People"
977
01:00:54,526 --> 01:00:58,614
These were the last scenes we
shot for "Man Marked for Death"
978
01:00:58,739 --> 01:01:03,410
on March 31st, 1964, at night.
979
01:01:03,494 --> 01:01:07,373
João Pedro was gathering the labourers
980
01:01:07,456 --> 01:01:10,626
to discuss the formation
of the Sapé League.
981
01:01:10,918 --> 01:01:14,129
Only three shots were filmed.
982
01:01:14,213 --> 01:01:17,883
The first one is when
Elizabeth serves them coffee.
983
01:01:19,968 --> 01:01:23,262
The second one is when
she hears a noise outside
984
01:01:23,263 --> 01:01:25,557
and goes to take a look.
985
01:01:27,518 --> 01:01:31,397
The last one is when she comes
back frightened and says,
986
01:01:31,438 --> 01:01:41,156
"There's someone outside!"
987
01:01:41,281 --> 01:01:43,282
And then?
988
01:01:43,283 --> 01:01:46,119
March 31st, huh? March 31st...
989
01:01:46,120 --> 01:01:50,082
So, we were surrounded by the Army.
990
01:01:50,124 --> 01:01:52,667
Not from Pernambuco,
991
01:01:52,668 --> 01:01:55,128
but the Army from Paraíba.
992
01:01:55,129 --> 01:01:59,132
No one knew any of the soldiers
that poured into the town.
993
01:01:59,133 --> 01:02:02,510
They walked in.
Not by car.
994
01:02:02,511 --> 01:02:04,637
They walked all the way.
995
01:02:04,638 --> 01:02:08,391
They came pouring in!
There were soldiers everywhere!
996
01:02:08,392 --> 01:02:11,895
Everybody started running
into the woods.
997
01:02:11,979 --> 01:02:14,064
They were just looking
for three people.
998
01:02:14,148 --> 01:02:16,524
João Virgínio, Zezé and Rosário.
999
01:02:16,525 --> 01:02:18,526
They wanted those three.
1000
01:02:18,527 --> 01:02:21,488
And the film crew.
But they couldn't catch us.
1001
01:02:21,530 --> 01:02:25,075
Oh, yes, it was the film crew
they wanted most!
1002
01:02:25,159 --> 01:02:26,993
In which house did we shoot?
1003
01:02:26,994 --> 01:02:31,123
It was over there. Right there.
1004
01:02:31,206 --> 01:02:34,125
The house isn't there anymore,
1005
01:02:34,126 --> 01:02:37,003
because it was too old.
1006
01:02:37,004 --> 01:02:41,090
So, we tore it down
and built it elsewhere.
1007
01:02:41,091 --> 01:02:44,594
Zé Daniel's house was
João Pedro's in the film.
1008
01:02:44,595 --> 01:02:48,306
And it was also where
we kept our film equipment.
1009
01:02:48,307 --> 01:02:51,017
I went into the woods...
1010
01:02:51,018 --> 01:02:54,480
I went all the way up to the field...
1011
01:02:54,563 --> 01:02:57,690
and I shouted to Daniel's son,
1012
01:02:57,691 --> 01:03:01,235
"Duda! Hey, Duda!
Go tell everyone
1013
01:03:01,236 --> 01:03:05,114
"the troops are coming!
1014
01:03:05,115 --> 01:03:07,241
They'll be here in a minute!"
1015
01:03:07,242 --> 01:03:10,913
Duda was playing football, but
ran and delivered the message.
1016
01:03:10,996 --> 01:03:13,998
You ran away,
and I ran across the field.
1017
01:03:13,999 --> 01:03:17,001
I saw they weren't coming.
1018
01:03:17,002 --> 01:03:20,464
When I got there,
you were running uphill.
1019
01:03:20,547 --> 01:03:24,008
The film crew had already gone.
1020
01:03:24,009 --> 01:03:27,471
They were hiding in the woods
behind that hill.
1021
01:03:28,555 --> 01:03:32,099
The troops arrived,
and I could see from up there
1022
01:03:32,100 --> 01:03:34,685
that they had
1023
01:03:34,686 --> 01:03:38,481
three Army trucks.
1024
01:03:38,482 --> 01:03:41,527
It was around 8pm.
1025
01:03:43,237 --> 01:03:46,572
All I could hear was clattering
coming from inside the house.
1026
01:03:46,573 --> 01:03:49,493
The Army was ransacking the house.
1027
01:03:49,576 --> 01:03:53,162
Turning it upside down.
1028
01:03:53,163 --> 01:03:57,583
They turned the chairs upside
down, the table, the bed.
1029
01:03:57,584 --> 01:04:02,129
They took the mattresses
out of the bedroom...
1030
01:04:02,130 --> 01:04:04,591
They took the barrel,
1031
01:04:04,675 --> 01:04:08,678
the big barrel
that we used to store flour in,
1032
01:04:08,679 --> 01:04:12,265
and threw it through the kitchen door.
1033
01:04:12,266 --> 01:04:16,018
A pan of cassava we were
cooking for dinner...
1034
01:04:16,019 --> 01:04:20,231
and threw it outside and smashed it.
1035
01:04:20,232 --> 01:04:24,485
They destroyed our bags and cases...
my sister's suitcase...
1036
01:04:24,486 --> 01:04:27,113
They took the generator,
1037
01:04:27,114 --> 01:04:29,241
and the spotlights for the film.
1038
01:04:29,324 --> 01:04:32,953
They took all the machinery,
all the material sitting outside.
1039
01:04:33,036 --> 01:04:35,454
"Subversive Material Seized,
1040
01:04:35,455 --> 01:04:38,124
"guns belonging to the Armed Forces,
1041
01:04:38,125 --> 01:04:40,585
"films for indoctrinating the workers,
1042
01:04:40,586 --> 01:04:43,004
"lights for showing films at night,
1043
01:04:43,005 --> 01:04:45,172
"(the training was intensive
and long lasting)
1044
01:04:45,173 --> 01:04:47,300
have been seized by
the Army at the Galileia mill."
1045
01:04:47,301 --> 01:04:51,304
This front-page picture
from the "Diario de Pernambuco",
1046
01:04:51,305 --> 01:04:55,641
shows film stock, tripods,
lighting equipment and a megaphone.
1047
01:04:55,642 --> 01:05:00,104
Normal film equipment.
1048
01:05:00,105 --> 01:05:03,983
"It was in Galileia that the Army
1049
01:05:03,984 --> 01:05:07,445
"seized material from the largest
subversive communist group
1050
01:05:07,446 --> 01:05:11,115
"in rural Pernambuco, abandoned by
red leaders
1051
01:05:11,116 --> 01:05:13,659
"along with the women and children.
1052
01:05:13,660 --> 01:05:17,663
"In a typical peasant house,
we have found extensive material
1053
01:05:17,664 --> 01:05:21,250
"intended for spreading
subversive ideas
1054
01:05:21,251 --> 01:05:24,503
"by the international leftists
who were in the area,
1055
01:05:24,504 --> 01:05:26,631
"under the protection
1056
01:05:26,632 --> 01:05:29,508
"of the recently deposed
State government.
1057
01:05:29,509 --> 01:05:33,012
"Inside the house
was a powerful generator
1058
01:05:33,013 --> 01:05:35,514
"which was used for powering
1059
01:05:35,515 --> 01:05:39,518
"an expensive film projector.
1060
01:05:39,519 --> 01:05:42,271
"Among many others found,
the film taken
1061
01:05:42,272 --> 01:05:44,900
"the week of the coup,
1062
01:05:45,025 --> 01:05:47,319
"was 'Man Marked for Death'.
1063
01:05:47,402 --> 01:05:51,155
"The film taught the labourers
1064
01:05:51,156 --> 01:05:53,408
"to act in cold blood,
1065
01:05:53,492 --> 01:05:56,494
"with no sense of guilt of remorse
1066
01:05:56,495 --> 01:06:00,081
"when shooting was necessary
1067
01:06:00,082 --> 01:06:04,043
"or decapitation or other forms
of elimination
1068
01:06:04,044 --> 01:06:07,296
"inflicted on 'reactionaries'
captured in the field
1069
01:06:07,297 --> 01:06:11,550
"or taken to Galileia,
in the rural area of the State.
1070
01:06:11,551 --> 01:06:14,637
"At the same time,
a sociologist from Pernambuco,
1071
01:06:14,638 --> 01:06:17,682
"who wishes to remain anonymous,
1072
01:06:17,683 --> 01:06:20,351
"has started to draw up a plan
1073
01:06:20,352 --> 01:06:23,020
"that shall be put
into practice in Galileia,
1074
01:06:23,021 --> 01:06:27,859
"in order to provide rapid,
moral and social recovery
1075
01:06:27,943 --> 01:06:30,946
"of the sub-race
to which the communists
1076
01:06:31,029 --> 01:06:33,323
have tried to reduce
these peasants in Galileia."
1077
01:06:33,407 --> 01:06:37,451
Zé Daniel took us
to a hideout in the woods.
1078
01:06:37,452 --> 01:06:41,539
At night, the troops went back
to Vitória de Santo Antão.
1079
01:06:41,540 --> 01:06:45,960
At night, we were
together in the woods,
1080
01:06:45,961 --> 01:06:50,424
and later the children
arrived shouting,
1081
01:06:50,507 --> 01:06:54,385
"Dad! Oh, Dad! Dad! Daddy!"
1082
01:06:54,386 --> 01:06:57,305
I wanted -- I really
wanted to go to them.
1083
01:06:59,391 --> 01:07:03,270
"Don't go there, no."
I wanted to go.
1084
01:07:03,353 --> 01:07:07,106
"Come have some coffee!
They're already gone!"
1085
01:07:07,107 --> 01:07:09,608
Compadre Zé Feliciano said,
1086
01:07:09,609 --> 01:07:13,363
"Compadre Daniel, come to the house.
They're gone. Have some coffee!"
1087
01:07:13,447 --> 01:07:16,991
I wanted to go!
1088
01:07:16,992 --> 01:07:19,618
Why didn't you answer?
1089
01:07:19,619 --> 01:07:21,580
I didn't answer because
1090
01:07:21,621 --> 01:07:25,458
you were saying, "Don't go.
No. Don't go." But I wanted to...
1091
01:07:25,459 --> 01:07:27,626
We were worried the Army
might still be there.
1092
01:07:27,627 --> 01:07:30,297
They might have still been there.
1093
01:07:30,380 --> 01:07:34,384
Early in the morning, we left
the woods with Elizabeth
1094
01:07:34,468 --> 01:07:37,344
and said goodbye to the people.
1095
01:07:37,345 --> 01:07:40,681
We split into groups of three,
climbed the hill
1096
01:07:40,682 --> 01:07:44,477
and got onto the road
to Recife a few miles ahead.
1097
01:07:44,478 --> 01:07:48,105
Then each group took a different bus.
1098
01:07:48,106 --> 01:07:51,358
And all of us managed
to get to Recife.
1099
01:07:51,359 --> 01:07:54,528
Only later, did we find out
that five members of the crew
1100
01:07:54,529 --> 01:07:57,406
who had chosen to stay
in Vitória de Santo Antão,
1101
01:07:57,407 --> 01:07:59,326
had been arrested.
1102
01:07:59,409 --> 01:08:03,038
The Army went back to Galileia
shortly after we left.
1103
01:08:03,121 --> 01:08:07,500
On that day, April 13th,
Zé Daniel surrendered.
1104
01:08:07,501 --> 01:08:12,004
I gave myself up.
At first, I said to him,
1105
01:08:12,005 --> 01:08:14,591
"For the sake of the milk
1106
01:08:14,674 --> 01:08:18,135
"you suck from your mother's breast,
1107
01:08:18,136 --> 01:08:21,597
"for the love of Jesus Christ,
Our Lord and Saviour...
1108
01:08:21,598 --> 01:08:26,227
"if you see any reason to arrest
me or beat me,
1109
01:08:26,228 --> 01:08:29,230
or shoot me 2, 3 or 4 times,
or for as long as I can take it."
1110
01:08:29,231 --> 01:08:31,565
"So, you're afraid
of going to prison?"
1111
01:08:31,566 --> 01:08:35,612
"Yes, sir. I respect
man, woman, and child.
1112
01:08:35,695 --> 01:08:39,240
"So I can be respected too
as a poor old man.
1113
01:08:39,241 --> 01:08:42,993
I'm weak, thank God!
And the Devil is poor!"
1114
01:08:42,994 --> 01:08:46,956
I said, "I am a weak man,
but live by my respect.
1115
01:08:46,957 --> 01:08:49,918
"I want to die with honour!
I hear you wanted to see me.
1116
01:08:50,001 --> 01:08:52,378
"I want to die on my land.
1117
01:08:52,379 --> 01:08:55,005
"But not beaten in jail!
1118
01:08:55,006 --> 01:08:57,342
"If I am to be arrested or beaten,
1119
01:08:57,384 --> 01:09:00,594
I will die running across the
land, but I won't surrender!"
1120
01:09:00,595 --> 01:09:06,225
Then Sergeant Saraiva says
"Tell me where the guns are, Zé Daniel."
1121
01:09:06,226 --> 01:09:09,436
I say, "Besides the gun
you found in my house
1122
01:09:09,437 --> 01:09:12,607
"and the little shotgun
we use for hunting fowl to eat.
1123
01:09:12,899 --> 01:09:15,276
These are all the guns
we have in Galileia."
1124
01:09:15,277 --> 01:09:18,279
"No, Daniel. The machine guns."
"I've never seen one before!
1125
01:09:18,280 --> 01:09:21,282
"I see one now in your hands.
1126
01:09:21,283 --> 01:09:24,118
I wanted to see one,
but I never have."
1127
01:09:24,119 --> 01:09:27,037
With Zé Daniel's help,
1128
01:09:27,038 --> 01:09:29,957
we hid the film camera
1129
01:09:29,958 --> 01:09:32,878
in some sort of cave
in the middle of the woods.
1130
01:09:32,919 --> 01:09:36,298
The camera was the last
thing the Army found.
1131
01:09:36,381 --> 01:09:38,425
Under that rock there.
1132
01:09:38,508 --> 01:09:40,969
Come down.
1133
01:09:43,180 --> 01:09:46,557
Can you tell where it was?
1134
01:09:46,558 --> 01:09:49,393
Under that rock there.
1135
01:09:49,394 --> 01:09:52,104
What was under the rock?
1136
01:09:52,105 --> 01:09:55,482
The camera they filmed with
was under that rock.
1137
01:09:55,483 --> 01:09:59,028
He asked me,
and we came down the path.
1138
01:09:59,029 --> 01:10:02,281
I didn't want to say it. So I said,
"We'll see..."
1139
01:10:02,282 --> 01:10:06,160
I didn't want to say I knew!
But we came down the path.
1140
01:10:06,161 --> 01:10:08,622
I said, "I think they came down here,"
1141
01:10:08,705 --> 01:10:11,457
but I didn't say that
I had put it there.
1142
01:10:11,458 --> 01:10:15,252
- Where was it?
- Down the path. Then...
1143
01:10:15,253 --> 01:10:18,673
then, I spotted the camera and I said,
"Look! There it is!"
1144
01:10:18,965 --> 01:10:23,052
They picked the camera up,
and then they shouted,
1145
01:10:23,053 --> 01:10:26,430
"Come! Come tell them
I've found it!
1146
01:10:26,431 --> 01:10:31,019
João José, Zé Daniel's son,
was 20 years old at the time.
1147
01:10:32,354 --> 01:10:36,732
The only things I managed to keep
1148
01:10:36,733 --> 01:10:40,195
were two books left on the table.
1149
01:10:40,278 --> 01:10:42,988
The Army took everything else.
1150
01:10:42,989 --> 01:10:46,993
I keep my books inside this suitcase.
1151
01:10:48,078 --> 01:10:52,289
"The History of a Manuscript - Kaputt"
1152
01:10:52,290 --> 01:10:56,710
"Every morning I'd sit in the garden
1153
01:10:56,711 --> 01:11:01,132
"under an acacia tree,
1154
01:11:01,174 --> 01:11:04,302
"and start to work.
1155
01:11:04,386 --> 01:11:07,680
"Whenever... an SS soldier...
1156
01:11:07,681 --> 01:11:14,561
"arrived near... the hedge,
1157
01:11:14,562 --> 01:11:18,482
the peasant would give
a warning cough."
1158
01:11:18,483 --> 01:11:22,070
So, when the troops came,
1159
01:11:22,153 --> 01:11:24,405
the other would warn him.
1160
01:11:24,406 --> 01:11:27,157
And the Army wouldn't get him.
He'd escape.
1161
01:11:27,158 --> 01:11:29,494
The story of your film is like that.
1162
01:11:29,536 --> 01:11:35,041
"When I had to go to the front,
1163
01:11:35,125 --> 01:11:40,045
"I entrusted the manuscript of Kaputt
1164
01:11:40,046 --> 01:11:43,258
"to my friend Roman Suchena,
1165
01:11:43,383 --> 01:11:49,054
"who hid it in a hole
in the wall of the pigsty.
1166
01:11:49,055 --> 01:11:52,725
"I... will always be grateful
1167
01:11:52,726 --> 01:11:56,437
"to the peasant Roman Suchena
1168
01:11:56,438 --> 01:12:01,026
"and his young daughter-in-law
for helping me to save
1169
01:12:01,109 --> 01:12:07,114
my dangerous manuscript
from the hands of the Gestapo."
1170
01:12:07,115 --> 01:12:10,242
So, this book reminds you
of the film, right?
1171
01:12:10,243 --> 01:12:13,246
Yes. It's yours! One of you
left this book here.
1172
01:12:13,288 --> 01:12:15,289
Whose book is this?
1173
01:12:15,290 --> 01:12:17,250
I don't know.
It was on the table.
1174
01:12:17,292 --> 01:12:19,710
How many years have you had it?
1175
01:12:19,711 --> 01:12:23,172
For 17 years.
There's this one too.
1176
01:12:23,173 --> 01:12:26,091
It's got, Fernando Duarte
written in it.
1177
01:12:26,092 --> 01:12:28,177
I think he was that skinny one.
1178
01:12:28,178 --> 01:12:29,595
The cinematographer.
1179
01:12:29,596 --> 01:12:32,682
So, I said, "It probably
belongs to one of the film crew."
1180
01:12:32,932 --> 01:12:37,978
It's about films and things...
I kept them both.
1181
01:12:37,979 --> 01:12:41,106
The Army captain wanted
to take this one
1182
01:12:41,107 --> 01:12:44,276
because there's a story about the
World War in it and Russia or something.
1183
01:12:44,277 --> 01:12:47,404
I said, "No sir,
this book is mine."
1184
01:12:47,405 --> 01:12:50,075
He said, "It's the Cuban's!"
I said, "This book is mine."
1185
01:12:50,158 --> 01:12:52,202
Who were the Cubans?
1186
01:12:52,285 --> 01:12:53,285
You were.
1187
01:12:53,328 --> 01:12:55,454
They thought we were Cubans?
1188
01:12:55,455 --> 01:13:00,542
Yes! They thought you were Cubans
making a film back then in 1964.
1189
01:13:00,543 --> 01:13:03,462
Then I said, "No, sir,
there's no Cubans
1190
01:13:03,463 --> 01:13:07,258
or communists here."
1191
01:13:12,013 --> 01:13:16,433
"Tell me where the guns
and the Cubans are!
1192
01:13:16,434 --> 01:13:20,021
I know those Cubans wanted
to start a revolution here!"
1193
01:13:20,105 --> 01:13:24,149
I said, "No, they never said
anything about a revolution.
1194
01:13:24,150 --> 01:13:26,945
They never said anything
about Cuba."
1195
01:13:26,986 --> 01:13:30,531
"But how did they speak?
1196
01:13:30,532 --> 01:13:33,992
I said, "The same as everyone else"
1197
01:13:33,993 --> 01:13:36,995
"But did they have an accent?"
1198
01:13:36,996 --> 01:13:40,999
"Sure, but they spoke normal enough.
1199
01:13:41,000 --> 01:13:44,002
Cariocas have a different accent,
but they spoke normal."
1200
01:13:44,003 --> 01:13:47,632
And the other one says,
"They probably were Cariocas.
1201
01:13:47,674 --> 01:13:52,177
They probably were, because Cariocas
have an accent, don't they, Lieutenant?"
1202
01:13:52,178 --> 01:13:54,680
I said, "Yeah, they sounded normal."
1203
01:13:54,681 --> 01:13:58,016
"Did they talk to you? Did you
understand what they said?"
1204
01:13:58,017 --> 01:14:01,103
"Of course. Everything."
1205
01:14:01,104 --> 01:14:04,523
Then, he said, "All right, then!
1206
01:14:04,524 --> 01:14:08,068
Now you'll show me
where the guns are!"
1207
01:14:08,069 --> 01:14:11,613
I said, "There are only two farmers
who have those.
1208
01:14:11,614 --> 01:14:15,367
"One is a gentleman
from Bento Velho mill...
1209
01:14:15,368 --> 01:14:18,621
"and the other is Lourival Pedroso
from the Gameleira mill.
1210
01:14:18,705 --> 01:14:23,709
He has a lot of those!
He's a cangaceiro! A big farmer."
1211
01:14:23,710 --> 01:14:27,379
He said, "But those are his!
Those guns are his!
1212
01:14:27,380 --> 01:14:31,342
"Show me yours! Julião told me
you had 20,000 guns
1213
01:14:31,426 --> 01:14:35,220
"for you to start a revolution,
do you hear?
1214
01:14:35,221 --> 01:14:39,016
"And the communists were filming
here for the revolution.
1215
01:14:39,017 --> 01:14:41,560
Show me the guns!"
1216
01:14:41,561 --> 01:14:44,563
Then he got rough.
He started to get mad.
1217
01:14:44,564 --> 01:14:48,692
I said, "Colonel, there are
no Cubans or communists here.
1218
01:14:48,693 --> 01:14:52,696
"There are people who are
hungry, sick, suffering!
1219
01:14:52,697 --> 01:14:56,283
"I'm sick myself!
Do you hear me?
1220
01:14:56,284 --> 01:14:59,703
"People round here need
food and medicines,
1221
01:14:59,704 --> 01:15:02,415
freedom and land to work on!"
1222
01:15:03,541 --> 01:15:07,252
He said, "Hell, tomorrow I'll bring
some medicine.
1223
01:15:07,253 --> 01:15:11,089
"Tell everybody. Tell the people
who are hiding in the woods,
1224
01:15:11,090 --> 01:15:14,552
"to come see me, and I'll give
them medicine and talk to them.
1225
01:15:14,636 --> 01:15:17,387
Go get João Virgínio!"
1226
01:15:17,388 --> 01:15:21,058
I said, "I don't know
where João is."
1227
01:15:21,059 --> 01:15:24,061
I turned myself in.
1228
01:15:24,062 --> 01:15:27,314
I was hiding for seven days.
I couldn't go anywhere.
1229
01:15:27,315 --> 01:15:30,359
I had to turn myself in.
1230
01:15:30,360 --> 01:15:32,986
After I had spent...
1231
01:15:32,987 --> 01:15:35,697
eight days with the 4th Army...
1232
01:15:35,698 --> 01:15:38,951
on April 15th...
1233
01:15:38,952 --> 01:15:43,455
when Castelo Branco became President,
1234
01:15:43,456 --> 01:15:46,876
they took me to the Department
of Public Safety.
1235
01:15:46,960 --> 01:15:49,253
They wanted me to make a statement.
1236
01:15:49,254 --> 01:15:53,298
Before that, two police beat me up.
1237
01:15:53,299 --> 01:15:56,510
Two other leaders
from Galileia were arrested
1238
01:15:56,511 --> 01:15:58,680
in the first two weeks of April.
1239
01:15:58,972 --> 01:16:02,267
Zezé da Galileia was
released after three months.
1240
01:16:02,350 --> 01:16:05,978
Severino Gomes da Silva,
also known as Rosário,
1241
01:16:05,979 --> 01:16:10,107
old Zezé's foster son,
spent 45 days in prison.
1242
01:16:10,108 --> 01:16:13,987
I used to produce
on this land where I'm standing.
1243
01:16:17,490 --> 01:16:20,993
Half a truckload of produce
every week!
1244
01:16:20,994 --> 01:16:25,081
The Army took me and threw me in jail,
1245
01:16:25,164 --> 01:16:29,543
I was blinded in one eye.
I lost the hearing in one ear.
1246
01:16:29,544 --> 01:16:32,671
After another beating
my heart gave out.
1247
01:16:32,672 --> 01:16:36,174
I spent six years in prison.
1248
01:16:36,175 --> 01:16:39,637
What good was I to the nation
behind bars?
1249
01:16:42,223 --> 01:16:44,975
They took my watch,
1250
01:16:44,976 --> 01:16:48,395
a belt, and my money.
1251
01:16:48,396 --> 01:16:51,273
They took my jeep as well,
1252
01:16:51,274 --> 01:16:55,028
They took my jeep. It's behind City Hall
in Vitória, at the police station.
1253
01:16:55,111 --> 01:16:58,113
They never gave it back to me.
1254
01:16:58,114 --> 01:17:01,575
Call that a revolution?
Put me in jail,
1255
01:17:01,576 --> 01:17:05,370
my children left hungry?
They took my jeep.
1256
01:17:05,371 --> 01:17:09,082
They took my documents.
They took everything.
1257
01:17:09,083 --> 01:17:12,586
Why should the Army do this to me?
1258
01:17:12,587 --> 01:17:16,340
It would be better if they'd
shot me, instead of doing that.
1259
01:17:16,341 --> 01:17:19,343
I'm angrier than I was before.
1260
01:17:19,344 --> 01:17:22,847
They left my children to starve,
1261
01:17:22,930 --> 01:17:25,974
and me in jail,
beaten up and tortured.
1262
01:17:25,975 --> 01:17:29,227
I spent 24 hours
in a tank full of shit
1263
01:17:29,228 --> 01:17:30,521
and piss up to the waist!
1264
01:17:30,605 --> 01:17:32,606
There were turds this big!
1265
01:17:32,607 --> 01:17:35,233
The stench...!
1266
01:17:35,234 --> 01:17:38,236
It was a tiny space... and I was...
1267
01:17:38,237 --> 01:17:41,573
I'd spend an hour like this,
another hour like that,
1268
01:17:41,574 --> 01:17:45,243
another hour like this,
another hour like that.
1269
01:17:45,244 --> 01:17:48,413
I was standing for 24 hours.
Only the Devil could bear it!
1270
01:17:48,414 --> 01:17:53,085
Spending 24 hours
standing in a tank of shit.
1271
01:17:53,086 --> 01:17:56,005
Only Satan...
1272
01:17:56,089 --> 01:17:57,590
I can't believe I'm alive,
1273
01:17:57,632 --> 01:18:01,134
because I never thought a man like me
1274
01:18:01,135 --> 01:18:04,222
could take as many
electric shocks as I did!
1275
01:18:13,898 --> 01:18:15,608
But there's nothing better...
1276
01:18:15,900 --> 01:18:18,528
there's nothing better than days
with a night in between.
1277
01:18:18,611 --> 01:18:21,447
Our Lord Jesus Christ will protect us.
1278
01:18:21,531 --> 01:18:25,283
The grace of God is poured
upon us, hour after hour.
1279
01:18:25,284 --> 01:18:28,995
I trust in God,
because of this misery...
1280
01:18:28,996 --> 01:18:32,541
One day, people will have
to realise who they are.
1281
01:18:32,542 --> 01:18:36,546
We can't stay trampled down forever.
1282
01:18:36,629 --> 01:18:40,507
Condemned to
ten and a half years in prison,
1283
01:18:40,508 --> 01:18:43,635
João Virgínio was released in 1970
1284
01:18:43,636 --> 01:18:47,056
after serving six years
of his sentence.
1285
01:18:52,520 --> 01:18:56,482
Recife's House of Detention
was shut down
1286
01:18:56,524 --> 01:19:01,487
and became a Cultural Centre in 1976.
1287
01:19:17,628 --> 01:19:20,590
On April 3rd, 1964,
1288
01:19:20,882 --> 01:19:23,967
one week before
João Virgínio was arrested,
1289
01:19:23,968 --> 01:19:26,553
Elizabeth Teixeira fled Galileia
1290
01:19:26,554 --> 01:19:29,973
with the film crew
and travelled to Recife.
1291
01:19:29,974 --> 01:19:32,058
Unable to return to Sapé
1292
01:19:32,059 --> 01:19:34,519
or stay in Recife,
or she would be arrested,
1293
01:19:34,520 --> 01:19:37,522
she decided to hide
in Manuel Serafim's house,
1294
01:19:37,523 --> 01:19:39,901
in Jaboatão.
1295
01:19:39,984 --> 01:19:43,528
Our assistant director Vladimir
Carvalho, took her there.
1296
01:19:43,529 --> 01:19:47,032
Elizabeth changed her name to Marta,
1297
01:19:47,033 --> 01:19:50,243
pretended to be
Manuel Serafim's sister-in-law,
1298
01:19:50,244 --> 01:19:52,662
and never left the house.
1299
01:19:52,663 --> 01:19:54,664
Two months later,
1300
01:19:54,665 --> 01:19:58,168
she turned herself in
to the authorities in Paraíba.
1301
01:19:58,169 --> 01:20:00,420
Did they treat you well?
1302
01:20:00,421 --> 01:20:02,422
Yes. The Army treated me well.
1303
01:20:02,423 --> 01:20:04,966
Did they ask you about Cuba?
1304
01:20:04,967 --> 01:20:06,092
They did.
1305
01:20:06,093 --> 01:20:08,595
And what did you say?
1306
01:20:08,596 --> 01:20:12,390
I said I went to visit my son there.
1307
01:20:12,391 --> 01:20:15,393
He had received a scholarship,
1308
01:20:15,394 --> 01:20:19,231
from the Cuban government,
1309
01:20:19,232 --> 01:20:23,527
and they had sent me an invitation...
1310
01:20:23,528 --> 01:20:26,696
to visit my son.
1311
01:20:26,697 --> 01:20:30,368
And this is why I was in Cuba.
1312
01:20:32,578 --> 01:20:35,580
Did they accuse you
of leading land occupations?
1313
01:20:35,581 --> 01:20:36,581
They did.
1314
01:20:36,582 --> 01:20:41,294
I wasn't leading any occupations.
1315
01:20:41,295 --> 01:20:44,464
People occupied land
because there were clashes
1316
01:20:44,465 --> 01:20:47,217
between the owner and tenant.
1317
01:20:47,218 --> 01:20:51,429
No owner wants the tenant
to have any rights.
1318
01:20:51,430 --> 01:20:55,767
He wants him bound and gagged.
1319
01:20:55,768 --> 01:21:00,481
So the tenant has to take
matters into their own hands.
1320
01:21:02,233 --> 01:21:05,110
After four months in prison,
Elizabeth was released,
1321
01:21:05,111 --> 01:21:07,112
and went back to Sapé.
1322
01:21:07,113 --> 01:21:10,073
Fearing for her safety, she went
back to her father's house,
1323
01:21:10,074 --> 01:21:13,118
where her children
had already been taken.
1324
01:21:13,119 --> 01:21:17,206
Then, the police
started to persecute me.
1325
01:21:17,290 --> 01:21:19,584
The police came to get me again.
1326
01:21:19,667 --> 01:21:23,045
- This was at your father's house?
- At Dad's house.
1327
01:21:23,129 --> 01:21:27,132
Then, the police came back to take me.
1328
01:21:27,133 --> 01:21:30,219
They wanted to take me back
to their headquarters,
1329
01:21:30,303 --> 01:21:34,431
where I could be tortured
or even killed.
1330
01:21:34,432 --> 01:21:39,060
So, I thought about it a lot,
and I turned to my dad.
1331
01:21:39,061 --> 01:21:42,522
I said, "Dad I can't go
with so many policemen.
1332
01:21:42,523 --> 01:21:46,611
"Since they're saying
they're friends of yours,
1333
01:21:46,694 --> 01:21:50,447
"make them go away
1334
01:21:50,448 --> 01:21:53,575
and tell them
I'll turn myself in tomorrow."
1335
01:21:53,576 --> 01:21:55,410
I was sick.
1336
01:21:55,411 --> 01:21:58,288
Dad spoke to Colonel Luís de Barros...
1337
01:21:58,289 --> 01:22:02,500
and said I couldn't go.
1338
01:22:02,501 --> 01:22:06,963
He guaranteed I'd go
there the next day.
1339
01:22:06,964 --> 01:22:10,216
So they took his word for it
1340
01:22:10,217 --> 01:22:12,887
that I would go the next day.
1341
01:22:12,970 --> 01:22:15,472
The next day I couldn't do it.
1342
01:22:15,473 --> 01:22:18,558
I took the car and told Dad
that I was going to see them,
1343
01:22:18,559 --> 01:22:21,686
but I couldn't do it. I knew
I'd be tortured,
1344
01:22:21,687 --> 01:22:25,608
or even killed,
like Alfredo and the boy.
1345
01:22:25,691 --> 01:22:28,693
In September, 1964,
1346
01:22:28,694 --> 01:22:31,529
shortly after Elizabeth's release,
1347
01:22:31,530 --> 01:22:34,074
João Alfredo Dias,
also known as Nêgo Fuba,
1348
01:22:34,075 --> 01:22:37,035
and Pedro Inácio de Araújo,
also known as Pedro Fazendeiro,
1349
01:22:37,036 --> 01:22:41,414
founders of the Sapé League,
vanished after leaving prison.
1350
01:22:41,415 --> 01:22:44,376
They were never found.
1351
01:22:44,377 --> 01:22:47,588
Three days later the newspaper said
1352
01:22:47,672 --> 01:22:50,508
two mutilated corpses had been found
1353
01:22:50,591 --> 01:22:53,051
by a roadside in Paraíba.
1354
01:22:53,052 --> 01:22:55,554
According to the newspaper,
they were two criminals
1355
01:22:55,638 --> 01:22:58,306
who'd been killed by the Death Squad.
1356
01:22:58,307 --> 01:23:00,558
The bodies were never identified.
1357
01:23:00,559 --> 01:23:03,561
Did your father
help you all this time?
1358
01:23:03,562 --> 01:23:06,606
No. I don't even know
if they're still alive.
1359
01:23:06,607 --> 01:23:09,317
I don't know if they're still alive.
1360
01:23:09,318 --> 01:23:11,946
Why didn't he help you?
1361
01:23:11,988 --> 01:23:14,656
I really don't know. I don't know.
1362
01:23:14,657 --> 01:23:17,534
It's better not to know.
1363
01:23:17,535 --> 01:23:21,079
Didn't he help to bring up the children?
1364
01:23:21,080 --> 01:23:22,665
He did.
1365
01:23:22,915 --> 01:23:26,418
- He raised two of my brothers.
- He raised two of them?
1366
01:23:26,419 --> 01:23:29,212
We still don't know where they are.
1367
01:23:29,213 --> 01:23:31,590
- But will you try to now?
- Exactly.
1368
01:23:31,674 --> 01:23:34,676
From now on we tell everything.
1369
01:23:34,677 --> 01:23:38,555
Makes things easier. I want to
try and find the rest of the family.
1370
01:23:38,556 --> 01:23:40,474
You'll try?
1371
01:23:44,937 --> 01:23:48,481
Why did you choose to keep
Carlos especially?
1372
01:23:48,482 --> 01:23:50,693
Well, you see...
1373
01:23:50,943 --> 01:23:55,488
Dad didn't want to keep him,
1374
01:23:55,489 --> 01:23:58,616
because he found him
too much like João Pedro.
1375
01:23:58,617 --> 01:24:00,994
He said he wouldn't have him.
1376
01:24:00,995 --> 01:24:03,288
Is he like him?
1377
01:24:03,289 --> 01:24:05,583
Yes, he is.
1378
01:24:11,255 --> 01:24:14,632
In 1962, the persecution
wasn't limited
1379
01:24:14,633 --> 01:24:16,634
to João Pedro and Elizabeth.
1380
01:24:16,635 --> 01:24:20,430
Three months after
João Pedro's murder,
1381
01:24:20,431 --> 01:24:22,974
Paulo Pedro, one of his children,
1382
01:24:22,975 --> 01:24:25,435
was mysteriously attacked.
1383
01:24:25,436 --> 01:24:29,397
What happened to Paulo?
What was the attack about?
1384
01:24:29,398 --> 01:24:33,026
The attack...?
It was one of the thugs
1385
01:24:33,027 --> 01:24:35,237
who worked for the estate owner.
1386
01:24:35,321 --> 01:24:38,156
The same ones who killed João Pedro.
1387
01:24:38,157 --> 01:24:41,034
- What did they do?
- They shot him.
1388
01:24:41,035 --> 01:24:43,996
- They shot him?
- In the forehead. Out in the fields.
1389
01:24:44,038 --> 01:24:47,040
- Was he badly hurt?
- He was.
1390
01:24:47,041 --> 01:24:50,585
I don't know if he's still alive.
1391
01:24:50,586 --> 01:24:54,047
- You never saw him again?
- No, never.
1392
01:24:54,048 --> 01:24:58,469
- You don't know where he is?
- No, I don't. I haven't heard any news.
1393
01:25:01,013 --> 01:25:03,307
What about your daughter, Marluce?
What happened to her?
1394
01:25:03,390 --> 01:25:08,228
Marluce took poison and died.
1395
01:25:08,229 --> 01:25:10,231
Was it because of her father's death?
1396
01:25:10,314 --> 01:25:15,026
Yes. She said that
after her father was killed,
1397
01:25:15,027 --> 01:25:18,947
she hadn't had a single
day of happiness.
1398
01:25:18,948 --> 01:25:21,366
Not even for a day.
1399
01:25:21,367 --> 01:25:24,077
The girl was always upset.
1400
01:25:24,078 --> 01:25:27,580
She said she always felt that pain...
1401
01:25:27,581 --> 01:25:31,210
and it got to that awful point.
1402
01:25:33,212 --> 01:25:37,508
In December, 1962, eight months
after João Pedro's death,
1403
01:25:37,591 --> 01:25:40,677
Marluce Teixeira, the eldest daughter,
1404
01:25:40,678 --> 01:25:43,889
committed suicide
by arsenic poisoning.
1405
01:25:45,057 --> 01:25:47,600
"Young Woman Commits Suicide
with Strong Dose of Arsenic"
1406
01:25:47,601 --> 01:25:50,353
"Marluce was the daughter
of the late João Pedro Teixeira.
1407
01:25:50,354 --> 01:25:52,564
She was 18 years old."
1408
01:25:52,565 --> 01:25:55,316
When did you meet your first brother?
1409
01:25:55,317 --> 01:25:58,111
I met him in 1978.
1410
01:25:58,112 --> 01:26:02,073
In 1978, I went there and --
1411
01:26:02,074 --> 01:26:05,577
- Where?
- To Patos, trying to look for him.
1412
01:26:05,578 --> 01:26:08,246
- Abraão?
- Abraão.
1413
01:26:08,247 --> 01:26:12,251
- You don't know the other eight?
- No, I don't know any of them.
1414
01:26:13,335 --> 01:26:17,130
- How are you know here?
- Marta Maria da Costa.
1415
01:26:17,131 --> 01:26:18,631
Even legally.
1416
01:26:18,632 --> 01:26:20,967
Marta Maria da Costa.
1417
01:26:20,968 --> 01:26:21,635
Why did you choose "Marta"?
1418
01:26:21,636 --> 01:26:25,096
Because it sounded like martyr...
1419
01:26:25,097 --> 01:26:27,348
The name of someone who had suffered.
1420
01:26:27,349 --> 01:26:29,601
And that suited me.
1421
01:26:29,602 --> 01:26:33,438
But after this film, you'll go back
into the world, won't you?
1422
01:26:33,439 --> 01:26:36,650
I will. I'll go back out into
the world again.
1423
01:26:36,942 --> 01:26:40,153
The neighbours,
everyone knows who I am...
1424
01:26:40,154 --> 01:26:43,281
that I'm in Rio Grande do Norte...
1425
01:26:43,282 --> 01:26:46,660
Now I'll get back in touch
with my old friends...
1426
01:26:46,952 --> 01:26:50,288
Find my children, my parents...
1427
01:26:50,289 --> 01:26:52,290
Will you visit your parents?
1428
01:26:52,291 --> 01:26:55,960
Yes! Mostly because my children
are somewhere out there!
1429
01:26:55,961 --> 01:26:59,088
I know my children are there,
and I must find them, right?
1430
01:26:59,089 --> 01:27:01,090
How could I not?
1431
01:27:01,091 --> 01:27:04,302
In the first week of April, 1964,
1432
01:27:04,303 --> 01:27:07,639
eight of Elizabeth's
children were shared out
1433
01:27:07,640 --> 01:27:11,184
among grandparents and aunts.
1434
01:27:11,185 --> 01:27:14,270
Abraão stayed in the capital,
where he was studying.
1435
01:27:14,271 --> 01:27:17,191
Isaac went to Cuba in 1963
1436
01:27:17,274 --> 01:27:19,902
with a scholarship
from the Cuban government.
1437
01:27:22,071 --> 01:27:25,365
15 days after my meeting with
Elizabeth,
1438
01:27:25,366 --> 01:27:28,369
I went to Sapé to try
to retrace the past.
1439
01:27:34,375 --> 01:27:36,542
A few miles from the town
1440
01:27:36,543 --> 01:27:38,963
next to where João Pedro was murdered,
1441
01:27:39,004 --> 01:27:41,464
a stone monument with an iron
cross and a bronze plaque,
1442
01:27:41,465 --> 01:27:43,967
built in his memory,
1443
01:27:43,968 --> 01:27:46,678
was blown up in early April, 1964.
1444
01:27:46,679 --> 01:27:49,222
The bronze plaque said,
1445
01:27:49,223 --> 01:27:52,393
"Here lies João Pedro Teixeira,
martyr for agrarian reform."
1446
01:27:54,228 --> 01:27:56,646
In fact, João Pedro's body
1447
01:27:56,647 --> 01:27:59,023
is buried in the Sapé cemetery,
1448
01:27:59,024 --> 01:28:01,567
in an unmarked grave.
1449
01:28:01,568 --> 01:28:04,904
João Pedro was born
in a nearby town, Guarabira,
1450
01:28:04,905 --> 01:28:07,490
and his father died
when he was very young.
1451
01:28:07,491 --> 01:28:10,243
Little is known about his youth.
1452
01:28:10,244 --> 01:28:14,039
There are no pictures
of João Pedro alive.
1453
01:28:27,553 --> 01:28:31,389
The house where
João Pedro lived his last days
1454
01:28:31,390 --> 01:28:33,517
looks deserted.
1455
01:28:37,980 --> 01:28:40,481
After the founding of the Sapé League,
1456
01:28:40,482 --> 01:28:43,401
Elizabeth's father,
Manuel Justino da Costa,
1457
01:28:43,402 --> 01:28:46,404
a small landowner,
had a quarrel with João Pedro
1458
01:28:46,405 --> 01:28:49,240
and sold his farm to a businessman.
1459
01:28:49,241 --> 01:28:51,993
Threatened with eviction,
1460
01:28:51,994 --> 01:28:54,495
João Pedro fought a legal battle...
1461
01:28:54,496 --> 01:28:57,415
for the right to live there,
1462
01:28:57,416 --> 01:29:00,377
or receive compensation
for the repairs and crops.
1463
01:29:01,503 --> 01:29:04,964
After his death, Elizabeth
was allowed to keep the farm,
1464
01:29:04,965 --> 01:29:07,426
but stopped talking to her father.
1465
01:29:14,016 --> 01:29:19,312
In 1981, 17 years
after Elizabeth's escape,
1466
01:29:19,313 --> 01:29:22,148
her children didn't know
where she was hiding,
1467
01:29:22,149 --> 01:29:25,611
let alone whether
she was dead or alive.
1468
01:29:26,653 --> 01:29:29,322
Not far from João Pedro's house
1469
01:29:29,323 --> 01:29:32,241
we looked for his daughter,
Maria das Neves Altina Teixeira,
1470
01:29:32,242 --> 01:29:34,619
also known as Nevinha.
1471
01:29:34,620 --> 01:29:38,414
We only knew she was married
and she taught local children
1472
01:29:38,415 --> 01:29:42,127
less than 600 yards from where
João Pedro was murdered.
1473
01:29:44,338 --> 01:29:48,007
How long is it since you
saw your mother?
1474
01:29:48,008 --> 01:29:50,968
Erm... a long time.
1475
01:29:50,969 --> 01:29:54,431
15... maybe 12 years.
1476
01:29:54,473 --> 01:29:57,517
And do you miss her?
1477
01:29:57,518 --> 01:29:59,977
Of course I do.
She's my mum.
1478
01:29:59,978 --> 01:30:02,522
What about your brothers,
Abraão and Carlos?
1479
01:30:02,523 --> 01:30:05,983
We haven't seen either of them.
1480
01:30:05,984 --> 01:30:08,654
The others are nearer.
1481
01:30:10,656 --> 01:30:13,282
Did you know your father, João Pedro?
1482
01:30:13,283 --> 01:30:17,454
I did! I was six or seven
years old when he died.
1483
01:30:17,538 --> 01:30:20,289
- Do you remember him?
- Not very well.
1484
01:30:20,290 --> 01:30:22,291
- Is this your daughter?
- Yes.
1485
01:30:22,292 --> 01:30:24,001
What's her name?
1486
01:30:24,002 --> 01:30:26,505
Juliana Elizabeth
Teixeira do Nascimento.
1487
01:30:26,547 --> 01:30:28,548
She has "Elizabeth" in her name.
1488
01:30:28,549 --> 01:30:30,174
Yes. Juliana Elizabeth.
1489
01:30:30,175 --> 01:30:32,970
- Why, Elizabeth?
- It's my mother's name.
1490
01:30:36,306 --> 01:30:38,683
And where can we meet
Peta, your brother?
1491
01:30:38,684 --> 01:30:42,186
Peta? At my grandfather's, by the
flour house. Do you know where that is?
1492
01:30:42,187 --> 01:30:44,689
If we go there,
would your grandfather let us in?
1493
01:30:44,690 --> 01:30:47,692
Well, my grandfather's a
bit funny about that sort of thing.
1494
01:30:47,693 --> 01:30:49,569
The other day...
1495
01:30:49,570 --> 01:30:52,196
some people came by in a car.
1496
01:30:52,197 --> 01:30:56,994
I don't know if they were
cattle rustlers, you know?
1497
01:30:57,035 --> 01:31:00,288
All I know is, that they came by
every day, every week.
1498
01:31:00,289 --> 01:31:02,290
He was quite...
many people round here thought...
1499
01:31:02,291 --> 01:31:05,042
He didn't... the family
didn't think that...
1500
01:31:05,043 --> 01:31:06,961
But people started saying,
1501
01:31:06,962 --> 01:31:09,630
"It may be Elizabeth
trying to kill you."
1502
01:31:09,631 --> 01:31:12,216
A lot of people thought so.
1503
01:31:12,217 --> 01:31:15,219
Then he got it into his head.
He's old.
1504
01:31:15,220 --> 01:31:19,223
He thought she was trying
to kill him, steal from him.
1505
01:31:19,224 --> 01:31:23,102
But they came...
I think they were cattle rustlers.
1506
01:31:23,103 --> 01:31:26,647
Manoel Justino and João Pedro
Teixeira Jr, known as Peta,
1507
01:31:26,648 --> 01:31:28,649
agreed to be filmed.
1508
01:31:28,650 --> 01:31:31,402
But Elizabeth's father
soon changed his mind
1509
01:31:31,403 --> 01:31:33,654
and went into the house.
1510
01:31:33,655 --> 01:31:35,656
Your grandfather raised you?
1511
01:31:35,657 --> 01:31:38,534
Since I was a little boy.
My mother went away.
1512
01:31:38,535 --> 01:31:43,122
He brought the whole family here.
1513
01:31:43,123 --> 01:31:46,667
Then an uncle came and took one of us,
and another agreed to take another.
1514
01:31:46,668 --> 01:31:48,669
Everybody in the family
helped raise us.
1515
01:31:48,670 --> 01:31:51,547
If it weren't for them,
we would have died.
1516
01:31:51,548 --> 01:31:54,550
Because 12 children
in one house... starving...
1517
01:31:54,551 --> 01:31:57,261
If it hadn't been for the family...?
1518
01:31:57,262 --> 01:31:59,555
Everybody took someone,
1519
01:31:59,556 --> 01:32:02,184
and three of us stayed at home.
1520
01:32:02,267 --> 01:32:05,478
I'm still here, and the two
girls went off to Rio.
1521
01:32:05,479 --> 01:32:08,147
But we're alive, thanks to the family.
1522
01:32:08,148 --> 01:32:09,482
If it weren't for them...
1523
01:32:09,483 --> 01:32:12,109
But even so, I don't hate my mum.
1524
01:32:12,110 --> 01:32:14,654
I want to see her, whenever she comes.
1525
01:32:14,655 --> 01:32:17,658
I'll go wherever she might be.
1526
01:32:17,950 --> 01:32:20,451
Do you have a picture of your father?
1527
01:32:20,452 --> 01:32:24,080
I don't. Nor of my mother.
I don't remember anything.
1528
01:32:24,081 --> 01:32:26,624
I was four years old.
Four years old...
1529
01:32:26,625 --> 01:32:29,335
You were two years old
when your father died.
1530
01:32:29,336 --> 01:32:32,004
No. I was four years old.
1531
01:32:32,005 --> 01:32:35,007
I was born in 1960.
They killed him in 1964.
1532
01:32:35,008 --> 01:32:38,302
No. He died in 1962.
1533
01:32:38,303 --> 01:32:40,597
He died... I thought
it was in 1964.
1534
01:32:40,681 --> 01:32:44,684
I was little. I don't remember.
I hear people talk.
1535
01:32:44,685 --> 01:32:47,436
You rebuilt your father's memorial?
1536
01:32:47,437 --> 01:32:49,606
I have. I made him a new cross.
1537
01:32:49,690 --> 01:32:52,441
Because they destroyed it, right?
1538
01:32:52,442 --> 01:32:54,443
I'm the only one here...
1539
01:32:54,444 --> 01:32:58,155
I thought I'll do it for him,
as his son. That's what I should do.
1540
01:32:58,156 --> 01:33:01,325
Because they can't do it.
I can make another one.
1541
01:33:01,326 --> 01:33:05,037
I said I would make it because
I wanted to remember him.
1542
01:33:05,038 --> 01:33:08,541
I knew where he died.
My family told me where it was.
1543
01:33:08,542 --> 01:33:11,043
So I made a new one.
1544
01:33:11,044 --> 01:33:13,964
And I lit a candle and all that.
1545
01:33:15,549 --> 01:33:18,175
Why didn't Manoel want
to have his picture taken?
1546
01:33:18,176 --> 01:33:20,679
Because he's 84 years old.
1547
01:33:20,929 --> 01:33:23,640
He doesn't think
like young people like us.
1548
01:33:23,932 --> 01:33:25,642
Eventually, we persuaded,
1549
01:33:25,934 --> 01:33:28,477
Manoel Justino
to come out and talk to us.
1550
01:33:28,478 --> 01:33:30,981
You never got on with João Pedro,
did you?
1551
01:33:31,064 --> 01:33:32,649
No.
1552
01:33:32,941 --> 01:33:36,193
I didn't ask him.
But he came here.
1553
01:33:36,194 --> 01:33:38,155
I gave him some advice,
1554
01:33:38,196 --> 01:33:40,699
but he wouldn't listen...
1555
01:33:42,576 --> 01:33:45,578
- And you never got on with him?
- Never.
1556
01:33:45,579 --> 01:33:48,497
But he was a good husband, wasn't he?
1557
01:33:48,498 --> 01:33:50,542
Yes...
1558
01:33:51,585 --> 01:33:54,378
In the end, he became my enemy.
1559
01:33:54,379 --> 01:33:57,089
He said that if I ever went...
1560
01:33:57,090 --> 01:33:59,593
if I ever set foot on his land
there would be trouble.
1561
01:33:59,635 --> 01:34:02,094
- Who said that?
- He did! Her husband.
1562
01:34:02,095 --> 01:34:04,096
- João Pedro?
- Yes.
1563
01:34:04,097 --> 01:34:08,143
He said I'd better not meddle.
1564
01:34:10,228 --> 01:34:12,229
I'd better get back to work.
1565
01:34:12,230 --> 01:34:14,106
Thank you! See you later!
1566
01:34:14,107 --> 01:34:16,233
Throughout the conversation,
1567
01:34:16,234 --> 01:34:19,571
Elizabeth's father never
once said João Pedro's name.
1568
01:34:21,406 --> 01:34:24,116
Still a working man at 84,
1569
01:34:24,117 --> 01:34:27,162
Manoel Justino has a small flour mill,
1570
01:34:27,245 --> 01:34:30,247
and goes out every day
to buy wood and cassavas
1571
01:34:30,248 --> 01:34:32,541
from nearby farms.
1572
01:34:32,542 --> 01:34:36,588
João Pedro Teixeira Jr helps by
driving his grandfather around.
1573
01:34:39,633 --> 01:34:42,426
Not far from here,
1574
01:34:42,427 --> 01:34:46,348
on Manoel Justino's land,
João Pedro was murdered.
1575
01:34:48,433 --> 01:34:52,019
Back in the League, Elizabeth
marched down this road,
1576
01:34:52,020 --> 01:34:54,397
leading peasant demonstrations
1577
01:34:54,398 --> 01:34:56,233
to her husband's memorial.
1578
01:34:59,277 --> 01:35:04,281
Caxias, Baixada Fluminense,
in Rio de Janeiro State.
1579
01:35:04,282 --> 01:35:07,284
October, 1981.
1580
01:35:07,285 --> 01:35:11,081
Eight months after
filming with Elizabeth.
1581
01:35:17,003 --> 01:35:19,547
Please, is Marta in?
1582
01:35:19,548 --> 01:35:21,298
I'm Marta.
1583
01:35:21,299 --> 01:35:23,551
I'm a friend of your --
1584
01:35:23,552 --> 01:35:25,302
My mother's.
1585
01:35:25,303 --> 01:35:27,931
- So, you've heard?
- Kind of...
1586
01:35:29,141 --> 01:35:31,643
This is her picture.
1587
01:35:31,685 --> 01:35:34,312
Is there any light in here?
1588
01:35:35,689 --> 01:35:37,690
This is her...
1589
01:35:37,691 --> 01:35:41,569
This is your brother, Carlos.
Do you remember him?
1590
01:35:41,570 --> 01:35:43,320
I do.
1591
01:35:43,321 --> 01:35:46,323
This is in Rio Grande do Norte.
We went to see her there.
1592
01:35:46,324 --> 01:35:49,119
Here she is washing
her clothes in the river.
1593
01:35:49,161 --> 01:35:51,162
This is her...
1594
01:35:51,163 --> 01:35:53,706
She sends you a big hug.
1595
01:35:53,707 --> 01:35:56,459
She's coming to see you.
1596
01:35:56,460 --> 01:36:00,921
She's probably gone to look for
your brothers. Take a look!
1597
01:36:00,922 --> 01:36:03,591
Carlos as well...
1598
01:36:03,592 --> 01:36:06,594
- Abraão, Carlos.
- Uh-huh!
1599
01:36:06,595 --> 01:36:08,513
And this is your mum.
1600
01:36:11,933 --> 01:36:14,144
Yeah, I remember her well.
1601
01:36:15,479 --> 01:36:19,065
This is when we were filming her.
1602
01:36:29,201 --> 01:36:31,202
When did you come to Rio?
1603
01:36:31,203 --> 01:36:33,204
I came to Rio in 1971.
1604
01:36:33,205 --> 01:36:35,498
- 1971?
- Yeah...!
1605
01:36:35,499 --> 01:36:38,083
And you never went back?
1606
01:36:38,084 --> 01:36:41,378
I was there... I think
it was five years ago.
1607
01:36:41,379 --> 01:36:44,215
And are you in touch
with any of the people in Sapé?
1608
01:36:44,216 --> 01:36:45,966
No! No, no...
1609
01:36:45,967 --> 01:36:48,636
- Don't they write?
- I'm the one who --
1610
01:36:48,637 --> 01:36:50,638
You won't say where you are?
1611
01:36:50,639 --> 01:36:52,640
I cut myself off.
1612
01:36:52,641 --> 01:36:54,309
Why?
1613
01:36:54,392 --> 01:36:57,144
You see, the family...
when you most need them --
1614
01:36:57,145 --> 01:36:59,230
They never helped you...?
1615
01:36:59,231 --> 01:37:02,483
That's when they didn't help.
Especially my brothers.
1616
01:37:02,484 --> 01:37:04,485
I don't hold a grudge against them.
1617
01:37:04,486 --> 01:37:07,947
I don't, but...
when I needed them the most...
1618
01:37:07,948 --> 01:37:10,491
they weren't there for me.
1619
01:37:10,492 --> 01:37:13,244
Especially my mother's parents.
1620
01:37:13,245 --> 01:37:16,247
- They didn't help you?
- No.
1621
01:37:16,248 --> 01:37:18,624
They have some money, don't they?
1622
01:37:18,625 --> 01:37:21,878
Yeah, my family does,
except my mother.
1623
01:37:21,962 --> 01:37:24,505
But you don't hold a grudge
against your mum, do you?
1624
01:37:24,506 --> 01:37:26,507
No, I don't.
1625
01:37:26,508 --> 01:37:30,511
Despite her having handed
me over to my grandma...
1626
01:37:30,512 --> 01:37:34,265
Despite all that, I don't
hold a grudge against her.
1627
01:37:34,266 --> 01:37:36,267
Why did she hand you over
to your grandma?
1628
01:37:36,268 --> 01:37:38,978
I don't know. I really don't.
1629
01:37:38,979 --> 01:37:41,397
There's twelve of us, right?
1630
01:37:41,398 --> 01:37:45,526
Twelve of us... twelve of us and
I'm the only one she gave away.
1631
01:37:45,527 --> 01:37:47,987
I wasn't even...
1632
01:37:47,988 --> 01:37:50,406
Do you remember
your father, João Pedro?
1633
01:37:50,407 --> 01:37:52,992
I do... I do...
1634
01:37:52,993 --> 01:37:55,286
He was...
1635
01:37:55,287 --> 01:37:58,582
I adored him.
Not just because he was killed.
1636
01:38:00,250 --> 01:38:03,377
I adore my mother too.
I bear no grudges, really.
1637
01:38:03,378 --> 01:38:05,379
God forbid! Never!
1638
01:38:05,380 --> 01:38:09,342
I love her! Whenever she
comes, I'll be glad to see her.
1639
01:38:10,260 --> 01:38:14,263
But after this film, you'll go back
into the world, won't you?
1640
01:38:14,264 --> 01:38:16,974
I will. I'll go back out into
the world again.
1641
01:38:16,975 --> 01:38:21,103
The neighbours,
everyone knows who I am...
1642
01:38:21,104 --> 01:38:24,106
that I'm in Rio Grande do Norte...
1643
01:38:24,107 --> 01:38:27,234
Now I'll get back in touch
with my old friends...
1644
01:38:27,235 --> 01:38:29,987
Find my children, my parents...
1645
01:38:29,988 --> 01:38:32,114
Will you visit your parents?
1646
01:38:32,115 --> 01:38:35,492
Yes! Mostly because my children
are somewhere out there!
1647
01:38:35,493 --> 01:38:39,496
I know my children are there,
and I must find them, right?
1648
01:38:39,497 --> 01:38:44,126
- And the neighbours didn't know?
- They knew nothing!
1649
01:38:44,127 --> 01:38:48,255
Dad thinks I'm either dead or abroad!
1650
01:38:48,256 --> 01:38:51,175
- You came here to work?
- I did.
1651
01:38:51,176 --> 01:38:54,136
- Where did you work?
- I worked in...
1652
01:38:54,137 --> 01:38:57,014
I forget the street,
but it's here in Caxias.
1653
01:38:57,015 --> 01:38:59,683
I was already pregnant
with my eldest son.
1654
01:38:59,684 --> 01:39:02,645
My firstborn's now 10.
1655
01:39:02,646 --> 01:39:05,356
- You came here with him?
- I was pregnant.
1656
01:39:05,357 --> 01:39:07,901
- He was born here?
- He was...
1657
01:39:09,653 --> 01:39:13,238
I was well off at the beginning.
1658
01:39:13,239 --> 01:39:15,240
It was good.
1659
01:39:15,241 --> 01:39:18,369
I had a car, jewellery, everything...
1660
01:39:18,370 --> 01:39:21,121
Then, the man I was living with...
1661
01:39:21,122 --> 01:39:23,540
Actually you met him.
Manuel Alves...
1662
01:39:23,541 --> 01:39:26,251
at Rua Felizardo Forte, number 66.
1663
01:39:26,252 --> 01:39:29,004
I lived with him...
for around 10 years.
1664
01:39:29,005 --> 01:39:31,006
I have three children by him.
1665
01:39:31,007 --> 01:39:34,385
Then, he did some awful things,
and we couldn't go on.
1666
01:39:34,386 --> 01:39:36,679
So, we separated and I moved here.
1667
01:39:36,680 --> 01:39:39,682
I had nothing. Nothing!
But it doesn't matter.
1668
01:39:39,683 --> 01:39:43,353
- And the children?
- I have four children.
1669
01:39:46,147 --> 01:39:49,566
Santa Clara School of Medicine,
1670
01:39:49,567 --> 01:39:52,695
provincial capital
of Las Villas in Cuba.
1671
01:39:52,696 --> 01:39:55,198
December, 1981.
1672
01:39:56,408 --> 01:40:00,035
Isaac Teixeira is in his
fifth year of medical studies.
1673
01:40:00,036 --> 01:40:03,080
Film shot at our request
1674
01:40:03,081 --> 01:40:05,083
by a Cuban film crew.
1675
01:40:06,167 --> 01:40:10,170
What I remember about
Brazil and my dad's struggle...
1676
01:40:10,171 --> 01:40:15,300
is that it was almost two decades ago.
Back then...
1677
01:40:15,301 --> 01:40:19,514
he started to organise
the peasant leagues in Brazil.
1678
01:40:19,597 --> 01:40:22,725
And my father...
1679
01:40:22,726 --> 01:40:25,687
was committed...
1680
01:40:25,937 --> 01:40:29,732
to his work in the Northeast of Brazil
1681
01:40:29,733 --> 01:40:32,735
where he founded...
1682
01:40:32,736 --> 01:40:37,197
and worked for the Sapé League.
1683
01:40:37,198 --> 01:40:40,325
I think he was a pioneer
1684
01:40:40,326 --> 01:40:43,620
of the peasant leagues.
1685
01:40:43,621 --> 01:40:47,458
And it had great repercussions, right?
1686
01:40:47,459 --> 01:40:52,212
After his struggle and his death...
1687
01:40:52,213 --> 01:40:54,424
Everyone...
1688
01:40:57,093 --> 01:40:59,344
admired him...
1689
01:40:59,345 --> 01:41:04,224
for being a peasant, a humble man,
1690
01:41:04,225 --> 01:41:07,352
dedicating his whole life...
1691
01:41:07,353 --> 01:41:11,900
to the struggle
of the Brazilian people.
1692
01:41:12,984 --> 01:41:14,485
Take two!
1693
01:41:14,486 --> 01:41:16,653
Please, José Eudes.
1694
01:41:16,654 --> 01:41:18,489
- What?
- José Eudes.
1695
01:41:18,490 --> 01:41:20,491
- Eudes?
- Do you know him?
1696
01:41:20,492 --> 01:41:22,993
- I do, yes!
- Can you go get him?
1697
01:41:22,994 --> 01:41:25,580
Sure! Please come with me.
1698
01:41:27,123 --> 01:41:29,249
- He's the watchman here, right?
- What?!
1699
01:41:29,250 --> 01:41:31,376
- Is he a watchman?
- Yeah!
1700
01:41:31,377 --> 01:41:34,379
What channel are you?
TVE or Globo?
1701
01:41:34,380 --> 01:41:38,008
No, it's a film. It's a report,
but for a film.
1702
01:41:38,009 --> 01:41:41,011
By Avenida Brasil, Rio de Janeiro.
1703
01:41:41,012 --> 01:41:43,680
We're entering the warehouse
of an engineering company.
1704
01:41:43,681 --> 01:41:46,184
May, 1982,
1705
01:41:46,267 --> 01:41:49,479
one year and three months
after filming with Elizabeth.
1706
01:42:00,073 --> 01:42:02,658
- Who's Mr. Coutinho?
- I am, I am!
1707
01:42:02,659 --> 01:42:05,620
You may come in,
but I only want to talk to you.
1708
01:42:05,912 --> 01:42:07,664
Nice to meet you, José Eudes.
1709
01:42:07,914 --> 01:42:10,457
He's coming in by himself.
Excuse me.
1710
01:42:10,458 --> 01:42:12,669
I want to talk to him in private.
1711
01:42:12,919 --> 01:42:15,004
Excuse me, sir.
1712
01:42:21,219 --> 01:42:23,470
Please take this.
1713
01:42:23,471 --> 01:42:27,266
After a long talk and a few demands,
1714
01:42:27,267 --> 01:42:30,060
José Eudes Teixeira
agreed to let us film him.
1715
01:42:30,061 --> 01:42:32,062
But it should be outside.
1716
01:42:32,063 --> 01:42:34,606
Do you remember
your mother and father?
1717
01:42:34,607 --> 01:42:37,360
No. No.
1718
01:42:39,070 --> 01:42:41,071
Who raised you?
1719
01:42:41,072 --> 01:42:44,074
An uncle, who I call Dad.
His name is Eudes.
1720
01:42:44,075 --> 01:42:46,618
He's my uncle, but I call him Dad.
1721
01:42:46,619 --> 01:42:49,289
You were four years old
when your father died, right?
1722
01:42:49,372 --> 01:42:51,623
- Exactly!
- And you don't remember it?
1723
01:42:51,624 --> 01:42:54,544
I don't! I honestly
can't remember him at all.
1724
01:42:54,627 --> 01:42:57,629
But you remember your mother!
You were six in 1964, right?
1725
01:42:57,630 --> 01:43:00,966
No. I can't
remember her either.
1726
01:43:00,967 --> 01:43:04,094
I only know her from these photos
you showed me. I didn't recognise her.
1727
01:43:04,095 --> 01:43:06,263
I didn't have a picture of her.
1728
01:43:06,264 --> 01:43:09,266
- Would you like to see her?
- I would! Very much!
1729
01:43:09,267 --> 01:43:13,645
I even cried when
I got her first letter.
1730
01:43:13,646 --> 01:43:16,316
I couldn't remember her.
1731
01:43:16,399 --> 01:43:19,526
I called the aunt who raised me, Mum.
1732
01:43:19,527 --> 01:43:22,322
And I actually, I still
see her as my mum.
1733
01:43:24,282 --> 01:43:26,658
When they killed my father
1734
01:43:26,659 --> 01:43:29,411
and my mother had to disappear,
or else they'd kill her too,
1735
01:43:29,412 --> 01:43:31,413
we weren't even baptised.
1736
01:43:31,414 --> 01:43:34,167
So my godparents raised me
and had me baptised.
1737
01:43:36,127 --> 01:43:39,671
I don't know four of my brothers.
1738
01:43:39,672 --> 01:43:42,674
Paulo, Abraão...
1739
01:43:42,675 --> 01:43:47,096
Isaac and... Carlos.
1740
01:43:47,138 --> 01:43:49,139
I don't know Carlos either.
1741
01:43:49,140 --> 01:43:51,141
- You don't know Paulo?
- No.
1742
01:43:51,142 --> 01:43:52,602
Why not? Paulo --
1743
01:43:52,685 --> 01:43:56,105
When I was there, he went
to Nazaré da Mata with my uncle.
1744
01:43:56,147 --> 01:43:58,148
So, I never knew him either.
1745
01:43:58,149 --> 01:43:59,691
What does he do now?
1746
01:43:59,692 --> 01:44:02,653
He works as a driver
for some company...
1747
01:44:02,654 --> 01:44:04,655
And he's married...
1748
01:44:04,656 --> 01:44:07,407
Actually, my brother has seen him.
1749
01:44:07,408 --> 01:44:10,912
He said he's very angry
about the whole family situation.
1750
01:44:10,995 --> 01:44:13,997
He said he drinks a lot.
He's very angry...
1751
01:44:13,998 --> 01:44:16,459
me too...
1752
01:44:16,542 --> 01:44:19,002
I used to live with a woman...
1753
01:44:19,003 --> 01:44:22,172
She said, "You're different
from other people."
1754
01:44:22,173 --> 01:44:24,174
Because I am...
1755
01:44:24,175 --> 01:44:27,095
Sometimes I don't talk
to anyone, I feel angry...
1756
01:44:27,178 --> 01:44:30,013
when I think about
my family's history, you know?
1757
01:44:30,014 --> 01:44:33,433
Olaria, Rio de Janeiro.
1758
01:44:33,434 --> 01:44:37,020
Film shot on the same day
as the interview with José Eudes.
1759
01:44:37,021 --> 01:44:39,357
May, 1982.
1760
01:44:43,194 --> 01:44:45,363
Excuse me, does Marinês live here?
1761
01:44:45,446 --> 01:44:48,031
Yeah. I don't know if she's in.
1762
01:44:48,032 --> 01:44:51,661
You don't?
Could you have a look for me, please?
1763
01:44:53,705 --> 01:44:55,706
What a pity...
1764
01:44:55,707 --> 01:44:59,042
The window's closed.
1765
01:44:59,043 --> 01:45:02,045
- There's so many people!
- Come! It's no big deal!
1766
01:45:02,046 --> 01:45:04,923
- How are you?
- This is my son.
1767
01:45:04,924 --> 01:45:07,385
- I'm fine!
- How cute! What's his name?
1768
01:45:07,468 --> 01:45:09,594
It's Rodrigo... and Elana.
1769
01:45:09,595 --> 01:45:12,347
- Are they both yours?
- Yeah, my two children.
1770
01:45:12,348 --> 01:45:14,267
How long have you been living in Rio?
1771
01:45:14,350 --> 01:45:16,059
It's been seven years.
1772
01:45:16,060 --> 01:45:17,602
- Seven years?
- Uh-huh!
1773
01:45:17,603 --> 01:45:20,063
Why did you come?
Why did you move?
1774
01:45:20,064 --> 01:45:23,233
- Marta sent for me.
- She did? Right!
1775
01:45:23,234 --> 01:45:25,403
I was living with an uncle.
She sent for me.
1776
01:45:25,486 --> 01:45:28,363
- Do you remember your mum?
- No, I've never seen her.
1777
01:45:28,364 --> 01:45:31,616
I've only seen her in a photo
Marta sent me.
1778
01:45:31,617 --> 01:45:35,078
- Don't you remember your father?
- No, I never saw him.
1779
01:45:35,079 --> 01:45:37,874
- You were eight months old...?
- Three months!
1780
01:45:37,957 --> 01:45:40,500
Do you want to see her?
1781
01:45:40,501 --> 01:45:42,377
I do! I do...
1782
01:45:42,378 --> 01:45:45,964
- Or do you feel hurt?
- Hurt? No.
1783
01:45:45,965 --> 01:45:48,050
Not at all.
1784
01:45:48,051 --> 01:45:50,260
Did she write to you?
1785
01:45:50,261 --> 01:45:52,262
Yes, she has written twice.
1786
01:45:52,263 --> 01:45:55,640
- What do they say?
- This is the first one.
1787
01:45:55,641 --> 01:45:58,977
Would you read a little bit?
1788
01:45:58,978 --> 01:46:02,105
"You say you don't know
where you come from.
1789
01:46:02,106 --> 01:46:04,608
"You come from our flesh,
1790
01:46:04,609 --> 01:46:07,611
"from the love
between your father and me.
1791
01:46:07,612 --> 01:46:09,613
Of course, I'm so glad you're coming."
1792
01:46:09,614 --> 01:46:12,616
I asked her if I could see her.
1793
01:46:12,617 --> 01:46:16,244
"That's what I want, to meet...
1794
01:46:16,245 --> 01:46:20,248
"meet all my children
and be with you all.
1795
01:46:20,249 --> 01:46:22,959
"Thanks to the political
situation opening up,
1796
01:46:22,960 --> 01:46:26,505
"I'll be able to see
all my children again.
1797
01:46:26,506 --> 01:46:30,342
"I wasn't able to live with you,
raise you, and love you,
1798
01:46:30,343 --> 01:46:33,970
"but since fate got in the way,
it must be God's will.
1799
01:46:33,971 --> 01:46:36,973
"But I would be overjoyed...
1800
01:46:36,974 --> 01:46:41,353
"if I could spend at least
one day together with all my children,
1801
01:46:41,354 --> 01:46:44,982
so that we can put
this separation behind us."
1802
01:46:53,533 --> 01:46:56,077
The filming we did in São Rafael,
1803
01:46:56,160 --> 01:46:58,370
in February, 1981,
1804
01:46:58,371 --> 01:47:01,373
ended many years of hiding
1805
01:47:01,374 --> 01:47:04,543
for Elizabeth Teixeira.
1806
01:47:04,544 --> 01:47:06,963
After she was filmed,
1807
01:47:07,004 --> 01:47:11,467
she was no longer Marta,
but became Elizabeth again.
1808
01:47:11,509 --> 01:47:15,011
You take in washing, Elizabeth?
1809
01:47:15,012 --> 01:47:17,013
Yes.
1810
01:47:17,014 --> 01:47:20,392
And what else do you do
to make a living?
1811
01:47:20,393 --> 01:47:24,396
I wash dishes at a bar...
1812
01:47:24,397 --> 01:47:28,483
I also teach the children.
1813
01:47:28,484 --> 01:47:30,402
- 4 x 1?
- 4!
1814
01:47:30,403 --> 01:47:32,279
- 4 x 2?
- 8!
1815
01:47:32,280 --> 01:47:34,156
- 4 x 3?
- 12!
1816
01:47:34,157 --> 01:47:36,032
- 4 x 4?
- 16!
1817
01:47:36,033 --> 01:47:37,701
- 4 x 5?
- 20!
1818
01:47:37,702 --> 01:47:39,536
- 4 x 6?
- 24!
1819
01:47:39,537 --> 01:47:41,413
- 4 x 7?
- 28!
1820
01:47:41,414 --> 01:47:43,290
- 4 x 8?
- 32!
1821
01:47:43,291 --> 01:47:46,042
My neighbours knew nothing.
1822
01:47:46,043 --> 01:47:48,712
And how did they react
when they learned who you were?
1823
01:47:48,713 --> 01:47:51,173
They looked for pictures of me...
1824
01:47:51,174 --> 01:47:54,551
tried to find out who I was,
where I came from.
1825
01:47:54,552 --> 01:47:57,429
I told them I used to live in Recife,
1826
01:47:57,430 --> 01:48:00,640
where I worked as a maid,
1827
01:48:00,641 --> 01:48:04,394
but it didn't work out.
That I moved with my son...
1828
01:48:04,395 --> 01:48:07,356
and that I ended up here.
That's what I told them.
1829
01:48:07,440 --> 01:48:09,900
Are they glad
to know you're Elizabeth?
1830
01:48:09,901 --> 01:48:11,902
They are!
1831
01:48:11,903 --> 01:48:14,112
Did you enjoy the film about Elizabeth?
1832
01:48:14,113 --> 01:48:16,114
It's very important because...
1833
01:48:16,115 --> 01:48:19,242
Marta... I mean, Elizabeth,
1834
01:48:19,243 --> 01:48:23,246
had such a tragic past.
Many things were really very sad.
1835
01:48:23,247 --> 01:48:27,375
Now you know, has she changed?
1836
01:48:27,376 --> 01:48:30,378
She's the same old Elizabeth...
She's the same friend!
1837
01:48:30,379 --> 01:48:32,672
Who else wants to speak?
1838
01:48:32,673 --> 01:48:36,426
When she arrived in São Rafael,
1839
01:48:36,427 --> 01:48:39,679
I was her first neighbour.
1840
01:48:39,680 --> 01:48:42,432
We've always been great friends.
1841
01:48:42,433 --> 01:48:45,227
My Zorro was her first pupil.
1842
01:48:45,228 --> 01:48:47,312
She's a great person.
1843
01:48:47,313 --> 01:48:49,648
She's like a mother to me.
1844
01:48:49,649 --> 01:48:53,443
And did you think
she only had one child?
1845
01:48:53,444 --> 01:48:56,029
- What did you know about her?
- Nothing, when she arrived.
1846
01:48:56,030 --> 01:48:59,032
Where did you think she came from?
1847
01:48:59,033 --> 01:49:01,451
- From Jucurutu.
- She'd come from Jucurutu.
1848
01:49:01,452 --> 01:49:06,122
- And she only had one child?
- Yes, I did.
1849
01:49:06,123 --> 01:49:09,000
Are they all your friends?
1850
01:49:09,001 --> 01:49:11,294
Yes. All good friends.
1851
01:49:11,295 --> 01:49:14,339
She was my neighbour.
We shared a backyard.
1852
01:49:14,340 --> 01:49:17,634
We felt for her and her suffering.
1853
01:49:17,635 --> 01:49:20,971
and we could tell
she was very sad on the inside,
1854
01:49:20,972 --> 01:49:23,098
but she never said a thing.
1855
01:49:23,099 --> 01:49:27,227
All she said was that
her husband had been murdered,
1856
01:49:27,228 --> 01:49:31,440
and that she had other children,
but she couldn't see them.
1857
01:49:31,482 --> 01:49:35,485
We knew she was deeply heartbroken.
1858
01:49:35,486 --> 01:49:38,989
We wish her every happiness,
1859
01:49:38,990 --> 01:49:42,492
because she's such a great person.
1860
01:49:42,493 --> 01:49:45,496
We will miss her a lot.
1861
01:49:55,715 --> 01:49:58,884
"São Rafael Rural Workers' Union"
1862
01:50:05,266 --> 01:50:08,143
He's the President of the Union.
1863
01:50:08,144 --> 01:50:10,562
We talked a lot...
1864
01:50:10,563 --> 01:50:14,357
about the Union,
1865
01:50:14,358 --> 01:50:17,278
about how it's going...
1866
01:50:17,361 --> 01:50:19,571
now, today.
1867
01:50:19,572 --> 01:50:21,532
We also talked about...
1868
01:50:21,574 --> 01:50:25,452
the people in Vale do Açu.
1869
01:50:25,453 --> 01:50:29,456
How they'll be compensated...
1870
01:50:29,457 --> 01:50:32,668
when they have to move
from Vale do Açu...
1871
01:50:32,710 --> 01:50:36,212
As President of the Union,
1872
01:50:36,213 --> 01:50:39,383
he knows the situation
a whole lot better.
1873
01:50:45,598 --> 01:50:48,475
São Rafael is a dying town.
1874
01:50:48,476 --> 01:50:51,478
The National Department
Against Drought,
1875
01:50:51,479 --> 01:50:54,398
is developing a new irrigation project,
1876
01:50:54,482 --> 01:50:57,484
which requires building a massive dam.
1877
01:50:57,485 --> 01:51:00,362
The water will flood
the entire municipality.
1878
01:51:00,363 --> 01:51:03,948
Since they don't have property
deeds for their land,
1879
01:51:03,949 --> 01:51:06,951
the small landowners of São Rafael
1880
01:51:06,952 --> 01:51:10,705
are not being fairly compensated,
according to them.
1881
01:51:10,706 --> 01:51:14,626
The local union is leading the fight,
pushing for better compensations.
1882
01:51:14,627 --> 01:51:18,004
And is Elizabeth helping you?
1883
01:51:18,005 --> 01:51:21,633
She advises me because she tells me
what she's suffered...
1884
01:51:21,634 --> 01:51:24,552
And I tell her
what I've been going through.
1885
01:51:24,553 --> 01:51:27,430
We talk about it a lot.
1886
01:51:27,431 --> 01:51:30,642
Did you already know she was
Elizabeth, instead of Marta?
1887
01:51:30,643 --> 01:51:32,435
Yes, I knew.
1888
01:51:32,436 --> 01:51:35,231
- How long have you known?
- Maybe a year.
1889
01:51:35,272 --> 01:51:38,274
Since we got to know each
other better.
1890
01:51:38,275 --> 01:51:41,444
- Did you know who João Pedro Teixeira was?
- Certainly.
1891
01:51:41,445 --> 01:51:44,447
- Who was he?
- He was a great leader!
1892
01:51:44,448 --> 01:51:48,159
- Where from?
- From Paraíba. From Sapé.
1893
01:51:48,160 --> 01:51:52,580
When she told me
what she'd been through,
1894
01:51:52,581 --> 01:51:56,084
and since I could relate to that,
1895
01:51:56,085 --> 01:51:58,461
I understood that her suffering
1896
01:51:58,462 --> 01:52:00,964
is the suffering of all
union leaders like ourselves
1897
01:52:00,965 --> 01:52:03,550
who are persecuted
by the landowners...
1898
01:52:03,551 --> 01:52:06,010
and authorities in Brazil.
1899
01:52:06,011 --> 01:52:09,305
Elizabeth, let's go outside
and say goodbye.
1900
01:52:09,306 --> 01:52:12,601
We have to pack our things
and our equipment. Shall we?
1901
01:52:22,528 --> 01:52:26,364
I thought I would
never see you again...
1902
01:52:26,365 --> 01:52:28,658
and the other comrades.
1903
01:52:28,659 --> 01:52:32,120
But now... I see my house...
1904
01:52:32,121 --> 01:52:36,374
old comrades come to see me.
1905
01:52:36,375 --> 01:52:40,128
So, for me, it's a big deal.
A big deal.
1906
01:52:40,129 --> 01:52:43,256
I never gave in,
I never gave up the fight...
1907
01:52:43,257 --> 01:52:46,676
What I did was the only way.
1908
01:52:46,677 --> 01:52:51,264
But now we are very
thankful to our President...
1909
01:52:51,265 --> 01:52:55,518
for having given us the honour
to be able to
1910
01:52:55,519 --> 01:52:58,688
talk to people, give speeches,
1911
01:52:58,689 --> 01:53:03,276
get in touch with
our children, our parents...
1912
01:53:03,277 --> 01:53:05,613
and all our relatives.
1913
01:53:05,696 --> 01:53:08,698
You really caught me close to tears.
1914
01:53:08,699 --> 01:53:11,534
You know...
I was really moved.
1915
01:53:11,535 --> 01:53:15,288
It was 16 years... Abraão hadn't
been here. He never had the chance.
1916
01:53:15,289 --> 01:53:17,707
The fact that he could come...
1917
01:53:17,708 --> 01:53:20,168
And you came.
1918
01:53:20,169 --> 01:53:24,422
I was very moved.
I never expected it.
1919
01:53:24,423 --> 01:53:27,384
He called me and said he was coming.
1920
01:53:27,426 --> 01:53:29,427
The girl picked up the phone,
1921
01:53:29,428 --> 01:53:33,306
and said he was coming
with Carlos and another brother.
1922
01:53:33,307 --> 01:53:36,559
Then, when he got here
I said, "Is Carlos here?"
1923
01:53:36,560 --> 01:53:40,563
"No, Mum. Coutinho is coming
to make a film."
1924
01:53:40,564 --> 01:53:44,317
I said, "Oh, my!
What's going on?"
1925
01:53:44,318 --> 01:53:46,319
I was... really moved.
1926
01:53:46,320 --> 01:53:49,322
- Was the report good?
- It was! It was great!
1927
01:53:49,323 --> 01:53:54,035
It would've been better
if I could have helped you.
1928
01:53:54,036 --> 01:53:58,498
When you got here,
I was very emotional.
1929
01:53:58,499 --> 01:54:01,417
See you soon, Elizabeth.
1930
01:54:01,418 --> 01:54:04,087
Are you really going?
1931
01:54:04,088 --> 01:54:08,591
- Yes, we must be going.
- I hope everything was OK.
1932
01:54:08,592 --> 01:54:11,094
The fight goes on!
1933
01:54:11,095 --> 01:54:14,515
We have the same demands
as we did in 1964!
1934
01:54:14,598 --> 01:54:18,351
They haven't moved an inch.
1935
01:54:18,352 --> 01:54:22,105
The same demands...
for the workers,
1936
01:54:22,106 --> 01:54:24,607
for the peasants, and for students.
1937
01:54:24,608 --> 01:54:26,609
The fight goes on.
1938
01:54:26,610 --> 01:54:30,488
As long as there's hunger and
poor wages, we have to fight!
1939
01:54:30,489 --> 01:54:33,491
How can we not fight for better days?
1940
01:54:33,492 --> 01:54:35,493
You must fight!
1941
01:54:35,494 --> 01:54:39,372
Whoever has a good
life, let them stay out of it!
1942
01:54:39,373 --> 01:54:42,500
I have suffered.
I have to fight!
1943
01:54:42,501 --> 01:54:45,962
The regime must be changed.
We all must fight
1944
01:54:45,963 --> 01:54:49,507
while this "so-called democracy",
this hunger exists.
1945
01:54:49,508 --> 01:54:52,051
Democracy without freedom...
1946
01:54:52,052 --> 01:54:55,639
Democracy without hunger and misery?
1947
01:54:55,723 --> 01:55:00,310
While workmen's sons have no
right to study.
1948
01:55:00,311 --> 01:55:03,605
Like now, when I...
1949
01:55:03,606 --> 01:55:06,316
when the kids pay I don't know what.
1950
01:55:06,317 --> 01:55:08,527
This won't do!
1951
01:55:17,995 --> 01:55:21,372
A month later Elizabeth
Teixeira left São Rafael
1952
01:55:21,373 --> 01:55:24,250
and moved to Patos, Paraíba,
1953
01:55:24,251 --> 01:55:29,005
with her sons Abraão and Carlos.
1954
01:55:29,006 --> 01:55:33,509
Up until June, 1983,
when this text was written,
1955
01:55:33,510 --> 01:55:38,014
Elizabeth had only managed to see
1956
01:55:38,015 --> 01:55:41,017
two of her other eight children:
1957
01:55:41,018 --> 01:55:44,229
Nevinha and Peta, both in Sapé.
1958
01:55:46,190 --> 01:55:50,234
We last filmed João
Virgínio at his home,
1959
01:55:50,235 --> 01:55:53,155
on Carnival Sunday, in 1981.
1960
01:55:53,238 --> 01:55:55,239
Ten months later,
1961
01:55:55,240 --> 01:55:59,243
João Virgínio died of a heart
attack in the same place.
1962
01:55:59,244 --> 01:56:03,081
He was buried in the cemetery
at Vitória de Santo Antão,
1963
01:56:03,082 --> 01:56:05,918
next to Zezé da Galileia.
152219
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