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How do you become a software engineer, how can you program a robot, how do you solve this extremely
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difficult problem?
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Now, we learned up until now that we have this idea of focus, of focus, mode of thinking where we're
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so focused on a task.
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That's where we start gaining that knowledge and then we combine it with the diffuse mode of thinking.
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Now, when we focus on something, we create chunks of knowledge, that's what we're doing when we learn
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something, we're creating neural patterns and connecting them with pre-existing patterns in our long
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term memory by focusing when we're learning something, we don't have random things popping in our head.
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We focus on those four chunks that we're able to store in our working memory, and then we create chunks
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with our focused attention.
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By understanding and practicing a topic.
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For example, if you're learning how a car works, you're not going to learn how a car works right away,
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you're going to break down how each part of the car works and then combining the missing pieces to create
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the whole system to understand how the whole system works.
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If you want to become a rocket engineer, you need to form different chunks of knowledge and combine
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them to actually learn how everything works together.
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And this is the idea behind chunking.
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You need to understand how chunks in your brain relate to one another.
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For example, we all remember math class.
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A lot of us learned math and found it extremely confusing.
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Calculus, for example, seem like we were creating graphs and charts without really understanding why
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we're learning something.
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It seemed like we're just learning a little puzzle that doesn't really apply to real life.
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How does it apply to your life?
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That's why math sometimes is so hard for people, because it just seems like we're playing games that
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are unrelated to everyday life.
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And we learned an active versus passive learning that we have to actually do things, actually practice
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to create these chunks of knowledge.
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Now, this idea of chunking, of breaking things down into different chunks is sometimes called bottom
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up learning.
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And that is this idea that we start from the bottom and go up.
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We combine different chunks of knowledge and we connect the dots between these chunks.
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We create a mind map.
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This is why I introduced the mind map, the beginning of this course, this idea of these are the different
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pieces of knowledge that we're going to combine to create this overall understanding of efficient learning,
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of learning how to learn.
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This demonstrates chunking.
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We're breaking down into each lecture, this idea of efficient learning.
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Now that's bottom up learning.
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What we also need is something called top down learning.
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That's something where we start with the big picture.
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What is this big landscape of learning?
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What is the big picture here?
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And by combining this top down learning of what is the big picture, how do you connect the dots with
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the Bottom-Up learning of what is this individual chunks of knowledge and how can I use them can create
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really strong long term learning.
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This idea of chunking is actually described in Barbara Oakley's book, Learning How to Learn.
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If we form different knowledge and chunks, it's all great.
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But without having also the top down of connecting the dots, seeing how each chunk relates to one another,
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then we might have these tools, but we won't know when to use that tool.
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The idea is to gradually build chunks in our minds.
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And these chunked mental libris will create different patterns, and when you learn how to connect them,
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how you can relate concepts to different things using diffuse mode to connect far distant chunks.
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It's what creates knowledge this idea of connecting the dots is absolutely instrumental to long term
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learning.
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So start with the chunks of chunking, different piece of knowledge, then look at the top down.
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How do all these chunks connect and let your brain work towards connecting these chunks?
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This is why the trunk based knowledge we talked about in the pillars is so important.
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We need to have these foundations and principles so that we're able to connect these chunks, these
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different leaf's to one another.
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