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Downloaded from
YTS.MX
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(man grunting)
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(bag thudding)
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Official YIFY movies site:
YTS.MX
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(applauding)
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- [Narrator] In 1975, in the Philippines,
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two warriors, Muhammad
Ali and Joe Frazier,
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had already fought a bitter
head-to-head contest.
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(suspenseful music)
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(applauding)
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Three years after the Thrilla in Manila,
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Karpov and Korchnoi were to
fight the Battle of Baguio.
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- It wasn't just the ideological battle,
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it was a major clash of personalities.
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(ticking)
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Korchnoi and Karpov hated each other.
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They loathed each other.
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(ticking)
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- Just a clear demonstration
of KGB dirty tricks.
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(crowd chanting)
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- Viktor had no doubts
he would be assassinated.
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- So if you were going
to write a movie script,
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you couldn't have done it better.
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- They have been spying on me
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ever since I landed at the airport.
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(laughing)
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Everywhere I go, they spy on me!
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Everywhere I go, they spy on me.
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- The whole Red Army against me.
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(suspenseful music)
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- Chess has been viewed
since Stalin's time
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as an intellectual tool to
demonstrate the superiority,
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00:02:05,660 --> 00:02:06,810
intellectual superiority,
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of Communist regime
over the decadent West.
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- In the Soviet Union,
there was a number of things
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that the society prized above many others:
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00:02:17,410 --> 00:02:18,243
poetry,
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00:02:19,260 --> 00:02:20,703
ballet,
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chess.
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These three areas that the Soviets
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absolutely prided themselves on,
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invested billions of rubles,
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00:02:30,990 --> 00:02:33,500
in the West were virtually overlooked.
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00:02:33,500 --> 00:02:37,630
- The Soviets weren't
interested in chess per se,
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00:02:37,630 --> 00:02:40,530
they were interested in winning.
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- It was a part of propaganda.
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- Chess was held in such high esteem.
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There was this system of what
was called Pioneer Houses,
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and every district of a large city,
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and then smaller cities as well,
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there would be a Pioneer
House with a chess coach.
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- They had the best books,
they had best trainers,
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they had the best tournaments,
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and it all led to this
Soviet Chess School.
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00:03:02,220 --> 00:03:04,220
- After the second World
War, they changed the title
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amongst themselves, it
was internal business,
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and while the rest of the
world admired their chess,
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there was nothing much
more we could do about it.
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(speaking foreign language)
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(jazz music)
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- This was this intellectual prize
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that the Soviets possessed,
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and they absolutely were
determined to keep it.
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- Which is why all the
people who were in control
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in the Soviet Union, in the
Soviet Chess Federation,
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were not chess players.
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00:03:43,100 --> 00:03:45,510
They were people from
the party from the KGB.
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- If they think you didn't
perform up to your potential,
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they could punish you
by many different ways.
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- It just happened silently
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and nobody would object or complain,
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because to object or
complain would be dangerous.
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- There was a tradition in Soviet chess
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of failure being punished,
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and when Taimanov lost 6-0 to Fischer,
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he had all sorts of state
privileges withdrawn.
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00:04:18,020 --> 00:04:23,020
- In 1972, Bobby Fischer,
Boris Spassky meet.
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It's the Capitalist, the
Communist, the Cold War.
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(crowd cheers)
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- Fischer was really a
lonesome hero of the West,
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fighting against the whole system.
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- [Narrator] Fischer lost the first game
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due to an inexplicable blunder,
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and blamed the whirring sound
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of nearby cameras for his loss.
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When he failed to appear
for the second game,
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because he wanted the cameras removed,
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the KGB sent Boris Spassky a telegram,
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ordering him to return to Moscow.
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The KGB wanted to abandon the match
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and retain the World Championship title.
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Spassky, however, refused the KGB's order.
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00:05:01,830 --> 00:05:05,006
When Fischer returned to
play and win the third game,
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the Soviets had lost the
off-the-board contest.
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Spassky then went on to lose the match
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and the World Chess Championship.
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- Losing the match to an American,
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almost a hippie-like
player, an individual,
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that was a big blow to
the Soviet authorities.
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- When Spassky lost to Fischer,
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he found himself feeling very
uncomfortable in the USSR.
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- They had the rule
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that the prizes were not taxed,
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and so Spassky received full amount,
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which was, even for
leaders of the country,
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it was huge amount.
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Then he was not very modest,
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so he created waves against him.
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- The Russians really learned
from their loss to Fischer.
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They decided that you could
no longer take prisoners.
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(applauding)
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- [Narrator] Six years
later, the world's press
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would again be camped at
another Word Chess Championship.
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But this time, its roots
were in another war.
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(bombs whistling)
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The Second World War,
(cannons firing)
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and the Siege of Leningrad,
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(loud explosions)
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where a young Viktor Korchnoi
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faced starvation and death every day.
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- In 1937, his father
teached him to play chess.
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He was six years old.
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His father died in the
Russian army in November 1941,
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and he was very often alone.
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God knows where his mother was,
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and sometimes his stepmother went
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to the death relatives of the family
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just to take the coupons for bread.
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- He was starving there,
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00:06:51,560 --> 00:06:54,433
and no doubt it had
very big impact on him.
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- It's very hard, if
not simply impossible,
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to separate Viktor the person
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from Viktor the chess competitor,
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because he lived for chess.
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- He could not live without chess.
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He could not even breathe without chess.
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- It was everything.
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It was water, oxygen, and without that,
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he would probably die.
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- When he wrote Chess Is My Life,
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that basically summed it up.
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- He had in life, only chess.
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He had some other interests, but still,
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the main interest, 100%, was chess.
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- He also found it a bit
confusing that other people
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weren't quite as passionate
about chess as he was.
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- Viktor consumed vast amounts of time
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trying to find the best move.
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- And during that time,
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his senses are like a
Ferrari in fifth gear.
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- What Korchnoi did is to
show that it's a fight.
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It doesn't matter if
you're better or worse.
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- He liked chaos.
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It was, in his hands, it was
probably controlled chaos,
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00:08:02,970 --> 00:08:04,100
but it was still chaos.
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00:08:04,100 --> 00:08:09,021
- He would accept bad positions
for the sheer mental energy
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of solving the problem, getting out of it,
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and perhaps even winning.
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- Korchnoi belongs to a small
group of big chess players.
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But Batynik needed to hate the opponent,
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00:08:22,083 --> 00:08:26,707
and Korchnoi was clear
follower of Batynik.
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00:08:26,707 --> 00:08:29,500
- One of Korchnoi's nicknames
was Viktor the Terrible.
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He was so provocative.
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- For him, chess definitely was a form
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of psychological warfare.
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- Like a dragon or something.
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Could be very quiet, but as
soon as you would tickle him,
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then a fire coming from his mouth!
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- Steam coming out of his ears.
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I mean, he was huffing and puffing
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and smacking the pieces down on the board.
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- I have played Korchnoi many times,
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and have been irritated by him
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the same number of times I've played him.
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- I managed to beat him
and he shook my hand
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with absolute disgust and disdain.
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00:09:01,682 --> 00:09:04,757
Everything about his body language said,
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"How can I lose to you?"
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- He was very bad loser.
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When he was losing his games,
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he started insulting his opponent.
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- He said, "What is it?"
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And I said, "Well, I'm a pawn up."
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00:09:18,890 --> 00:09:22,292
He said, "Pawns, pawns
are for schoolboys."
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00:09:22,292 --> 00:09:23,412
- He looked at me and he said,
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00:09:23,412 --> 00:09:27,367
"Young man, you're a very
superficial chess player
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00:09:27,367 --> 00:09:29,500
"and I could've beaten you if I wanted."
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- Korchnoi played Mohammed Al-Modiahki,
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the Qatari Grandmaster, and
he leant across the board
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and said, "Do you speak English?"
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To which he replied, "Yes."
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And he said, "Then why don't you resign?"
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(chuckles)
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- How can you say something like this?
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Even to your worst enemy, you
don't interrupt he thinking.
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00:09:51,490 --> 00:09:53,020
- Sometimes Korchnoi went too far,
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but it's because of his passion.
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- Destroying whoever was
sitting in front of him
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00:09:57,540 --> 00:09:58,830
was very much part of it,
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00:09:58,830 --> 00:10:00,850
but I thought it was a badge of honour.
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00:10:00,850 --> 00:10:03,833
- Viktor Korchnoi the Terrible, indeed.
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00:10:04,840 --> 00:10:07,770
- But everything for his chess career.
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00:10:07,770 --> 00:10:10,180
He could sacrifice everything for that.
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00:10:10,180 --> 00:10:15,180
He became a member of
Communist Party in 1965.
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And the other Grandmasters,
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00:10:20,910 --> 00:10:23,906
or a lot of other Grandmasters,
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00:10:23,906 --> 00:10:25,170
they didn't.
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00:10:25,170 --> 00:10:28,130
- If you think of any
adjective to describe Viktor,
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00:10:28,130 --> 00:10:29,540
think of the opposite adjective
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00:10:29,540 --> 00:10:32,070
and you've probably got Karpov.
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00:10:32,070 --> 00:10:33,950
(thoughtful music)
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00:10:33,950 --> 00:10:35,670
- [Narrator] Anatoly Karpov, or Tolya,
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00:10:35,670 --> 00:10:39,430
as he was affectionately
nicknamed, was 20 years younger.
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00:10:39,430 --> 00:10:41,480
He was also a child of the new,
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00:10:41,480 --> 00:10:44,401
post-Stalin Russia under Khrushchev.
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00:10:44,401 --> 00:10:46,870
- He had very good first trainer.
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00:10:46,870 --> 00:10:50,590
It was maybe always replacement of father.
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00:10:50,590 --> 00:10:52,210
It was Mr Furman.
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00:10:52,210 --> 00:10:57,200
- When he came onto the
scene, Anatoly Karpov played
220
00:10:57,200 --> 00:10:59,680
with remarkable speed.
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00:10:59,680 --> 00:11:01,313
There was no one like him.
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00:11:02,400 --> 00:11:04,930
- 1970, he becomes World Junior Champion.
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00:11:04,930 --> 00:11:07,540
1971, he wins, along with Leonid Stein,
224
00:11:07,540 --> 00:11:10,440
his first super tournament
being only 20 years old.
225
00:11:10,440 --> 00:11:12,320
1973, he shares with Korchnoi
226
00:11:12,320 --> 00:11:14,803
first-second in an interzonal tournament.
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00:11:14,803 --> 00:11:16,843
- New star is born.
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00:11:17,940 --> 00:11:19,740
- No one could really
touch him during that time.
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00:11:19,740 --> 00:11:23,610
You know he just
dominated the chess world.
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00:11:23,610 --> 00:11:25,930
- He was the ideal Soviet citizen.
231
00:11:25,930 --> 00:11:27,910
Like their first cosmonaut,
someone like this.
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00:11:27,910 --> 00:11:29,730
People had posters of him
on their wall at home,
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00:11:29,730 --> 00:11:31,220
boys and girls.
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00:11:31,220 --> 00:11:34,430
- From a very young age,
he was in the front yard
235
00:11:34,430 --> 00:11:36,740
of this Communist Youth Movement.
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00:11:36,740 --> 00:11:40,030
He just always played
this role of our boy.
237
00:11:40,030 --> 00:11:42,660
- Karpov was a loyal soldier
of the Communist Party.
238
00:11:42,660 --> 00:11:45,015
He found it more accommodating to be loyal
239
00:11:45,015 --> 00:11:49,660
and receive all the
benefits of the superstar.
240
00:11:49,660 --> 00:11:53,220
- I don't know whether
Karpov was KGB agent,
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00:11:53,220 --> 00:11:58,220
but I'm pretty sure he was a
faithful son of his motherland.
242
00:12:00,300 --> 00:12:01,890
- He's been called the Ice Man.
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00:12:01,890 --> 00:12:06,403
He's cool, calculated,
avoids risks wherever he can.
244
00:12:06,403 --> 00:12:09,950
- When I've been interviewing
Karpov during a tournament,
245
00:12:09,950 --> 00:12:11,670
you have to struggle a little bit
246
00:12:11,670 --> 00:12:13,640
to get a good soundbite out of him.
247
00:12:13,640 --> 00:12:16,524
- Stylistically, they
said he's a dull player.
248
00:12:16,524 --> 00:12:18,670
I don't think he was dull at all.
249
00:12:18,670 --> 00:12:20,970
- In a way, Magnus Carlsen play now
250
00:12:20,970 --> 00:12:23,030
reminds me very much young Karpov.
251
00:12:23,030 --> 00:12:25,130
He had unprecedented feeling
252
00:12:25,130 --> 00:12:27,653
for how to put pieces in support.
253
00:12:28,820 --> 00:12:31,330
- He'd play a few moves and
you'll play a few moves,
254
00:12:31,330 --> 00:12:33,760
and then suddenly you're a bit worse,
255
00:12:33,760 --> 00:12:37,340
and you're not quite sure how it happened.
256
00:12:37,340 --> 00:12:39,860
- Karpov is not even so
interested in his own plan,
257
00:12:39,860 --> 00:12:42,870
but he will keep on foiling yours.
258
00:12:42,870 --> 00:12:45,330
- You give him a chance, he
immediately grabs the chance.
259
00:12:45,330 --> 00:12:47,700
Whatever happened one
move ago, he doesn't care.
260
00:12:47,700 --> 00:12:49,440
So he starts playing from scratch.
261
00:12:49,440 --> 00:12:51,480
This is kind of a machine-like quality.
262
00:12:51,480 --> 00:12:53,500
- Even when he was very short on time,
263
00:12:53,500 --> 00:12:57,210
not only good moves,
it was the best moves.
264
00:12:57,210 --> 00:12:59,340
- When you get into very unusual schemes,
265
00:12:59,340 --> 00:13:00,810
he can lose his orientation.
266
00:13:00,810 --> 00:13:02,830
Most famous example is Tony Miles.
267
00:13:02,830 --> 00:13:05,430
In Skara in 1980, he played 1...e6,
268
00:13:05,430 --> 00:13:06,790
which is one of the
most embarrassing moves
269
00:13:06,790 --> 00:13:08,580
on the chess board, and he beat Karpov,
270
00:13:08,580 --> 00:13:11,100
and Karpov didn't even mind the loss,
271
00:13:11,100 --> 00:13:13,030
he was offended at the opening.
272
00:13:13,030 --> 00:13:14,820
- It's normal when you discuss a game,
273
00:13:14,820 --> 00:13:19,260
you try and find out what is
the truth of the position.
274
00:13:19,260 --> 00:13:22,110
But for Karpov, this had no relevance.
275
00:13:22,110 --> 00:13:26,070
What he wanted to do was
to show his superiority.
276
00:13:26,070 --> 00:13:28,073
- The way Karpov behaved off the board,
277
00:13:28,073 --> 00:13:31,970
to gain a little advantage
or psychological advantage
278
00:13:31,970 --> 00:13:34,510
against his opponents,
that was just Karpov.
279
00:13:34,510 --> 00:13:36,900
- If you ever start to underestimate him,
280
00:13:36,900 --> 00:13:38,490
you do so at your peril.
281
00:13:38,490 --> 00:13:39,800
- [Narrator] Having successfully qualified
282
00:13:39,800 --> 00:13:42,254
through the 1973 Candidates Tournament,
283
00:13:42,254 --> 00:13:45,180
both Karpov and Korchnoi were now through
284
00:13:45,180 --> 00:13:48,060
to the quarterfinals of
the knockout match system,
285
00:13:48,060 --> 00:13:50,720
but their disagreement in
the last round at Leningrad
286
00:13:50,720 --> 00:13:53,000
was the start of their bitter rivalry.
287
00:13:53,000 --> 00:13:54,691
- So, we were leading,
288
00:13:54,691 --> 00:13:58,550
and then we came with
the same number of points
289
00:13:58,550 --> 00:14:00,210
to the last round.
290
00:14:00,210 --> 00:14:03,687
Then Korchnoi approached me and he said,
291
00:14:03,687 --> 00:14:06,447
"Tomorrow we play last
round, we both qualify.
292
00:14:06,447 --> 00:14:08,797
"But you understand, I played
better this tournament,
293
00:14:08,797 --> 00:14:11,647
"so it wouldn't be correct
if you win the tournament.
294
00:14:11,647 --> 00:14:13,317
"That's why I offer two draws.
295
00:14:13,317 --> 00:14:15,140
"You make draw with Toray,
296
00:14:16,531 --> 00:14:19,753
"and then I make draw with
Hubner, do you agree?"
297
00:14:20,703 --> 00:14:23,157
Then I said, "Viktor, I don't understand.
298
00:14:23,157 --> 00:14:25,407
"We played nice tournament.
299
00:14:25,407 --> 00:14:28,426
"Why should I offer draw on Toray?
300
00:14:28,426 --> 00:14:31,386
"Who wins tomorrow,
that will be the winner
301
00:14:31,386 --> 00:14:32,833
"of the tournament."
302
00:14:32,833 --> 00:14:35,280
So, I beat Toray very quick.
303
00:14:35,280 --> 00:14:37,542
Maybe 21, 22 moves.
304
00:14:37,542 --> 00:14:40,410
And then Korchnoi had to suffer,
305
00:14:40,410 --> 00:14:42,550
then there were applauses.
306
00:14:42,550 --> 00:14:45,108
So we realised Korchnoi won the game,
307
00:14:45,108 --> 00:14:47,837
and Korchnoi was passing me and he said,
308
00:14:47,837 --> 00:14:50,026
"You forced me to beat Hubner."
309
00:14:50,026 --> 00:14:52,170
(chuckles)
310
00:14:52,170 --> 00:14:54,140
- [Narrator] As Korchnoi and
Karpov started their cycle
311
00:14:54,140 --> 00:14:56,040
of matches to decide who
would challenge Fischer
312
00:14:56,040 --> 00:14:58,590
for the World Championship in 1975,
313
00:14:58,590 --> 00:15:01,290
the young Karpov had already
decided that it was unlikely
314
00:15:01,290 --> 00:15:02,640
that he would beat Fischer.
315
00:15:04,970 --> 00:15:07,360
- I said "This is not my cycle."
316
00:15:07,360 --> 00:15:12,131
and so I thought maybe
I had lack of experience
317
00:15:12,131 --> 00:15:14,309
of matches, first of all.
318
00:15:14,309 --> 00:15:18,919
But then, I crashed to Pulyadevsky.
319
00:15:18,919 --> 00:15:20,680
And then with Spassky,
320
00:15:20,680 --> 00:15:24,050
which I had some physical
preparations on the Baltic Sea,
321
00:15:24,050 --> 00:15:26,600
which is very cold and on the ice,
322
00:15:26,600 --> 00:15:29,280
and then it was strong
wind, and I got sick,
323
00:15:29,280 --> 00:15:31,510
I had the fever.
324
00:15:31,510 --> 00:15:34,690
And then I called organisers
and I said, "Let's postpone."
325
00:15:34,690 --> 00:15:36,920
They said, "But you know,
we invited so many people,
326
00:15:36,920 --> 00:15:39,467
"so this is big event."
327
00:15:39,467 --> 00:15:41,850
So I couldn't postpone the first game,
328
00:15:41,850 --> 00:15:43,373
I had to play ill.
329
00:15:44,840 --> 00:15:47,640
I started with the loss with white pieces,
330
00:15:47,640 --> 00:15:52,640
and after this, I beat Spassky
four games almost in a row.
331
00:15:53,860 --> 00:15:56,600
- Beating Spassky in
1974, which I think was
332
00:15:56,600 --> 00:15:59,030
one of the peaks of Karpov's career,
333
00:15:59,030 --> 00:16:01,320
Spassky played much better than regular,
334
00:16:01,320 --> 00:16:02,303
and he still lost.
335
00:16:03,490 --> 00:16:05,567
- After this match with Spassky
336
00:16:05,567 --> 00:16:07,960
and my fantastic preparation,
337
00:16:07,960 --> 00:16:10,003
I changed my openings.
338
00:16:11,360 --> 00:16:15,050
I thought, "Now, I can
fight for world champion."
339
00:16:15,050 --> 00:16:16,900
- [Narrator] When Karpov
and Korchnoi won through
340
00:16:16,900 --> 00:16:18,940
to the final, it already looked likely
341
00:16:18,940 --> 00:16:21,152
that Fischer wouldn't play either of them.
342
00:16:21,152 --> 00:16:23,400
The final of the candidates' match
343
00:16:23,400 --> 00:16:25,110
was now increasingly looking as though
344
00:16:25,110 --> 00:16:27,640
it could decide the
world champion himself.
345
00:16:27,640 --> 00:16:30,670
- Then, he approached each
person in press centre,
346
00:16:30,670 --> 00:16:34,187
and we had many mutual
friends, and he said,
347
00:16:34,187 --> 00:16:38,950
"We meet with Karpov in the
final, and now you must choose
348
00:16:38,950 --> 00:16:41,927
"with whom you continue your relations,
349
00:16:41,927 --> 00:16:43,207
"with me or with Karpov."
350
00:16:44,801 --> 00:16:46,544
It is not strange.
351
00:16:46,544 --> 00:16:49,526
So many people, even
old friends of Korchnoi,
352
00:16:49,526 --> 00:16:51,911
they were surprised and they told me
353
00:16:51,911 --> 00:16:53,820
what his strange behaviour.
354
00:16:53,820 --> 00:16:56,829
- The Soviets had really
made the decision,
355
00:16:56,829 --> 00:16:59,460
Anatoly was going to be the
challenger to Bobby Fischer.
356
00:16:59,460 --> 00:17:03,110
- If anyone could fight against
Fischer, it could be Karpov,
357
00:17:03,110 --> 00:17:05,650
because he was younger than Fischer.
358
00:17:05,650 --> 00:17:08,670
- With Korchnoi, we
were on very good terms.
359
00:17:08,670 --> 00:17:13,670
We did mutual preparation
before, in '71 and '72,
360
00:17:13,980 --> 00:17:16,620
but in '74, he was complaining
361
00:17:16,620 --> 00:17:19,570
officials were not on his side.
362
00:17:19,570 --> 00:17:21,191
But he did everything.
363
00:17:21,191 --> 00:17:24,920
Officials should be on my side. (laughs)
364
00:17:24,920 --> 00:17:27,397
- Viktor says it at the
start of one of his books:
365
00:17:27,397 --> 00:17:29,307
"I was no wunderkind.
366
00:17:29,307 --> 00:17:31,910
"I was no wonder child."
367
00:17:31,910 --> 00:17:34,390
Whereas Karpov, his talent
was one of the biggest
368
00:17:34,390 --> 00:17:37,010
in the history of chess,
so he was given everything.
369
00:17:37,010 --> 00:17:40,850
- Officials wanted to
have this match in Moscow.
370
00:17:40,850 --> 00:17:43,170
But that time, we both lived in Leningrad.
371
00:17:43,170 --> 00:17:47,010
He said that he would
prefer to play in Leningrad,
372
00:17:47,010 --> 00:17:48,510
and I was not against.
373
00:17:48,510 --> 00:17:50,327
And then I said, "It's okay.
374
00:17:50,327 --> 00:17:52,997
"Let's make agreement.
375
00:17:52,997 --> 00:17:55,950
"I want to play at five o'clock,"
376
00:17:55,950 --> 00:17:57,950
and this was only my condition.
377
00:17:57,950 --> 00:17:59,560
So I went to Minister of Sport.
378
00:17:59,560 --> 00:18:02,407
He said, "Okay, if you both
want to play in Leningrad,
379
00:18:02,407 --> 00:18:04,349
"what to do?
380
00:18:04,349 --> 00:18:05,182
"Play in Leningrad."
381
00:18:05,182 --> 00:18:07,960
- This was a fascinating clash of styles.
382
00:18:07,960 --> 00:18:10,890
It almost was like their
personalities as well,
383
00:18:10,890 --> 00:18:13,327
because Karpov was quite reserved,
384
00:18:13,327 --> 00:18:16,750
whereas Korchnoi, he likes
to put himself out there,
385
00:18:16,750 --> 00:18:18,283
he likes to provoke people.
386
00:18:20,740 --> 00:18:24,470
- The first minute I enter
my apartment, telephone.
387
00:18:24,470 --> 00:18:28,337
Korchnoi, he said, "I don't
agree to start our games
388
00:18:28,337 --> 00:18:30,047
"at five o'clock.
389
00:18:30,047 --> 00:18:32,608
"I would insist to start at three,"
390
00:18:32,608 --> 00:18:37,590
and he knew quite well
that I am late bird.
391
00:18:37,590 --> 00:18:40,053
Then I said, "Viktor, we agreed,
392
00:18:41,087 --> 00:18:46,087
"with witness, your close
friend and my close friend."
393
00:18:46,660 --> 00:18:48,480
Immediately I rang the ministry.
394
00:18:48,480 --> 00:18:51,942
I said, "We can play at
Tbilisi, we can play Yerevan,"
395
00:18:51,942 --> 00:18:55,750
(laughing) "we can play Kiev, Moscow."
396
00:18:55,750 --> 00:18:59,000
And then he said, "But we
want you to play Moscow."
397
00:18:59,000 --> 00:19:00,900
I said, "Anywhere, but not Leningrad."
398
00:19:02,320 --> 00:19:04,237
And then he said, "If
Korchnoi doesn't know
399
00:19:04,237 --> 00:19:06,727
"how to keep the word,
then my position will be
400
00:19:06,727 --> 00:19:10,560
"you play in Moscow and we start
the games at five o'clock."
401
00:19:10,560 --> 00:19:13,187
And from this, Korchnoi said, "Okay,
402
00:19:13,187 --> 00:19:15,870
"officials are on the Karpov side."
403
00:19:15,870 --> 00:19:20,303
- The system was really
behind Anatoly Karpov.
404
00:19:20,303 --> 00:19:21,760
(applauding)
405
00:19:21,760 --> 00:19:23,900
- [Korchnoi] They are
shouting, "Smash him!
406
00:19:23,900 --> 00:19:25,037
"Well done, Tolya!
407
00:19:25,037 --> 00:19:25,870
"Smash him, Tolya!"
408
00:19:25,870 --> 00:19:28,810
All these shouts which
are made by the Soviets,
409
00:19:28,810 --> 00:19:32,400
very artificial, because I am
always thinking at the board.
410
00:19:32,400 --> 00:19:35,439
He is playing quickly, well, he's genius.
411
00:19:35,439 --> 00:19:37,540
I'm working hard.
412
00:19:37,540 --> 00:19:39,910
- [Narrator] Korchnoi eventually
lost the 24-game match
413
00:19:39,910 --> 00:19:42,953
by the slender margin of one point.
414
00:19:42,953 --> 00:19:44,970
But whereas Karpov had received the help
415
00:19:44,970 --> 00:19:46,802
of the best chess brains in Russia,
416
00:19:46,802 --> 00:19:49,180
Korchnoi felt that it was no coincidence
417
00:19:49,180 --> 00:19:52,140
that the top grand masters
who wanted to help him,
418
00:19:52,140 --> 00:19:54,940
such as previous world
champion Vasily Smyslov
419
00:19:54,940 --> 00:19:56,750
and challenger David Bronstein,
420
00:19:56,750 --> 00:19:59,700
had been sent away from
Moscow for six weeks.
421
00:19:59,700 --> 00:20:03,033
They both returned to Moscow
after the match had finished.
422
00:20:04,140 --> 00:20:06,380
- It was unfair conditions.
423
00:20:06,380 --> 00:20:10,480
Top, top grand masters
wanted to help Korchnoi,
424
00:20:10,480 --> 00:20:12,570
and they had to do it surreptitiously
425
00:20:12,570 --> 00:20:16,590
with phone calls in the middle
of the night from payphones
426
00:20:16,590 --> 00:20:18,410
so that the KGB couldn't listen in.
427
00:20:18,410 --> 00:20:20,023
- At the end of the match,
428
00:20:20,982 --> 00:20:25,410
Karpov weighted only 45 kilogrammes.
429
00:20:25,410 --> 00:20:27,838
This is a dangerous weight.
430
00:20:27,838 --> 00:20:31,290
- Viktor Korchnoi could accept this loss
431
00:20:31,290 --> 00:20:34,690
and he had made some bad
remarks about Karpov,
432
00:20:34,690 --> 00:20:37,210
after which his career was in danger.
433
00:20:37,210 --> 00:20:40,343
- He was talking about Karpov
not being as a good player,
434
00:20:40,343 --> 00:20:43,220
someone who is just lucky.
435
00:20:43,220 --> 00:20:47,306
- In Communist time yeah
you know some comments
436
00:20:47,306 --> 00:20:50,820
(sighs) were not accepted.
437
00:20:50,820 --> 00:20:53,670
- Korchnoi was made to suffer
by the Soviet authorities.
438
00:20:53,670 --> 00:20:55,440
That would have built up
this kind of bitterness
439
00:20:55,440 --> 00:20:56,960
and rancour against the Soviet system,
440
00:20:56,960 --> 00:20:59,430
and against this one man, Karpov.
441
00:20:59,430 --> 00:21:00,263
- [Narrator] When Korchnoi
442
00:21:00,263 --> 00:21:02,280
was punished for incorrect behaviour
443
00:21:02,280 --> 00:21:03,710
and forbidden from travelling abroad
444
00:21:03,710 --> 00:21:05,900
to play chess, his bitter rival,
445
00:21:05,900 --> 00:21:08,240
former world champion Tigram Petrosian,
446
00:21:08,240 --> 00:21:10,130
was the first to
criticise him in the press
447
00:21:10,130 --> 00:21:11,530
and call for his punishment.
448
00:21:13,497 --> 00:21:16,794
- Petrosian disqualified
Korchnoi for one year.
449
00:21:16,794 --> 00:21:21,632
I was concentrated on my
preparation with Fischer,
450
00:21:21,632 --> 00:21:24,160
and I didn't know what Federation did.
451
00:21:24,160 --> 00:21:27,367
- [Narrator] Karpov was calculating.
452
00:21:27,367 --> 00:21:32,367
He had to steer his own path
through this Soviet minefield.
453
00:21:32,411 --> 00:21:36,100
- Only after beat Korchnoi,
people started to believe
454
00:21:36,100 --> 00:21:39,180
that maybe he can beat Fischer.
455
00:21:39,180 --> 00:21:40,630
- But Bobby wasn't playing;
456
00:21:40,630 --> 00:21:45,630
Bobby was mired in this incredible
doomsday Christian cult.
457
00:21:48,760 --> 00:21:50,790
Bobby had his demons.
458
00:21:50,790 --> 00:21:52,200
- Fischer couldn't make himself
459
00:21:52,200 --> 00:21:53,550
ready to play against Karpov.
460
00:21:53,550 --> 00:21:55,960
Karpov was a player that
Fischer didn't know,
461
00:21:55,960 --> 00:21:58,110
and Fischer was always afraid
462
00:21:58,110 --> 00:21:59,897
of something that the didn't know.
463
00:21:59,897 --> 00:22:02,860
- Karpov didn't have the
chance to beat Fischer,
464
00:22:02,860 --> 00:22:05,310
so he had to prove himself
as a world champion
465
00:22:05,310 --> 00:22:07,440
in some other way, and
he managed to do that.
466
00:22:07,440 --> 00:22:09,055
He's quite impressive.
467
00:22:09,055 --> 00:22:11,290
He won almost every tournament he played.
468
00:22:11,290 --> 00:22:13,455
- It was the first world champion
469
00:22:13,455 --> 00:22:16,916
who really was not afraid
to face challenges.
470
00:22:16,916 --> 00:22:18,780
- [Narrator] After Karpov had won back
471
00:22:18,780 --> 00:22:20,470
the World Chess Championship,
472
00:22:20,470 --> 00:22:23,160
the restrictions on Korchnoi were lifted.
473
00:22:23,160 --> 00:22:25,690
To the the Sports
Committee, Korchnoi was just
474
00:22:25,690 --> 00:22:27,791
a troublesome yesterday man.
475
00:22:27,791 --> 00:22:29,230
- Korchnoi realised that
476
00:22:29,230 --> 00:22:31,290
he wouldn't be able to win the title
477
00:22:32,343 --> 00:22:34,130
while staying the Soviet Union.
478
00:22:34,130 --> 00:22:37,140
- Chess professionals were
not independent contractors.
479
00:22:37,140 --> 00:22:39,030
They all were paid by the state,
480
00:22:39,030 --> 00:22:43,150
their trips to the West were
sanctioned by the state.
481
00:22:43,150 --> 00:22:46,470
- The state provides you
with all life opportunities,
482
00:22:46,470 --> 00:22:51,470
and in return, it demands 100% conformity.
483
00:22:53,489 --> 00:22:56,507
- Viktor Korchnoi pleaded many times,
484
00:22:56,507 --> 00:23:01,207
"I like to decide myself where I am going,
485
00:23:01,207 --> 00:23:04,799
"when I am going, which
tournament I am playing,
486
00:23:04,799 --> 00:23:08,450
"and not the Sport Committee
who is deciding for me."
487
00:23:08,450 --> 00:23:13,140
- The Soviet Union, it is not
allowed to tell, normally,
488
00:23:13,140 --> 00:23:18,140
like in the Western, in the free world.
489
00:23:19,924 --> 00:23:23,561
- So Viktor Korchnoi
realised that the only way
490
00:23:23,561 --> 00:23:27,936
to continue his profession
was to leave the Soviet Union.
491
00:23:27,936 --> 00:23:30,436
(tense music)
492
00:23:31,900 --> 00:23:33,580
- [Reporter] Impossible
doesn't seem to be a word
493
00:23:33,580 --> 00:23:36,420
that's recognised any longer
by determined escapists
494
00:23:36,420 --> 00:23:37,970
with friends on the other side.
495
00:23:40,201 --> 00:23:42,951
(people yelling)
496
00:23:50,542 --> 00:23:53,920
- In the beginning of 1976 in January,
497
00:23:53,920 --> 00:23:57,530
Viktor and me, we played in Hastings.
498
00:23:57,530 --> 00:24:00,950
- To obtain his visa
Korchnoi needed some support,
499
00:24:00,950 --> 00:24:05,260
so I gave him guarantee that
he can go and nothing happens.
500
00:24:05,260 --> 00:24:08,560
- [Sosonoko] We were walking,
discussing only one problem:
501
00:24:08,560 --> 00:24:13,050
how, for Viktor, it's easier
to leave Soviet Union.
502
00:24:13,050 --> 00:24:15,580
They will not give him
permission because he was
503
00:24:15,580 --> 00:24:18,350
one of the leading Soviet
chess grand masters.
504
00:24:18,350 --> 00:24:21,730
- We met in Hastings and we drank whiskey
505
00:24:21,730 --> 00:24:23,255
for the whole night.
506
00:24:23,255 --> 00:24:25,580
And he was very open.
507
00:24:25,580 --> 00:24:28,960
I gave him even some
tip, where should he go.
508
00:24:28,960 --> 00:24:32,370
- Most easy solution: play
in a tournament abroad
509
00:24:32,370 --> 00:24:34,287
and don't go back to the Soviet Union.
510
00:24:34,287 --> 00:24:36,917
"But you understand that after that,
511
00:24:36,917 --> 00:24:41,080
"your family will be family of a traitor."
512
00:24:41,080 --> 00:24:44,610
- Bela, the wife of Korchnoi, told me,
513
00:24:44,610 --> 00:24:46,988
"Well, you know, Mr Hort,
514
00:24:46,988 --> 00:24:51,827
"I am always afraid that
somebody's even already watching us
515
00:24:51,827 --> 00:24:53,817
"when we are went to toilet."
516
00:24:54,730 --> 00:24:57,710
- [Sosonoko] Half a year later,
he came back to Amsterdam
517
00:24:57,710 --> 00:24:59,130
to play their IBM tournament.
518
00:24:59,130 --> 00:25:02,137
- Korchnoi went to Tony
Miles and he asked him,
519
00:25:02,137 --> 00:25:04,116
"How do you spell political asylum?"
520
00:25:04,116 --> 00:25:07,187
- On the very last day,
the taxi driver asked him,
521
00:25:07,187 --> 00:25:09,257
"Where we are going to, sir?"
522
00:25:10,212 --> 00:25:13,047
And he told me, "I didn't know.
523
00:25:13,047 --> 00:25:14,447
"I didn't know what to say."
524
00:25:16,637 --> 00:25:18,707
"Sir, where we are going to?"
525
00:25:19,937 --> 00:25:21,293
"Amsterdam," I said.
526
00:25:22,140 --> 00:25:23,640
- He finally made that decision
527
00:25:23,640 --> 00:25:26,410
and it came as quite a
surprise for everyone.
528
00:25:26,410 --> 00:25:29,300
That was a terrible blow
for the Soviet Union.
529
00:25:29,300 --> 00:25:32,360
- Later on, he was saying
that he didn't put me
530
00:25:32,360 --> 00:25:34,790
in the corner, in difficult position,
531
00:25:34,790 --> 00:25:37,713
because he left country
not during the first trip
532
00:25:37,713 --> 00:25:40,570
but during the second. (laughs)
533
00:25:40,570 --> 00:25:42,437
- He wasn't a political animal.
534
00:25:42,437 --> 00:25:45,160
He simply wanted to play chess,
535
00:25:45,160 --> 00:25:48,158
but he wanted to play
chess and be himself,
536
00:25:48,158 --> 00:25:51,550
and in the Soviet Union,
that was not possible.
537
00:25:51,550 --> 00:25:54,740
- Bela, his wife, Igor, his son,
538
00:25:54,740 --> 00:25:59,598
were literally trapped and
stuck behind the Iron Curtain.
539
00:25:59,598 --> 00:26:04,598
- We imagine you will probably
never see them anymore.
540
00:26:05,180 --> 00:26:07,230
- The Soviets labelled him as a criminal.
541
00:26:07,230 --> 00:26:09,330
- Judas of chess.
542
00:26:09,330 --> 00:26:11,030
- He was given
round-the-clock police guard
543
00:26:11,030 --> 00:26:13,670
by the Dutch police, well aware that
544
00:26:13,670 --> 00:26:15,410
the Soviets could come and take him out.
545
00:26:15,410 --> 00:26:19,910
- Viktor was a threat to the
World Chess Championship.
546
00:26:19,910 --> 00:26:23,530
With absolute, 100% certainty,
547
00:26:23,530 --> 00:26:26,683
Viktor had no doubts he
would be assassinated.
548
00:26:27,970 --> 00:26:32,240
- When certain people
left the Soviet Union,
549
00:26:32,240 --> 00:26:34,370
they had special aim,
550
00:26:34,370 --> 00:26:39,370
they are preparing hostile
activity against me.
551
00:26:40,140 --> 00:26:42,420
- The Soviet press, typical for that time,
552
00:26:42,420 --> 00:26:45,300
tried to avoid mentioning
Korchnoi by name.
553
00:26:45,300 --> 00:26:47,170
- He was a persona non grata,
554
00:26:47,170 --> 00:26:50,590
he was airbrushed out
of Soviet chess history.
555
00:26:50,590 --> 00:26:52,910
- If they could drop his name, they did.
556
00:26:52,910 --> 00:26:54,383
- Contender, challenger.
557
00:26:55,345 --> 00:26:56,800
Rarely Korchnoi.
558
00:26:56,800 --> 00:26:58,650
- So, chess players, between themselves,
559
00:26:58,650 --> 00:27:00,790
started calling him Villain.
560
00:27:00,790 --> 00:27:03,600
- It's like, Voldemort,
561
00:27:03,600 --> 00:27:05,896
the name that cannot be mentioned.
562
00:27:05,896 --> 00:27:08,431
- What Korchnoi did after he defected
563
00:27:08,431 --> 00:27:10,450
was quite effective.
564
00:27:10,450 --> 00:27:12,419
- His chess blossomed after he left.
565
00:27:12,419 --> 00:27:14,060
- [Narrator] As the candidates matches
566
00:27:14,060 --> 00:27:16,435
for the 1978 World
Championship approached,
567
00:27:16,435 --> 00:27:20,890
Viktor Korchnoi was still
subject to a Soviet boycott.
568
00:27:20,890 --> 00:27:23,576
He could not play in any
tournament in the Eastern bloc,
569
00:27:23,576 --> 00:27:26,050
and no Soviet-bloc player would be sent
570
00:27:26,050 --> 00:27:28,340
to play in a Western tournament.
571
00:27:28,340 --> 00:27:30,640
The World Championship
candidates' matches, however,
572
00:27:30,640 --> 00:27:32,850
were not subject to this boycott,
573
00:27:32,850 --> 00:27:35,183
and fate was to take an unusual turn.
574
00:27:37,890 --> 00:27:42,250
- He played a match against
Petrosian in the quarterfinal.
575
00:27:42,250 --> 00:27:45,090
- He had a bitter rivalry with Petrosian,
576
00:27:45,090 --> 00:27:47,050
you know kicking each
other under the table
577
00:27:47,050 --> 00:27:48,890
and all kinds of stuff going on.
578
00:27:48,890 --> 00:27:53,030
He faced Lev Polugaevsky, another
very strong Soviet player,
579
00:27:53,030 --> 00:27:57,360
and he played Boris Spassky,
former World Champion,
580
00:27:57,360 --> 00:28:00,210
also from the Soviet Union.
581
00:28:00,210 --> 00:28:03,550
- Spassky, who was
married to a French lady
582
00:28:03,550 --> 00:28:07,093
who was a diplomat's daughter,
was living in France,
583
00:28:08,060 --> 00:28:11,850
and for Viktor, it was impossible
584
00:28:11,850 --> 00:28:16,802
for any Soviet to live
outside the Soviet Union
585
00:28:16,802 --> 00:28:21,010
with the acquiescence of the Soviet system
586
00:28:21,010 --> 00:28:22,433
unless he was KGB.
587
00:28:24,720 --> 00:28:27,821
- Even though Spassky was an
emigre from the Soviet Union,
588
00:28:27,821 --> 00:28:30,140
Korchnoi grew to hate Spassky.
589
00:28:30,140 --> 00:28:33,050
- This match was a
remarkable roller coaster.
590
00:28:33,050 --> 00:28:35,010
Viktor won a whole series of games,
591
00:28:35,010 --> 00:28:38,410
and then Spassky established
this tactic of withdrawing
592
00:28:38,410 --> 00:28:41,567
from the stage, and he won a
whole series of games back,
593
00:28:41,567 --> 00:28:45,763
and then Viktor recovered his
composure to win the match.
594
00:28:46,890 --> 00:28:48,640
- [Narrator] Although
World Championship matches
595
00:28:48,640 --> 00:28:50,151
are played between two players,
596
00:28:50,151 --> 00:28:52,910
each player has a small team of seconds
597
00:28:52,910 --> 00:28:55,023
comprised of world-class grand masters.
598
00:28:56,110 --> 00:28:58,060
- If they watch you in the
tournament oh for instance,
599
00:28:58,060 --> 00:29:01,217
they can say, "Your opponent
made three moves fast
600
00:29:01,217 --> 00:29:04,210
"and I noticed that you lost
it, you lost your cool."
601
00:29:04,210 --> 00:29:05,990
This sort of observation
can be very useful,
602
00:29:05,990 --> 00:29:08,210
because it is what decides games.
603
00:29:08,210 --> 00:29:12,333
- When Batuidi played
Bronstein or Smyslov or Tal,
604
00:29:12,333 --> 00:29:15,610
or Spassky played Petrosian,
there were teams already,
605
00:29:15,610 --> 00:29:18,820
but with Karpov, everything
turned into machinery.
606
00:29:18,820 --> 00:29:21,720
- Unfortunately, Furman my
main trainer, passed away
607
00:29:21,720 --> 00:29:23,800
half a year before the match.
608
00:29:23,800 --> 00:29:25,310
It was big problem for me,
609
00:29:25,310 --> 00:29:27,590
because I had to organise new team.
610
00:29:27,590 --> 00:29:31,423
So I had to play new role,
because I had to lead my team.
611
00:29:32,667 --> 00:29:34,800
- The team was composed of Michael Tal,
612
00:29:34,800 --> 00:29:35,633
former World Champion,
613
00:29:35,633 --> 00:29:39,010
Lev Pulgaevsky, fantastic
player and theoritician,
614
00:29:39,010 --> 00:29:41,595
Yuri Baleshov, also very strong player
615
00:29:41,595 --> 00:29:43,020
and profound theoritician,
616
00:29:43,020 --> 00:29:47,380
and Igor Zaetsev, the guy who
was not such a strong player
617
00:29:47,380 --> 00:29:49,890
but had absolutely original ideas.
618
00:29:49,890 --> 00:29:53,720
- It's not only having Tal
and other leading players
619
00:29:53,720 --> 00:29:55,420
helping Anatoly Karpov,
620
00:29:55,420 --> 00:29:58,023
but also KGB using every
dirty trick in the book.
621
00:29:59,130 --> 00:30:01,207
- The leader of the Soviet
delegation was the head
622
00:30:01,207 --> 00:30:03,650
of Soviet Chess Federation.
623
00:30:03,650 --> 00:30:07,060
His name was Viktor Davidovich Batuinsky,
624
00:30:07,060 --> 00:30:09,676
who was a colonel in the KGB.
625
00:30:09,676 --> 00:30:11,370
- He was very mighty.
626
00:30:11,370 --> 00:30:13,160
He was procurator, already,
627
00:30:13,160 --> 00:30:17,060
who signed the death
warrant in Soviet system.
628
00:30:17,060 --> 00:30:18,627
- Of course, he is infamous for his role
629
00:30:18,627 --> 00:30:21,190
in the Stalinistic days,
but on the other hand,
630
00:30:21,190 --> 00:30:22,850
he was quite a good chess player,
631
00:30:22,850 --> 00:30:27,850
and he also had a very vast chess library,
632
00:30:29,240 --> 00:30:31,450
one of the biggest in the world.
633
00:30:31,450 --> 00:30:33,590
- [Narrator] With a delegation
of seconds, bodyguards,
634
00:30:33,590 --> 00:30:35,497
a psychologist, a personal chef,
635
00:30:35,497 --> 00:30:37,140
and KGB advisors and officials,
636
00:30:37,140 --> 00:30:41,356
Karpov's entourage was
just short of 20 people.
637
00:30:41,356 --> 00:30:43,790
All were paid for by the Soviet state.
638
00:30:43,790 --> 00:30:46,630
- He very often had a KGB man with him,
639
00:30:46,630 --> 00:30:48,610
Vladimir Pleshakov was his name.
640
00:30:48,610 --> 00:30:52,120
And Vladimir Pleshakov,
somebody who was actually armed.
641
00:30:52,120 --> 00:30:56,650
- He was responsible
for the life of Anatoly.
642
00:30:56,650 --> 00:30:58,650
- I also got along with him quite well,
643
00:30:58,650 --> 00:31:00,423
but he was a terrible alcoholic.
644
00:31:02,160 --> 00:31:03,490
- [Reporter] Karpov's official car
645
00:31:03,490 --> 00:31:06,710
crashed into a pine tree on
a mountain road one night,
646
00:31:06,710 --> 00:31:09,809
and the first people on
the scene found it empty.
647
00:31:09,809 --> 00:31:12,049
(speaking in foreign language)
648
00:31:12,049 --> 00:31:12,882
- Anatoly car, where is Anatoly?
649
00:31:12,882 --> 00:31:13,715
- [Man] Nobody knows.
650
00:31:14,600 --> 00:31:16,780
- [Narrator] In comparison,
Korchnoi's delegation
651
00:31:16,780 --> 00:31:19,050
numbered just three seconds.
652
00:31:19,050 --> 00:31:23,013
- Ray Keene was known to be
a very good theoritician.
653
00:31:23,861 --> 00:31:26,740
And Stean was also quite a strong player,
654
00:31:26,740 --> 00:31:28,257
very promising player.
655
00:31:28,257 --> 00:31:30,930
- I thought I could really help Korchnoi,
656
00:31:30,930 --> 00:31:33,290
and the innovatory creativity
657
00:31:33,290 --> 00:31:36,045
that was permeating
British chess at the time
658
00:31:36,045 --> 00:31:39,380
would be something that
would give him added punch.
659
00:31:39,380 --> 00:31:41,465
- I became kind of the rational voice.
660
00:31:41,465 --> 00:31:45,828
Ray Keene had this slightly
more presidential approach.
661
00:31:45,828 --> 00:31:47,890
- Korchnoi then wanted to add Yasha Murey,
662
00:31:47,890 --> 00:31:48,830
who I had doubts about.
663
00:31:48,830 --> 00:31:53,486
- The ex-Soviet who had these
wonderful, flamboyant ideas,
664
00:31:53,486 --> 00:31:55,630
very few of them had ever worked,
665
00:31:55,630 --> 00:31:58,060
but the ones that did mattered.
666
00:31:58,060 --> 00:31:59,560
- [Narrator] The one
non-chess-playing person
667
00:31:59,560 --> 00:32:03,610
in Viktor Korchnoi's
delegation was Petra Leeuwerik.
668
00:32:03,610 --> 00:32:05,220
With her Austrian-Dutch background,
669
00:32:05,220 --> 00:32:07,290
she became an implacable
enemy of Communism
670
00:32:07,290 --> 00:32:09,740
in the Soviet-controlled
sector of Austria and Germany
671
00:32:09,740 --> 00:32:10,883
after World War II.
672
00:32:11,810 --> 00:32:16,810
- Petra was an extraordinary
woman of incredible energy.
673
00:32:17,600 --> 00:32:19,580
So loyal to Viktor.
674
00:32:19,580 --> 00:32:21,510
- She used to play chess as a hobby,
675
00:32:21,510 --> 00:32:23,625
and then she met Viktor.
676
00:32:23,625 --> 00:32:27,550
It was during the super
tennis exhibition in Zurich,
677
00:32:27,550 --> 00:32:32,410
and Viktor had seen the book
of Tolstoy in Russian language,
678
00:32:32,410 --> 00:32:37,410
and he asked, "Who is
here reading Russian?"
679
00:32:38,240 --> 00:32:42,963
- Petra was virulently anti-communist.
680
00:32:44,120 --> 00:32:48,510
She had been a terrorist
against the Soviets,
681
00:32:48,510 --> 00:32:52,250
literally fought against
them, had been arrested.
682
00:32:52,250 --> 00:32:55,030
- She's from the Soviet part of Wien,
683
00:32:55,890 --> 00:32:59,330
and when she was 18, they had took her
684
00:32:59,330 --> 00:33:02,250
and they put her in the prison,
685
00:33:02,250 --> 00:33:07,250
and after 10 years, 1956, she was released
686
00:33:07,540 --> 00:33:09,843
in the so-called Adenauer Amnesty.
687
00:33:10,720 --> 00:33:15,450
- Petra was his rock; he needed
somebody to fall back on.
688
00:33:15,450 --> 00:33:19,920
He needed emotional support,
and he needed somebody
689
00:33:19,920 --> 00:33:23,563
who understood what he had been through.
690
00:33:24,660 --> 00:33:27,500
Somebody who spent 10 years
in a Soviet labour camp
691
00:33:27,500 --> 00:33:28,933
knows what it's like.
692
00:33:30,650 --> 00:33:35,043
- She became a bodyguard, manager,
693
00:33:36,520 --> 00:33:39,313
housekeeper, secretary, girlfriend.
694
00:33:41,217 --> 00:33:43,030
- Korchnoi had a very
capable team behind him,
695
00:33:43,030 --> 00:33:47,170
but it's difficult to compare
with a team led by Tal.
696
00:33:47,170 --> 00:33:49,611
- It was world champions
against a bunch of amateurs.
697
00:33:49,611 --> 00:33:51,329
(laughs) I mean, it was no contest.
698
00:33:51,329 --> 00:33:53,850
- [Narrator] When Karpov won
the World Champion's title
699
00:33:53,850 --> 00:33:57,200
in 1975, he became only
the 12th World Champion
700
00:33:57,200 --> 00:33:58,400
since the contest began.
701
00:33:59,300 --> 00:34:02,350
Instead of the normal schedule
of the best of 24 games,
702
00:34:02,350 --> 00:34:04,310
in Baguio, it was decided that the winner
703
00:34:04,310 --> 00:34:07,170
was to be the first
person to win six games.
704
00:34:07,170 --> 00:34:09,210
In theory, this meant that the match
705
00:34:09,210 --> 00:34:10,803
had no definite end date.
706
00:34:12,060 --> 00:34:14,940
- World Championship
match, it's a crown jewel.
707
00:34:14,940 --> 00:34:17,010
There were only 16 world champions
708
00:34:17,010 --> 00:34:19,780
since the first official match in 1886;
709
00:34:19,780 --> 00:34:21,910
that tells you the value of the title.
710
00:34:21,910 --> 00:34:23,700
- Competing in World Championship is
711
00:34:25,330 --> 00:34:27,910
different from
psychological point of view,
712
00:34:27,910 --> 00:34:30,066
because it's a big pressure on you.
713
00:34:30,066 --> 00:34:34,140
The pressure is enormous if
you have to play such matches.
714
00:34:34,140 --> 00:34:37,760
A constant pressure, actually, for years.
715
00:34:37,760 --> 00:34:39,980
- From an emotional point of view,
716
00:34:39,980 --> 00:34:42,480
when I lost to Garry Kasparov,
717
00:34:42,480 --> 00:34:45,740
it took me almost two decades
718
00:34:45,740 --> 00:34:47,733
before I could look at these games.
719
00:34:48,866 --> 00:34:52,030
It was actually that traumatic.
720
00:34:52,030 --> 00:34:54,070
- Beating the World
Champion, it's very different
721
00:34:54,070 --> 00:34:56,503
from beating all the contenders
on the way to the match.
722
00:34:56,503 --> 00:34:59,130
It's like climbing Mount Everest.
723
00:34:59,130 --> 00:35:01,220
- The difference between tournament
724
00:35:01,220 --> 00:35:02,810
and a World Championship match
725
00:35:02,810 --> 00:35:05,550
is that, obviously, you
only play one person.
726
00:35:05,550 --> 00:35:07,590
- You're trying to find some weakness,
727
00:35:07,590 --> 00:35:10,430
either in their personality
or their psychology.
728
00:35:10,430 --> 00:35:13,910
- It's a Darwinian experience.
729
00:35:13,910 --> 00:35:16,030
- Seeing the same guy day after day,
730
00:35:16,030 --> 00:35:18,600
or in their case, week after
week, month after month,
731
00:35:18,600 --> 00:35:20,410
it's a different tension.
732
00:35:20,410 --> 00:35:22,410
- Any two chess players
playing a game are trying
733
00:35:22,410 --> 00:35:25,000
to draw each other into
their weakest areas.
734
00:35:25,000 --> 00:35:26,620
- You cannot be nice to your opponents.
735
00:35:26,620 --> 00:35:29,140
- Every strategy which can
destabilise your opponent
736
00:35:29,140 --> 00:35:30,320
is a good one.
737
00:35:30,320 --> 00:35:33,070
- The winner of the
match, it's decided by,
738
00:35:33,070 --> 00:35:33,910
I think, by two factors.
739
00:35:33,910 --> 00:35:37,440
One is how soon you can
learn about your opponents
740
00:35:37,440 --> 00:35:39,636
and from your mistakes and to adjust,
741
00:35:39,636 --> 00:35:43,200
and second is how strong you are
742
00:35:43,200 --> 00:35:45,323
to stay calm under pressure.
743
00:35:46,660 --> 00:35:50,180
- [Narrator] In July 1978,
Karpov and Korchnoi arrived
744
00:35:50,180 --> 00:35:52,930
in Baguio City in the Philippines.
745
00:35:52,930 --> 00:35:56,200
President Marcos, a keen chess
player, and his wife Imelda,
746
00:35:56,200 --> 00:35:58,110
were sponsors of the match.
747
00:35:58,110 --> 00:36:01,250
The prize fund was over
half a million US dollars,
748
00:36:01,250 --> 00:36:05,110
with the winner earning $350,000.
749
00:36:05,110 --> 00:36:08,270
In comparison, the men's
tennis champion at Wimbledon
750
00:36:08,270 --> 00:36:10,260
that same month--
- 15-love.
751
00:36:10,260 --> 00:36:13,253
- [Narrator] Was taking
away a mere 19,000 pounds.
752
00:36:14,530 --> 00:36:15,810
The scene was set
753
00:36:15,810 --> 00:36:18,510
for the most remarkable World
Chess Championship ever.
754
00:36:19,410 --> 00:36:21,830
- The excitement about the
match and the publicity
755
00:36:21,830 --> 00:36:23,400
was very much connected to the fact
756
00:36:23,400 --> 00:36:25,191
that Korchnoi was a defector
757
00:36:25,191 --> 00:36:28,360
and Karpov was darling of the system.
758
00:36:28,360 --> 00:36:33,360
- You had a match staged
in the Philippines
759
00:36:33,410 --> 00:36:36,700
with this incredibly dubious regime,
760
00:36:36,700 --> 00:36:39,333
the Marcos regime who was sponsoring it.
761
00:36:40,550 --> 00:36:42,530
- The proclamation of martial law
762
00:36:42,530 --> 00:36:45,700
is not a military takeover.
763
00:36:45,700 --> 00:36:48,333
- It was just mad.
764
00:36:49,910 --> 00:36:52,970
- [Reporter] On to the
Philippines, to the city of Baguio,
765
00:36:52,970 --> 00:36:55,473
240 kilometres south of Manila.
766
00:36:56,440 --> 00:36:59,660
It's become a familiar
dateline for chess fans,
767
00:36:59,660 --> 00:37:02,770
because the world
champion, Anatoly Karpov,
768
00:37:02,770 --> 00:37:04,250
is defending his title here
769
00:37:04,250 --> 00:37:06,733
against the challenger, Viktor Korchnoi.
770
00:37:07,920 --> 00:37:10,310
It has proved to be a dramatic encounter
771
00:37:10,310 --> 00:37:12,640
with endless disputes and rangles.
772
00:37:12,640 --> 00:37:16,500
About flags, thought
waves, mirrored glasses,
773
00:37:16,500 --> 00:37:18,800
and even tubs of yoghourt.
774
00:37:18,800 --> 00:37:22,370
The setting is a brand new
convention centre in Baguio,
775
00:37:22,370 --> 00:37:25,080
built to accommodate up to 1,000 people.
776
00:37:25,080 --> 00:37:28,100
And the Phillippino government
spared no cost or effort
777
00:37:28,100 --> 00:37:30,250
to get everything right.
778
00:37:30,250 --> 00:37:32,890
Once, hundreds of school
children were crowded
779
00:37:32,890 --> 00:37:35,730
into the auditorium and
told to breathe heavily
780
00:37:35,730 --> 00:37:38,433
just to simulated the
presence of a large audience.
781
00:37:42,690 --> 00:37:44,510
- The Soviets wanted to keep their
782
00:37:44,510 --> 00:37:46,840
Soviet World Championship title,
783
00:37:46,840 --> 00:37:49,240
and it was extremely important.
784
00:37:49,240 --> 00:37:50,570
- Failure was no longer an option.
785
00:37:50,570 --> 00:37:53,100
I mean they'd already
lost the world title once,
786
00:37:53,100 --> 00:37:54,440
to an American.
787
00:37:54,440 --> 00:37:56,533
Losing it then to a Soviet defector.
788
00:37:58,510 --> 00:37:59,583
- A defector!
789
00:38:00,520 --> 00:38:01,610
A criminal!
790
00:38:01,610 --> 00:38:02,910
Run away with that?
791
00:38:02,910 --> 00:38:04,290
No, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no,
792
00:38:04,290 --> 00:38:07,323
that would be intolerable, unacceptable.
793
00:38:08,210 --> 00:38:12,000
If we can't beat em, kill em! (laughing)
794
00:38:12,000 --> 00:38:13,840
- [Narrator] Before the
match had even started,
795
00:38:13,840 --> 00:38:17,053
the Soviets fired the first
show in the propaganda war.
796
00:38:18,160 --> 00:38:20,210
They protested that even
though Viktor Korchnoi
797
00:38:20,210 --> 00:38:21,860
had settled in Switzerland,
798
00:38:21,860 --> 00:38:25,090
he was not allowed to play
under the Swiss National Flag,
799
00:38:25,090 --> 00:38:27,500
as his illegal defection from Russia
800
00:38:27,500 --> 00:38:28,663
had made him stateless.
801
00:38:31,750 --> 00:38:33,373
- A flag is a symbol,
802
00:38:34,430 --> 00:38:39,430
and the Battle of the
Flags was itself, symbolic.
803
00:38:39,520 --> 00:38:43,000
- [Reporter] The Swiss flag,
which adorned his team's cars,
804
00:38:43,000 --> 00:38:46,054
was ruled out by an
international chess jury.
805
00:38:46,054 --> 00:38:49,035
Korchnoi wasn't too dismayed though,
806
00:38:49,035 --> 00:38:51,780
he had scored a point by offering to use
807
00:38:51,780 --> 00:38:54,090
a white flag saying "Stateless"
808
00:38:54,090 --> 00:38:57,740
or a Soviet flag with the
words "I escaped" on it.
809
00:38:57,740 --> 00:39:00,270
- We were discussing have a sort of
810
00:39:00,270 --> 00:39:03,960
pirate flag or some jolly
roger, what have you.
811
00:39:03,960 --> 00:39:07,280
But it didn't really
matter what the flag was,
812
00:39:07,280 --> 00:39:09,150
the point of the dispute,
813
00:39:09,150 --> 00:39:12,016
as with most things in the Soviet system,
814
00:39:12,016 --> 00:39:16,843
was it was a means to
demonstrate their power.
815
00:39:18,280 --> 00:39:21,560
- Florencio Campomanes,
the match organiser,
816
00:39:21,560 --> 00:39:23,860
knew to become FIDE President,
817
00:39:23,860 --> 00:39:25,580
he would need the Soviet Union
818
00:39:25,580 --> 00:39:29,490
and the Soviet bloc behind him.
819
00:39:29,490 --> 00:39:32,760
- We called him "Carpomanes"
820
00:39:32,760 --> 00:39:37,683
Not Compomanes, Mister, I
think that you can buy him.
821
00:39:38,830 --> 00:39:39,743
You can buy him.
822
00:39:40,700 --> 00:39:42,500
- [Reporter] Karpov had a cocktail party
823
00:39:42,500 --> 00:39:44,870
given in his honour on the
eve of the championship,
824
00:39:44,870 --> 00:39:46,490
by the Soviet ambassador.
825
00:39:46,490 --> 00:39:49,610
And President Ferdinand
Marcos of the Philippines
826
00:39:49,610 --> 00:39:51,700
headed an impressive guest list.
827
00:39:51,700 --> 00:39:54,440
It must all have reinforced
Korchnoi's feeling
828
00:39:54,440 --> 00:39:57,173
that the establishment was
closing ranks against him.
829
00:39:58,209 --> 00:40:00,780
- Korchnoi knew that he would be facing
830
00:40:00,780 --> 00:40:03,100
a KGB-controlled operation.
831
00:40:03,100 --> 00:40:06,480
- We knew there were going to
be a lot of KGB people around.
832
00:40:06,480 --> 00:40:08,360
Viktor taught us to recognise them.
833
00:40:08,360 --> 00:40:09,840
They would have a liken to the description
834
00:40:09,840 --> 00:40:11,130
of the hippopotamus.
835
00:40:11,130 --> 00:40:14,150
Difficult to describe, but
you know it when you see it.
836
00:40:14,150 --> 00:40:17,020
And the KGB agents in the hotel lobby
837
00:40:17,020 --> 00:40:18,423
were very much the same.
838
00:40:19,870 --> 00:40:21,200
- [Reporter] There was
excitement in the air
839
00:40:21,200 --> 00:40:24,250
when July the 18th finally arrived.
840
00:40:24,250 --> 00:40:26,430
The first game in a championship carrying
841
00:40:26,430 --> 00:40:29,530
the priceless prestige of the world crown.
842
00:40:29,530 --> 00:40:31,820
Korchnoi started with the white pieces,
843
00:40:31,820 --> 00:40:33,770
giving him the initiative.
844
00:40:33,770 --> 00:40:35,900
But both men played with caution,
845
00:40:35,900 --> 00:40:39,080
determined to avoid an
opening defeat at all costs,
846
00:40:39,080 --> 00:40:42,993
and the game ended in a tame
draw after only 18 moves.
847
00:40:44,050 --> 00:40:45,510
- [Narrator] No one could have predicted
848
00:40:45,510 --> 00:40:48,240
that the match would still
be continuing into October,
849
00:40:48,240 --> 00:40:50,750
causing the Danish Grand
Master Bent Larsen,
850
00:40:50,750 --> 00:40:52,240
to send both players a record
851
00:40:52,240 --> 00:40:53,963
of Phillippino Christmas carols.
852
00:40:54,820 --> 00:40:57,810
Whilst the opening games
themselves were tame encounters,
853
00:40:57,810 --> 00:40:59,550
the Soviets decided to ignite
854
00:40:59,550 --> 00:41:01,370
the off-the-board controversies
855
00:41:01,370 --> 00:41:03,357
by requesting that Korchnoi's expensive
856
00:41:03,357 --> 00:41:07,405
$1300 chair from Sweden be
inspected for radio waves
857
00:41:07,405 --> 00:41:10,453
in case they were interfering
with Karpov thoughts.
858
00:41:12,200 --> 00:41:14,880
In response, Korchnoi's
delegation complained
859
00:41:14,880 --> 00:41:18,350
about the yoghourt that was
being made by Karpov's chef.
860
00:41:18,350 --> 00:41:20,820
- During the game Karpov was
getting some sort of yoghourt,
861
00:41:20,820 --> 00:41:23,190
and Korchnoi complained
that the colour of yoghourt
862
00:41:23,190 --> 00:41:25,030
indicates to Karpov what
kind of move to make
863
00:41:25,030 --> 00:41:27,370
and then (chuckles) the
Chief Operator Lothar Schmid
864
00:41:27,370 --> 00:41:29,687
he ordered to bring the
yoghourt at the same time,
865
00:41:29,687 --> 00:41:30,830
and the same colour.
866
00:41:30,830 --> 00:41:32,770
- This wasn't about coded messages at all,
867
00:41:32,770 --> 00:41:34,784
that this was about, there
was some kind of stimulant
868
00:41:34,784 --> 00:41:39,784
in the yoghourt which would
just, speeded up his metabolism.
869
00:41:40,125 --> 00:41:42,292
(ticking)
870
00:41:45,664 --> 00:41:47,320
- At Game Five, Korchnoi adjourned,
871
00:41:47,320 --> 00:41:48,830
we analysed the position all night.
872
00:41:48,830 --> 00:41:50,710
Winning at every variation.
873
00:41:50,710 --> 00:41:52,726
A couple of hours before the game resumed
874
00:41:52,726 --> 00:41:53,610
Korchnoi went to sleep.
875
00:41:53,610 --> 00:41:57,557
And Michael Stean and I left
his room in the Pines hotel
876
00:41:57,557 --> 00:41:59,770
and we saw the local policeman
877
00:41:59,770 --> 00:42:02,123
looking at the adjourned position.
878
00:42:02,123 --> 00:42:06,490
And their very first move was
one we hadn't even looked at,
879
00:42:06,490 --> 00:42:07,977
we hadn't even considered it.
880
00:42:07,977 --> 00:42:09,483
And I said to Michael,
881
00:42:10,713 --> 00:42:12,927
"Maybe we should go and wake Viktor up.
882
00:42:12,927 --> 00:42:15,890
"And these coppers have found
a move we didn't think of."
883
00:42:15,890 --> 00:42:17,477
And he said, "Nah," you know he says,
884
00:42:17,477 --> 00:42:20,610
"Bah and rubbish now we
looked at everything."
885
00:42:20,610 --> 00:42:24,170
So we don't tell Viktor, the game resumes,
886
00:42:24,170 --> 00:42:27,450
Karpov of course has played
the move of the policeman.
887
00:42:27,450 --> 00:42:30,120
And it turns out to be much
stronger than we thought,
888
00:42:30,120 --> 00:42:32,733
and Viktor took so long
working out how to win
889
00:42:32,733 --> 00:42:35,019
that he missed and forced mate with checks
890
00:42:35,019 --> 00:42:36,337
and eventually drew the game.
891
00:42:36,337 --> 00:42:38,140
- The first part of the match,
892
00:42:38,140 --> 00:42:41,019
it was very tough we
were very, very close.
893
00:42:41,019 --> 00:42:43,500
- [Narrator] After
seven consecutive draws,
894
00:42:43,500 --> 00:42:45,030
at the start of Game Eight,
895
00:42:45,030 --> 00:42:47,810
Karpov ignored Korchnoi's
outstretched hand,
896
00:42:47,810 --> 00:42:50,859
refusing to start the game
with the customary handshake.
897
00:42:50,859 --> 00:42:52,890
It was the first time this had happened
898
00:42:52,890 --> 00:42:55,210
during any World Championship match.
899
00:42:55,210 --> 00:42:58,493
- Korchnoi thought were not done.
900
00:42:59,708 --> 00:43:02,320
And another one for my team.
901
00:43:02,320 --> 00:43:04,363
(speaking foreign language)
902
00:43:04,363 --> 00:43:07,380
- He insulted the Soviet Union
and the person of Mr Karpov
903
00:43:07,380 --> 00:43:09,403
as a citizen of the Soviet Union.
904
00:43:10,540 --> 00:43:11,773
- They really insulted.
905
00:43:13,019 --> 00:43:17,207
And after this I said to myself,
906
00:43:17,207 --> 00:43:19,560
"Okay this probably the moment."
907
00:43:19,560 --> 00:43:22,000
- The score is level
and then by Game Eight
908
00:43:22,000 --> 00:43:25,600
he has suddenly decided not
to shake the opponent's hand.
909
00:43:25,600 --> 00:43:27,750
No, you don't do that.
910
00:43:27,750 --> 00:43:29,270
It's just an insult.
911
00:43:29,270 --> 00:43:31,701
- Viktor Korchnoi plays
much worse when he's angry.
912
00:43:31,701 --> 00:43:33,610
And before the last game the Soviets
913
00:43:33,610 --> 00:43:36,750
produced this master stroke
that really upset him.
914
00:43:36,750 --> 00:43:39,664
Which was refusing to shake hands.
915
00:43:39,664 --> 00:43:41,763
- I'm gonna refuse your hand.
916
00:43:44,490 --> 00:43:46,640
It's gon' piss you off!
917
00:43:46,640 --> 00:43:49,860
- At that point, the referee
should have stepped in
918
00:43:49,860 --> 00:43:54,770
because this was just a
gross breech of etiquette.
919
00:43:54,770 --> 00:43:57,220
- Even Korchnoi with
all his knowledge of KGB
920
00:43:57,220 --> 00:44:01,150
and the Soviets, he still didnt'
believe they would do that.
921
00:44:01,150 --> 00:44:05,770
- Any way Karpov could
arrange things that would
922
00:44:05,770 --> 00:44:08,310
put his opponents off,
you know knock him around,
923
00:44:08,310 --> 00:44:12,250
slap him around, he was
not above availing himself
924
00:44:12,250 --> 00:44:14,288
of those opportunities.
925
00:44:14,288 --> 00:44:17,250
- [Narrator] After Karpov's
first win in Game Eight,
926
00:44:17,250 --> 00:44:19,423
the Soviets threw a party to celebrate.
927
00:44:20,290 --> 00:44:23,430
The official match organiser,
Florencio Campomanes,
928
00:44:23,430 --> 00:44:27,410
also attended and toasted
Karpov's victory with champagne.
929
00:44:27,410 --> 00:44:28,864
- And to five more!
930
00:44:28,864 --> 00:44:33,864
(murmuring)
(laughing)
931
00:44:33,873 --> 00:44:36,610
Korchnoi's delegation informed the Soviets
932
00:44:36,610 --> 00:44:37,880
that they were happy for handshakes
933
00:44:37,880 --> 00:44:39,650
not to take play any more.
934
00:44:39,650 --> 00:44:41,320
As it would save Korchnoi the bother
935
00:44:41,320 --> 00:44:43,053
of washing his hands afterwards.
936
00:44:44,490 --> 00:44:46,300
When the Soviet delegation rebuked them
937
00:44:46,300 --> 00:44:49,680
for insulting Karpov,
Ray Keene sent Baturinsky
938
00:44:49,680 --> 00:44:52,270
a large cigar as a peace offering.
939
00:44:52,270 --> 00:44:54,620
The cigar was returned to him a day later
940
00:44:54,620 --> 00:44:56,310
with a bar of soap.
941
00:44:56,310 --> 00:44:58,940
- When Korchnoi came out of Game Eight,
942
00:44:58,940 --> 00:45:03,580
he said, "I sensed that Karpov
had some bombshell idea."
943
00:45:03,580 --> 00:45:05,203
And we opened Lopez.
944
00:45:07,540 --> 00:45:10,080
We did not find a knight g5,
945
00:45:10,080 --> 00:45:13,460
it's an amazing idea,
it's absolutely fantastic.
946
00:45:13,460 --> 00:45:16,019
And we were just shocked and we thought,
947
00:45:16,019 --> 00:45:17,868
"What the hell is going on?"
948
00:45:17,868 --> 00:45:20,035
(ticking)
949
00:45:21,040 --> 00:45:25,260
- From Game 10 to 20, of
course then Karpov was better.
950
00:45:25,260 --> 00:45:30,010
He would exploit Korchnoi's big weakness,
951
00:45:30,010 --> 00:45:32,370
which was time trouble.
952
00:45:32,370 --> 00:45:34,330
His handling of the clock.
953
00:45:34,330 --> 00:45:38,180
- Viktor was losing games
which he was pressing to win.
954
00:45:38,180 --> 00:45:40,510
And Karpov was holding
on then and hitting him
955
00:45:40,510 --> 00:45:43,350
with counterpunches
sort of late in the game
956
00:45:43,350 --> 00:45:44,880
when Viktor was getting tired.
957
00:45:44,880 --> 00:45:49,100
- He wasn't able to put the
ball in the back of the net and,
958
00:45:49,100 --> 00:45:53,220
and sometimes the ball
was going in his own net.
959
00:45:53,220 --> 00:45:56,477
- Game 13 and 14 Korchnoi lost two games.
960
00:45:56,477 --> 00:45:58,890
And this was even reckless
because in one game
961
00:45:58,890 --> 00:46:01,000
he was doing great the whole time
962
00:46:01,000 --> 00:46:03,661
and at the very last
move he still has a draw.
963
00:46:03,661 --> 00:46:06,630
These are moments you feel
like killing yourself.
964
00:46:06,630 --> 00:46:08,540
- When Korchnoi slumped in the middle
965
00:46:08,540 --> 00:46:10,110
we thought well it's all over,
966
00:46:10,110 --> 00:46:11,870
we're just sort of trying to cling on.
967
00:46:11,870 --> 00:46:15,480
- Viktor was clearly
becoming very disturbed
968
00:46:15,480 --> 00:46:18,367
by the parapsychologist Dr Zukhar.
969
00:46:19,500 --> 00:46:20,770
- [Reporter] Another big talking point
970
00:46:20,770 --> 00:46:23,290
reached into the world of the paranormal,
971
00:46:23,290 --> 00:46:26,430
with Korchnoi claiming his
thoughts were being influenced
972
00:46:26,430 --> 00:46:29,440
by the brain waves of Dr Vladimi Zukhar.
973
00:46:29,440 --> 00:46:31,690
He would take a seat near
the front of the stage
974
00:46:31,690 --> 00:46:33,850
and simply stare at Korchnoi,
975
00:46:33,850 --> 00:46:35,650
without appearing to take any interest
976
00:46:35,650 --> 00:46:38,180
in the progress of the game itself.
977
00:46:38,180 --> 00:46:40,720
- Zukhar was there
specifically with the intention
978
00:46:40,720 --> 00:46:44,963
of placing him sort of
in Korchnoi's eyesight.
979
00:46:45,920 --> 00:46:48,290
And then waiting for
Korchnoi to do the rest.
980
00:46:48,290 --> 00:46:50,570
- [Reporter] Whatever Dr Zukhar's powers,
981
00:46:50,570 --> 00:46:52,590
Korchnoi was clearly upset.
982
00:46:52,590 --> 00:46:55,770
And he called an impromptu
and animated press conference
983
00:46:55,770 --> 00:46:57,580
to give vent to his feelings.
984
00:46:57,580 --> 00:47:00,077
- He plays with a state of will of Zukhar!
985
00:47:00,960 --> 00:47:03,200
And I play against Zukhar!
986
00:47:03,200 --> 00:47:06,900
- Korchnoi asked Zukhar
for psychological advice
987
00:47:06,900 --> 00:47:08,860
when he lived in Soviet Union.
988
00:47:08,860 --> 00:47:12,740
So here you see someone
who knows you very well,
989
00:47:12,740 --> 00:47:16,120
some of your inner
mysteries, inner problems.
990
00:47:16,120 --> 00:47:18,400
Working for your enemy.
991
00:47:18,400 --> 00:47:20,080
- He is disturbing me,
992
00:47:20,080 --> 00:47:23,790
and he is on the visual,
(smacks fist)
993
00:47:23,790 --> 00:47:25,900
and on the mental
(smacks fist)
994
00:47:25,900 --> 00:47:26,830
psychological,
(smacks fist)
995
00:47:26,830 --> 00:47:28,110
and hypnotic connection
(smacks fist)
996
00:47:28,110 --> 00:47:29,613
with Karpov!
997
00:47:30,555 --> 00:47:35,340
What is strictly prohibited by FIDE rules!
998
00:47:36,950 --> 00:47:40,897
- The Korchnoi team decided
on a very scientific method
999
00:47:40,897 --> 00:47:44,557
of countering Dr Zukhar's powers.
1000
00:47:44,557 --> 00:47:48,030
Petra sat behind him in the auditorium,
1001
00:47:48,030 --> 00:47:50,500
and poked him with a pencil.
1002
00:47:50,500 --> 00:47:51,920
- Most of them just were probably
1003
00:47:51,920 --> 00:47:53,620
just had a laugh at the antics.
1004
00:47:53,620 --> 00:47:56,740
But having gone through the cycle later,
1005
00:47:56,740 --> 00:47:59,233
I can tell you that this
is deadly serious stuff.
1006
00:48:00,810 --> 00:48:03,245
- One does lose a sense
of proportion regarding
1007
00:48:03,245 --> 00:48:05,140
what's happening inside the cauldron
1008
00:48:05,140 --> 00:48:06,500
and what's happening outside.
1009
00:48:06,500 --> 00:48:08,680
But it's inevitable,
because once you recognise
1010
00:48:08,680 --> 00:48:12,245
chess is only a game you've
lost the match. (laughing)
1011
00:48:12,245 --> 00:48:14,412
(ticking)
1012
00:48:16,900 --> 00:48:19,283
- Every time Karpov won his chef,
1013
00:48:19,283 --> 00:48:21,070
of course he had a personal
chef in his entourage,
1014
00:48:21,070 --> 00:48:23,721
baked him a cake with
the final position on.
1015
00:48:23,721 --> 00:48:28,340
And when Karpov won Game
17 from a lost position,
1016
00:48:28,340 --> 00:48:31,670
and unleashed a sudden
check-mating attack from no where
1017
00:48:31,670 --> 00:48:33,520
with a couple of knights at the end,
1018
00:48:33,520 --> 00:48:36,678
the first thing he did was eat
the white king from the cake.
1019
00:48:36,678 --> 00:48:38,630
(applauding)
1020
00:48:38,630 --> 00:48:40,257
- In the Sport Committee
1021
00:48:40,257 --> 00:48:43,710
was a telephone where
Parliamenter and Grand Master
1022
00:48:43,710 --> 00:48:44,640
were sitting.
1023
00:48:44,640 --> 00:48:47,860
If Leonid Brezhnev ask,
"What about the position?"
1024
00:48:47,860 --> 00:48:50,576
and, "How about our Anatoly?"
1025
00:48:50,576 --> 00:48:53,110
- Of course it's normal for any country
1026
00:48:53,110 --> 00:48:55,490
who has the World Champion
to try to protect him.
1027
00:48:55,490 --> 00:48:58,380
The question is with what means?
1028
00:48:58,380 --> 00:49:01,620
- Viktor was aware that
there was a possibility
1029
00:49:01,620 --> 00:49:03,890
that his personal safety
might be threatened.
1030
00:49:03,890 --> 00:49:06,576
But it was something
that didn't concern him.
1031
00:49:06,576 --> 00:49:09,630
- Although on one occasion he was
1032
00:49:09,630 --> 00:49:14,630
surrounded by bodyguards, it
flashed across his mind that
1033
00:49:14,910 --> 00:49:17,020
well you know they could turn,
1034
00:49:17,020 --> 00:49:19,270
they could be turned at any moment.
1035
00:49:19,270 --> 00:49:23,100
- Where he was careful about security
1036
00:49:23,100 --> 00:49:25,420
wasn't physical security,
1037
00:49:25,420 --> 00:49:27,800
but security of information.
1038
00:49:27,800 --> 00:49:31,850
We were not allowed to
analyse in the hotel room.
1039
00:49:31,850 --> 00:49:34,540
He was convinced that our
rooms would be bugged.
1040
00:49:34,540 --> 00:49:36,140
- In the second half of the match,
1041
00:49:36,140 --> 00:49:38,240
I was appointed not just Chief Second,
1042
00:49:38,240 --> 00:49:39,770
but also the Head of the delegation
1043
00:49:39,770 --> 00:49:42,330
which had been Petra Leeuwerik.
1044
00:49:42,330 --> 00:49:44,470
- There was a sort of period when Viktor
1045
00:49:44,470 --> 00:49:46,200
was sort of gradually trying to get
1046
00:49:46,200 --> 00:49:48,363
some sort of foothold into the match.
1047
00:49:49,230 --> 00:49:53,095
Struggling for long periods,
but always surviving.
1048
00:49:53,095 --> 00:49:55,262
(ticking)
1049
00:49:58,570 --> 00:50:00,636
- As long as Korchnoi doesn't lose,
1050
00:50:00,636 --> 00:50:04,180
he will continue putting this
psychological pressure on
1051
00:50:04,180 --> 00:50:06,030
to put that final nail in the coffin.
1052
00:50:06,900 --> 00:50:08,470
- [Narrator] With Korchnoi
unable to get himself
1053
00:50:08,470 --> 00:50:10,313
back into the match and score wins,
1054
00:50:11,530 --> 00:50:13,360
his delegation decided to counter
1055
00:50:13,360 --> 00:50:16,480
the negative energies of the
parapsychologist Dr Zukhar.
1056
00:50:16,480 --> 00:50:18,880
- If there is any negative influence
1057
00:50:18,880 --> 00:50:20,037
from the part of of Zukhar,
1058
00:50:20,037 --> 00:50:24,950
the meditation that Viktor
is doing will block that.
1059
00:50:24,950 --> 00:50:26,430
- The Ananda Marga thing,
1060
00:50:26,430 --> 00:50:30,170
with these orange robed mystics,
1061
00:50:30,170 --> 00:50:32,000
levitating for victory for Korchnoi,
1062
00:50:32,000 --> 00:50:33,500
that was a total shock!
1063
00:50:33,500 --> 00:50:35,130
- [Reporter] The scandal
was all the greater
1064
00:50:35,130 --> 00:50:37,200
because gurus were on bail,
1065
00:50:37,200 --> 00:50:39,778
appealing after being convicted
of the attempted murder
1066
00:50:39,778 --> 00:50:41,323
of an Indian diplomat.
1067
00:50:42,420 --> 00:50:43,570
- An Indian boy like me would have
1068
00:50:43,570 --> 00:50:44,770
been mystified by this stuff,
1069
00:50:44,770 --> 00:50:47,060
I mean you would think are
they adults or what is this?
1070
00:50:47,060 --> 00:50:50,140
- We had all these yoga lessons
1071
00:50:50,140 --> 00:50:51,540
and then we were standing on our heads
1072
00:50:51,540 --> 00:50:53,303
and doing all sorts of odd things.
1073
00:50:56,890 --> 00:50:59,130
- I felt thought that
this was quite funny.
1074
00:50:59,130 --> 00:51:02,014
People who had absolutely
nothing to do with chess.
1075
00:51:02,014 --> 00:51:04,680
But he was probably right
to do something like that
1076
00:51:04,680 --> 00:51:07,540
because the Soviets got confused.
1077
00:51:07,540 --> 00:51:10,360
They couldn't understand
something like that.
1078
00:51:10,360 --> 00:51:12,330
- My friends come to the playing hall,
1079
00:51:12,330 --> 00:51:16,040
the security searched them and ask
1080
00:51:16,040 --> 00:51:19,120
their identification cards.
1081
00:51:19,120 --> 00:51:22,990
So it's very strange, it's
kind of psychological pressure
1082
00:51:22,990 --> 00:51:27,990
all the time and the organizer's
compromise is guilty.
1083
00:51:28,960 --> 00:51:32,550
- What the Soviets did
was almost self-defeating
1084
00:51:32,550 --> 00:51:36,680
because if you wanted Viktor
to play at his very, very best
1085
00:51:36,680 --> 00:51:40,043
make him angry, and boy
did they make him angry!
1086
00:51:41,030 --> 00:51:43,480
- They use blackmail,
1087
00:51:43,480 --> 00:51:48,480
they use all kind of pressure onto,
1088
00:51:50,000 --> 00:51:52,480
onto the organise, onto the jury.
1089
00:51:52,480 --> 00:51:54,553
That it's very difficult to,
1090
00:51:56,153 --> 00:51:59,610
well to fight with them.
1091
00:51:59,610 --> 00:52:01,220
- [Narrator] Despite the
Korchnoi's delegation's
1092
00:52:01,220 --> 00:52:03,980
best efforts to counter
the Soviet's gamesmanship,
1093
00:52:03,980 --> 00:52:08,100
Karpov won Game 27 when Korchnoi
blundered in time trouble,
1094
00:52:08,100 --> 00:52:10,523
thereby taking a 5-2 lead in the match.
1095
00:52:11,460 --> 00:52:14,120
- Match is virtually
over, I mean it's gone.
1096
00:52:14,120 --> 00:52:18,123
All Karpov needs is one
win, Viktor needs four.
1097
00:52:19,460 --> 00:52:21,550
- The Soviets thought
they'd won the match.
1098
00:52:21,550 --> 00:52:24,647
So they agreed to withdraw Zukhar.
1099
00:52:25,730 --> 00:52:27,680
- Karpov relaxed early.
1100
00:52:27,680 --> 00:52:30,550
And then he thought I am 5-2 ahead,
1101
00:52:30,550 --> 00:52:32,360
I am 20 years younger.
1102
00:52:32,360 --> 00:52:35,270
- And Viktor's stages one of the greatest,
1103
00:52:35,270 --> 00:52:38,790
most remarkable comebacks
in the history of chess.
1104
00:52:38,790 --> 00:52:41,540
- I have never come back
from a three point deficit.
1105
00:52:41,540 --> 00:52:43,120
I can't recall anyone else who comes back
1106
00:52:43,120 --> 00:52:44,190
from a three point deficit.
1107
00:52:44,190 --> 00:52:47,480
- The turning point came
when there was an adjourn
1108
00:52:47,480 --> 00:52:48,990
to co-pawn ending.
1109
00:52:48,990 --> 00:52:52,020
I remember Viktor going to the game
1110
00:52:52,020 --> 00:52:54,890
not knowing what his
first move was going to be
1111
00:52:54,890 --> 00:52:59,550
because the logical move lead to a draw.
1112
00:52:59,550 --> 00:53:03,560
So at the board, he played something else
1113
00:53:03,560 --> 00:53:06,220
which was one of our sub-optimal lines.
1114
00:53:06,220 --> 00:53:08,840
Deliberately, and this
is Viktor the Gambler,
1115
00:53:08,840 --> 00:53:12,014
just to confuse Karpov.
1116
00:53:12,014 --> 00:53:14,773
And he succeeded, and he won the game.
1117
00:53:15,960 --> 00:53:18,733
Then I sensed something
was changing at that point.
1118
00:53:20,090 --> 00:53:21,250
- I don't know what happened,
1119
00:53:21,250 --> 00:53:25,690
I had some maybe psychological collapse.
1120
00:53:25,690 --> 00:53:30,003
And then Korchnoi won two
games, almost in a row.
1121
00:53:31,010 --> 00:53:33,930
And then I had to suffer a lot.
1122
00:53:33,930 --> 00:53:37,620
And then another thing
which was depressing for me
1123
00:53:37,620 --> 00:53:39,800
in Philippines, they have tradition
1124
00:53:39,800 --> 00:53:44,320
to give women names to
typhoons, from A, zed.
1125
00:53:44,320 --> 00:53:47,050
And so to the end of this match,
1126
00:53:47,050 --> 00:53:51,500
the second alphabet was
finishing. (laughing)
1127
00:53:51,500 --> 00:53:53,450
And so it was very depressing.
1128
00:53:53,450 --> 00:53:55,480
- He had sleeping problems.
1129
00:53:55,480 --> 00:53:59,080
In fact what he claims
is that this guy Zukhar,
1130
00:53:59,080 --> 00:54:01,176
who was supposed to be a parapsychologist,
1131
00:54:01,176 --> 00:54:05,080
was there to help him to sleep.
1132
00:54:05,080 --> 00:54:07,490
- Karpov's stamina was not strong enough
1133
00:54:07,490 --> 00:54:10,035
so he, he always at the end of them
1134
00:54:10,035 --> 00:54:13,650
he would always feel that
he was losing his steam.
1135
00:54:13,650 --> 00:54:15,540
- We go hey and we're starting to win,
1136
00:54:15,540 --> 00:54:17,160
why are we starting to win?
1137
00:54:17,160 --> 00:54:18,700
He's obviously very tired, right.
1138
00:54:18,700 --> 00:54:21,077
Let's go into long end games
and see if we can win them.
1139
00:54:21,077 --> 00:54:22,510
And we did.
1140
00:54:22,510 --> 00:54:25,220
- Korchnoi highlighted one of
Karpov's biggest weaknesses.
1141
00:54:25,220 --> 00:54:27,250
At the moment when decisive
action is called for
1142
00:54:27,250 --> 00:54:28,403
he is very hesitant.
1143
00:54:29,880 --> 00:54:33,850
- Amazingly at the end, Korchnoi was back.
1144
00:54:33,850 --> 00:54:37,820
- We thought Karpov was
on the verge of cracking.
1145
00:54:37,820 --> 00:54:40,170
- [Narrator] When Korchnoi
drew level at five wins each,
1146
00:54:40,170 --> 00:54:42,170
the storms in Baguio were nothing compared
1147
00:54:42,170 --> 00:54:43,810
to those brewing in Moscow.
1148
00:54:43,810 --> 00:54:46,550
The unthinkable, losing the world title
1149
00:54:46,550 --> 00:54:50,990
to a Soviet defector was
almost becoming the probable.
1150
00:54:50,990 --> 00:54:53,597
- In Moscow was a congress of Komsomol,
1151
00:54:53,597 --> 00:54:56,057
Komsomol's a youth organisation.
1152
00:54:56,057 --> 00:54:58,627
And the Secretary said in his speech,
1153
00:54:58,627 --> 00:55:00,807
"Now it's 5-5,
1154
00:55:00,807 --> 00:55:05,807
"but Comrades, we are sure that victory
1155
00:55:06,869 --> 00:55:11,869
"will be on our side, on the Soviet side!"
1156
00:55:12,440 --> 00:55:14,530
And the big applause of the audience.
1157
00:55:14,530 --> 00:55:18,810
- This was incredible I was,
we were all in this moment
1158
00:55:18,810 --> 00:55:23,330
in Czechoslovakia was
exactly for Korchnoi!
1159
00:55:23,330 --> 00:55:24,653
Not for Karpov.
1160
00:55:26,010 --> 00:55:29,770
- Vitaly Sevastyanov,
famous Russian cosmonaut,
1161
00:55:29,770 --> 00:55:32,853
who was resident of
Soviet Chess Federation,
1162
00:55:33,708 --> 00:55:36,130
he insisted I taked him out.
1163
00:55:36,130 --> 00:55:38,740
And then he went to Manila,
1164
00:55:38,740 --> 00:55:41,228
and they had world
championship basketball.
1165
00:55:41,228 --> 00:55:43,478
(cheering)
1166
00:55:45,050 --> 00:55:46,523
And so I visited final match.
1167
00:55:47,530 --> 00:55:51,208
It was, extremely interesting match.
1168
00:55:51,208 --> 00:55:53,370
- Soviet Union is leading the whole match
1169
00:55:53,370 --> 00:55:55,960
and they are losing the
last seconds to Yugoslavia.
1170
00:55:55,960 --> 00:55:57,280
Can you imagine Karpov thinking
1171
00:55:57,280 --> 00:55:58,710
that what going to happen to me.
1172
00:55:58,710 --> 00:55:59,543
Our guys are losing,
1173
00:55:59,543 --> 00:56:01,608
I'm going back and losing my final game.
1174
00:56:01,608 --> 00:56:03,497
- [Reporter] Good luck
tonight, good luck to you.
1175
00:56:03,497 --> 00:56:04,330
- Okay thank you.
1176
00:56:04,330 --> 00:56:05,163
- [Reporter] Don't get so close!
1177
00:56:05,163 --> 00:56:05,996
Come on man!
1178
00:56:08,184 --> 00:56:10,490
- His main second, Yuri Balashov,
1179
00:56:10,490 --> 00:56:13,382
wrote after the match that we knew
1180
00:56:13,382 --> 00:56:18,382
that somebody was written already reports
1181
00:56:18,680 --> 00:56:23,530
to KGB that there's something
not good around Karpov.
1182
00:56:23,530 --> 00:56:27,540
And we understood that we will be punished
1183
00:56:27,540 --> 00:56:29,190
in the Soviet Union, yes.
1184
00:56:30,430 --> 00:56:34,620
They knew how to punish,
they knew how to punish.
1185
00:56:34,620 --> 00:56:36,640
- For Karpov returning
back to the Soviet Union
1186
00:56:36,640 --> 00:56:39,613
after losing to Korchnoi, (sighs)
1187
00:56:41,603 --> 00:56:43,120
that would be quite a challenge.
1188
00:56:43,120 --> 00:56:45,510
- So Korchnoi has now pulled back
1189
00:56:45,510 --> 00:56:49,230
from 5-2 down to five each.
1190
00:56:49,230 --> 00:56:52,025
And he's won three of last four games.
1191
00:56:52,025 --> 00:56:55,383
And various things happened at this point.
1192
00:56:56,710 --> 00:56:59,240
One was that the President of
the World Chess Federation,
1193
00:56:59,240 --> 00:57:01,667
Dr Max Euwe came to me and said,
1194
00:57:01,667 --> 00:57:03,207
"Let's just call the match off shall we?
1195
00:57:03,207 --> 00:57:05,247
"We'll call it a draw,
1196
00:57:05,247 --> 00:57:07,970
"and we'll have another match next year."
1197
00:57:07,970 --> 00:57:12,123
My first thought was, if I
suggest this to Korchnoi,
1198
00:57:13,501 --> 00:57:15,763
and he says yes,
1199
00:57:16,760 --> 00:57:18,890
he may have thrown away his
chance of winning the match
1200
00:57:18,890 --> 00:57:21,979
because we just won three
in a row essentially.
1201
00:57:21,979 --> 00:57:25,610
But if he says no, then
he plays the next game
1202
00:57:25,610 --> 00:57:27,547
he may wish that he agreed to do it
1203
00:57:27,547 --> 00:57:29,880
and it may affect his play.
1204
00:57:29,880 --> 00:57:31,890
So the first dilemma is do I tell Korchnoi
1205
00:57:31,890 --> 00:57:33,530
or do I just take the decision myself
1206
00:57:33,530 --> 00:57:36,310
as the head of the delegation?
1207
00:57:36,310 --> 00:57:37,870
My second thought was,
1208
00:57:37,870 --> 00:57:39,482
what is the world gonna say
1209
00:57:39,482 --> 00:57:41,847
when it's got to a most exciting point
1210
00:57:41,847 --> 00:57:43,630
and we call it off?
1211
00:57:43,630 --> 00:57:45,210
So I said to Euwe no,
1212
00:57:45,210 --> 00:57:47,062
I said we're not gonna do that.
1213
00:57:47,062 --> 00:57:48,300
We're not even gonna tell Korchnoi,
1214
00:57:48,300 --> 00:57:50,502
let's forget that you suggested it
1215
00:57:50,502 --> 00:57:52,470
because I think it was a
illegitimate suggestion.
1216
00:57:52,470 --> 00:57:55,820
- In Baguio there was a
referee Lothar Schmid.
1217
00:57:55,820 --> 00:58:00,040
He was very, very careful.
1218
00:58:00,040 --> 00:58:02,820
Cus he wants to be always referee.
1219
00:58:02,820 --> 00:58:05,810
And suddenly he has
some reason that he said
1220
00:58:05,810 --> 00:58:08,810
no, I can not be there for the last game
1221
00:58:08,810 --> 00:58:12,380
and he really left Baguio.
1222
00:58:12,380 --> 00:58:17,380
He was afraid, what happens when Korchnoi
1223
00:58:18,690 --> 00:58:23,690
would suddenly win this match?
1224
00:58:23,750 --> 00:58:25,850
- We knew that the Soviets
were going to do something,
1225
00:58:25,850 --> 00:58:28,830
and the degree of pressure and influence
1226
00:58:28,830 --> 00:58:31,382
they bought to bough reached it's zenith
1227
00:58:31,382 --> 00:58:33,130
after that 32nd game.
1228
00:58:33,130 --> 00:58:36,420
- Phillip was the second referee in Baguio
1229
00:58:36,420 --> 00:58:40,210
and I think that he was
corroborating with Russian.
1230
00:58:40,210 --> 00:58:45,210
He was also main referee
during the last game in Baguio.
1231
00:58:46,030 --> 00:58:48,470
This I did not like.
1232
00:58:48,470 --> 00:58:50,640
- The Soviets immediately broke (laughing)
1233
00:58:50,640 --> 00:58:55,640
their agreements about having
Dr Zukhar near the front row.
1234
00:58:56,660 --> 00:58:59,690
- Phillip should not
allow Zukhar that he could
1235
00:58:59,690 --> 00:59:03,480
suddenly be in the first ring or two!
1236
00:59:03,480 --> 00:59:05,280
He has not done it!
1237
00:59:05,280 --> 00:59:07,210
I said he was paid for it!
1238
00:59:07,210 --> 00:59:10,523
- They also insisted that we
take the Ananda Marga people
1239
00:59:10,523 --> 00:59:13,710
who were supporting Korchnoi out of town.
1240
00:59:13,710 --> 00:59:16,970
- We have bene keeping
track of the activities
1241
00:59:16,970 --> 00:59:21,830
of Ananda Marga Michael
Dwyer and Victoria Shepherd,
1242
00:59:21,830 --> 00:59:24,210
convicted felons out on bail.
1243
00:59:24,210 --> 00:59:27,710
We have reported the presence
and recent activities
1244
00:59:27,710 --> 00:59:31,120
of Dwyer and Shepherd to the PC-INP
1245
00:59:31,120 --> 00:59:33,273
Provision Commander in Bangued Province.
1246
00:59:34,450 --> 00:59:37,950
- Personally I wasn't too
sorry to see them kicked out,
1247
00:59:37,950 --> 00:59:40,000
on the other hand I didn't
want Korchnoi to feel
1248
00:59:40,000 --> 00:59:42,570
that he has been disavowed
by having been kicked out.
1249
00:59:42,570 --> 00:59:45,630
- Viktor didn't understand whey the,
1250
00:59:45,630 --> 00:59:48,860
these meditating people
weren't there in the morning.
1251
00:59:48,860 --> 00:59:51,362
- I sensed this was a
desperate, last ditch attempt
1252
00:59:51,362 --> 00:59:54,550
from all sides obviously
just to stop the match.
1253
00:59:54,550 --> 00:59:56,443
Russians putting Zukhar back,
1254
00:59:56,443 --> 01:00:00,160
Ananda Marga being, threatened
with being removed from town.
1255
01:00:00,160 --> 01:00:03,080
But I thought hey guys, this
implies that we're actually
1256
01:00:03,080 --> 01:00:04,573
gonna win on the chess board.
1257
01:00:06,189 --> 01:00:07,520
(sirens chirping)
1258
01:00:07,520 --> 01:00:10,270
(dramatic music)
1259
01:00:15,280 --> 01:00:18,350
- Korchnoi snips on my
condition and my form.
1260
01:00:18,350 --> 01:00:22,770
And then he decides that
he must play for win,
1261
01:00:22,770 --> 01:00:24,790
doesn't matter, white or black.
1262
01:00:24,790 --> 01:00:28,340
After Manila I was ready for big fight.
1263
01:00:28,340 --> 01:00:31,003
- Now Viktor was to win
with the black pieces.
1264
01:00:32,340 --> 01:00:37,340
Which is a real no-no at
the world's top level.
1265
01:00:37,360 --> 01:00:39,410
- You don't have to try to
win, Karpov will collapse.
1266
01:00:39,410 --> 01:00:40,690
Because he has been collapsing.
1267
01:00:40,690 --> 01:00:43,937
He had to play for quiet position,
1268
01:00:43,937 --> 01:00:47,630
maybe slightly worse, but
not to give Karpov chance.
1269
01:00:47,630 --> 01:00:49,810
- Nobody was going to say to him,
1270
01:00:49,810 --> 01:00:52,910
oh just steady old chap,
just take it easy for a game,
1271
01:00:52,910 --> 01:00:54,710
you'll be fine I mean nobody was
1272
01:00:54,710 --> 01:00:56,970
going to say that to Viktor!
1273
01:00:56,970 --> 01:00:59,270
- Here is Anatoly with the white pieces,
1274
01:00:59,270 --> 01:01:02,610
Game 32, what the hell just happened?
1275
01:01:02,610 --> 01:01:05,960
How did Korchnoi manage to tie the match?
1276
01:01:05,960 --> 01:01:07,510
What!
1277
01:01:07,510 --> 01:01:11,410
You're gonna play that
ridiculous defence against me?
1278
01:01:11,410 --> 01:01:12,660
- Korchnoi played the opening which
1279
01:01:12,660 --> 01:01:14,680
he never played against me.
1280
01:01:14,680 --> 01:01:16,650
It's clear Korchnoi played for win.
1281
01:01:16,650 --> 01:01:19,840
But there was word that it
would be complicate game.
1282
01:01:19,840 --> 01:01:22,880
And probably I would not carry tension
1283
01:01:22,880 --> 01:01:26,530
for two, three, four, or five more games.
1284
01:01:26,530 --> 01:01:29,713
- Playing this slightly risky
opening in this crunch game,
1285
01:01:29,713 --> 01:01:32,910
it says everything about Viktor.
1286
01:01:32,910 --> 01:01:35,480
- It was a dumb thing to
do but he just you know,
1287
01:01:35,480 --> 01:01:37,000
if you're playing an exhausted opponent
1288
01:01:37,000 --> 01:01:38,580
who's run out of ideas.
1289
01:01:38,580 --> 01:01:40,760
To give him a totally
fresh field of combat
1290
01:01:40,760 --> 01:01:43,270
is a strategic and psychological blunder.
1291
01:01:43,270 --> 01:01:46,875
- Well Viktor just walked
into the worst uppercut ever.
1292
01:01:46,875 --> 01:01:50,830
- Micheal suggested
the idea of the move c5
1293
01:01:50,830 --> 01:01:52,610
in the Pirc defence.
1294
01:01:52,610 --> 01:01:57,158
And I wasn't happy with this at all,
1295
01:01:57,158 --> 01:01:59,680
because they way Michael wanted to play it
1296
01:01:59,680 --> 01:02:02,934
he wanted to put the black
queen's bishop on B7.
1297
01:02:02,934 --> 01:02:06,400
And then it looks like he's
biting into runners on D5.
1298
01:02:06,400 --> 01:02:08,350
Actually Murey was dead against this.
1299
01:02:08,350 --> 01:02:10,440
And I was dead against this.
1300
01:02:10,440 --> 01:02:11,870
As I was the expert on the Pirc defence
1301
01:02:11,870 --> 01:02:13,570
everybody thought it was head! (laughing)
1302
01:02:13,570 --> 01:02:17,180
- It was excellent game, this last game.
1303
01:02:17,180 --> 01:02:18,730
Excellent game,
1304
01:02:18,730 --> 01:02:20,360
on the chess level.
1305
01:02:20,360 --> 01:02:23,156
- There are so many things that you can,
1306
01:02:23,156 --> 01:02:23,989
that you can get wrong.
1307
01:02:23,989 --> 01:02:25,950
Just one false move and you're dead.
1308
01:02:25,950 --> 01:02:28,654
I was so nervous I
couldn't watch the game.
1309
01:02:28,654 --> 01:02:31,283
- Korchnoi wins! Ah!
1310
01:02:32,200 --> 01:02:33,127
Oh my god.
1311
01:02:39,983 --> 01:02:43,380
(speaking foreign language)
1312
01:02:43,380 --> 01:02:46,530
- We are happy to meet you on the occasion
1313
01:02:46,530 --> 01:02:49,620
of the finish of the World
Chess Championship Match.
1314
01:02:49,620 --> 01:02:51,473
Your champion, Anatoly Karpov!
1315
01:02:51,473 --> 01:02:52,330
(applauding)
1316
01:02:52,330 --> 01:02:53,460
- [Narrator] The Soviets celebrated
1317
01:02:53,460 --> 01:02:55,560
more out of relief than happiness.
1318
01:02:55,560 --> 01:02:58,860
Had Korchnoi won, the KGB's
response to this event
1319
01:02:58,860 --> 01:02:59,910
was unknown.
1320
01:03:01,240 --> 01:03:04,140
- I think if Korchnoi
had won the championship,
1321
01:03:04,140 --> 01:03:05,850
the Soviet's would've done everything
1322
01:03:05,850 --> 01:03:07,550
they possibly could to get it back again.
1323
01:03:07,550 --> 01:03:09,920
- What would have happened
if Korchnoi had won?
1324
01:03:09,920 --> 01:03:12,000
Korchnoi claims that he
would have been shot.
1325
01:03:12,000 --> 01:03:15,330
- He may have saved his own
life by not winning that game.
1326
01:03:15,330 --> 01:03:16,520
Because had he won,
1327
01:03:16,520 --> 01:03:18,420
we have it on the
authority of Mikhail Tal,
1328
01:03:18,420 --> 01:03:20,520
who was one of Karpov's seconds,
1329
01:03:20,520 --> 01:03:22,957
Tal said, "Viktor had you won that match,
1330
01:03:22,957 --> 01:03:24,157
"you were a marked man."
1331
01:03:25,570 --> 01:03:27,777
- I think that having him
assassinated by the KGB
1332
01:03:27,777 --> 01:03:29,850
would have made it rather obvious
1333
01:03:29,850 --> 01:03:31,520
where the assassination had come from.
1334
01:03:31,520 --> 01:03:36,510
- The KGB involved, so everything
was possible in that time,
1335
01:03:36,510 --> 01:03:38,240
everything was possible.
1336
01:03:38,240 --> 01:03:41,816
- [Narrator] Game 32 was a game
too far for Viktor Korchnoi.
1337
01:03:41,816 --> 01:03:45,070
Karpov had outplayed him in
an unfamiliar opening system
1338
01:03:45,070 --> 01:03:47,912
and shown the instinct of a true champion.
1339
01:03:47,912 --> 01:03:50,611
- Credit should be given to Karpov,
1340
01:03:50,611 --> 01:03:53,610
that he didn't crack under pressure.
1341
01:03:53,610 --> 01:03:55,230
Many people would have.
1342
01:03:55,230 --> 01:03:57,710
- Even if I don't, I did not like it,
1343
01:03:57,710 --> 01:03:59,512
especially in the time!
1344
01:03:59,512 --> 01:04:01,235
Karpov was better.
1345
01:04:01,235 --> 01:04:02,990
- [Narrator] After the huge disappointment
1346
01:04:02,990 --> 01:04:04,920
of losing the match Korchnoi refused
1347
01:04:04,920 --> 01:04:07,250
to sign the score sheet for the last game.
1348
01:04:07,250 --> 01:04:10,220
He then criticised his Head
of Delegation, Ray Keene,
1349
01:04:10,220 --> 01:04:11,840
accusing him of spending too much time
1350
01:04:11,840 --> 01:04:14,150
with his Soviet counterpart Baturinsky
1351
01:04:14,150 --> 01:04:15,700
and too much time in the press centre
1352
01:04:15,700 --> 01:04:17,610
preparing his forthcoming
book on the match.
1353
01:04:17,610 --> 01:04:20,392
- And then the whole
thing turned to rat shit.
1354
01:04:20,392 --> 01:04:22,851
Petra truly quite philosophically,
1355
01:04:22,851 --> 01:04:25,032
but Korchnoi in my opinion,
1356
01:04:25,032 --> 01:04:27,270
wrongly boycotted the closing ceremony.
1357
01:04:27,270 --> 01:04:28,850
- We weren't interested in the protocol.
1358
01:04:28,850 --> 01:04:31,200
We weren't interested in anything.
1359
01:04:31,200 --> 01:04:33,110
We just wanted to get out.
1360
01:04:33,110 --> 01:04:34,570
- [Keene] He left me to represent him,
1361
01:04:34,570 --> 01:04:37,470
which I tried to do with as
much dignity as I could muster.
1362
01:04:37,470 --> 01:04:40,280
Certainly if I'd broke off
the team at that point.
1363
01:04:40,280 --> 01:04:45,280
- Could he have won if
it was just a fair match?
1364
01:04:45,710 --> 01:04:48,350
Who knows, he never got that.
1365
01:04:48,350 --> 01:04:50,620
- Phillip half an hour later,
1366
01:04:50,620 --> 01:04:55,000
he was throwing all dirties on Korchnoi.
1367
01:04:55,000 --> 01:05:00,000
Traitor, he betrayed, you
know, he was cheating!
1368
01:05:00,330 --> 01:05:05,330
- There was this deep feeling of anger.
1369
01:05:05,809 --> 01:05:08,550
That the Soviets were
allowed to get away with
1370
01:05:08,550 --> 01:05:10,690
what they got away with.
1371
01:05:10,690 --> 01:05:11,971
- I've only felt that Korchnoi
1372
01:05:11,971 --> 01:05:14,020
for the punishment he took in that match.
1373
01:05:14,020 --> 01:05:16,400
All the family issues,
and all the other issues
1374
01:05:16,400 --> 01:05:17,850
that came into these matches.
1375
01:05:20,230 --> 01:05:22,333
It would've hurt a weaker man.
1376
01:05:25,338 --> 01:05:27,941
- I was very disappointed
when he finally lost.
1377
01:05:27,941 --> 01:05:31,360
I remember receiving this
Soviet chess newspaper
1378
01:05:31,360 --> 01:05:33,570
in the post with this incredible photo
1379
01:05:33,570 --> 01:05:36,903
of Karpov receiving the
Order of Lenin from Brezhnev.
1380
01:05:40,340 --> 01:05:41,540
- [Narrator] As soon as Korchnoi returned
1381
01:05:41,540 --> 01:05:44,970
to competitive chess, the
Battle of Baguio was behind him.
1382
01:05:44,970 --> 01:05:47,090
As a survivor of the Siege of Leningrad,
1383
01:05:47,090 --> 01:05:50,980
he learned to think about the
next day, not the last one.
1384
01:05:50,980 --> 01:05:53,513
- Two days after he lost the match,
1385
01:05:53,513 --> 01:05:56,560
Korchnoi gave his exhibition in Hong Kong,
1386
01:05:56,560 --> 01:05:58,710
and the next day
1387
01:05:58,710 --> 01:06:03,710
he flew from Hong Kong to Buenos Aires,
1388
01:06:04,410 --> 01:06:08,610
was Chess Olympiad to
play for Switzerland.
1389
01:06:08,610 --> 01:06:11,490
And I met him there and he looked
1390
01:06:11,490 --> 01:06:14,770
not as unhappy man, not at all.
1391
01:06:14,770 --> 01:06:16,470
Not at all!
1392
01:06:16,470 --> 01:06:19,880
Because he could play chess.
1393
01:06:19,880 --> 01:06:21,220
- Once he saw a chess board,
1394
01:06:21,220 --> 01:06:23,230
everything changed.
1395
01:06:23,230 --> 01:06:24,920
- He becomes the best player of Olympics!
1396
01:06:24,920 --> 01:06:27,160
Scoring +8 on the first board,
1397
01:06:27,160 --> 01:06:29,460
and he wins the Chess Oscar 1978
1398
01:06:29,460 --> 01:06:31,110
in spite for losing this match!
1399
01:06:31,110 --> 01:06:33,530
- He was still in chess.
1400
01:06:33,530 --> 01:06:35,003
He was still in business.
1401
01:06:36,460 --> 01:06:38,100
- [Narrator] Incredibly, Viktor Korchnoi
1402
01:06:38,100 --> 01:06:39,950
was again going to win
the right to challenge
1403
01:06:39,950 --> 01:06:42,180
Anatoly Karpov for the World Chess Title
1404
01:06:42,180 --> 01:06:46,066
at Morano in 1981 at the age of 50.
1405
01:06:46,066 --> 01:06:49,670
- Whether it be in '74, in '78,
1406
01:06:49,670 --> 01:06:54,093
in '81, he had become
three times the challenger.
1407
01:06:55,570 --> 01:06:58,690
- Viktor Korchnoi did what
he wanted on the chess board.
1408
01:06:58,690 --> 01:07:01,580
He said what he wanted
off the chess board.
1409
01:07:01,580 --> 01:07:04,050
He was completely his own man.
1410
01:07:04,050 --> 01:07:06,940
- So dynamic, so aggressive.
1411
01:07:06,940 --> 01:07:09,500
I would say even arrogant in
the good sense of this word.
1412
01:07:09,500 --> 01:07:12,340
In his 50s and 60s and even 70s.
1413
01:07:12,340 --> 01:07:14,110
- [Narrator] Korchnoi's stunning results
1414
01:07:14,110 --> 01:07:16,460
continued even into his 80s.
1415
01:07:16,460 --> 01:07:19,530
His victory at Gibraltar in 2011
1416
01:07:19,530 --> 01:07:22,470
over World Championship
Candidate Fabiano Caruana,
1417
01:07:22,470 --> 01:07:24,270
nearly 60 years his junior,
1418
01:07:24,270 --> 01:07:26,749
caused a sensation in the chess world.
1419
01:07:26,749 --> 01:07:29,310
- When I looked at the
quality of the game,
1420
01:07:29,310 --> 01:07:30,690
and it's amazing!
1421
01:07:30,690 --> 01:07:31,870
- He was very happy.
1422
01:07:31,870 --> 01:07:33,760
I remember he came to me and said,
1423
01:07:33,760 --> 01:07:36,080
you know I finished meditations again.
1424
01:07:36,080 --> 01:07:37,750
Would you like to read it?
1425
01:07:37,750 --> 01:07:42,750
And then he like giggled
like, did he like or not yeah?
1426
01:07:43,400 --> 01:07:47,050
- Korchnoi and myself had
problems playing tournaments.
1427
01:07:47,050 --> 01:07:49,112
But then we start to play tournaments
1428
01:07:49,112 --> 01:07:54,112
and once I can say organisers
and players are astonish
1429
01:07:56,060 --> 01:07:58,810
because we played bridge together.
1430
01:07:58,810 --> 01:08:02,470
Like many years ago in
Leningrad and Moscow.
1431
01:08:02,470 --> 01:08:05,370
- In Brussels '87 they played a game.
1432
01:08:05,370 --> 01:08:09,210
And it was dead draw but Karpov apparently
1433
01:08:09,210 --> 01:08:13,150
didn't want to, to agree to a draw.
1434
01:08:13,150 --> 01:08:15,090
He had maybe a slight edge
1435
01:08:15,090 --> 01:08:17,332
but it was nothing going on there.
1436
01:08:17,332 --> 01:08:19,607
For a moment Korchnoi touched his king
1437
01:08:19,607 --> 01:08:22,450
and it was fatal, you
couldn't touch the king.
1438
01:08:22,450 --> 01:08:27,170
Then he took his king and he threw it
1439
01:08:27,170 --> 01:08:30,790
through the playing hall. (laughing)
1440
01:08:30,790 --> 01:08:32,313
That was his way of resigning.
1441
01:08:33,920 --> 01:08:36,574
And then Korchnoi for my team
1442
01:08:36,574 --> 01:08:39,935
and we couldn't get visa to Soviet Union.
1443
01:08:39,935 --> 01:08:41,514
Consul says that he doesn't believe
1444
01:08:41,514 --> 01:08:43,898
that Korchnoi can be on my team.
1445
01:08:43,898 --> 01:08:46,800
I called Consul and I
said Korchnoi is correct,
1446
01:08:46,800 --> 01:08:49,390
he's on my team and we play in the time.
1447
01:08:49,390 --> 01:08:50,663
Could you give visa?
1448
01:08:51,736 --> 01:08:54,340
Korchnoi was very surprised
that I called our embassy
1449
01:08:54,340 --> 01:08:59,330
and to give him chance to receive visa.
1450
01:08:59,330 --> 01:09:02,143
And after this our relation
started even to be,
1451
01:09:02,143 --> 01:09:05,800
even better and so he
played I think three seasons
1452
01:09:05,800 --> 01:09:06,633
for my team.
1453
01:09:08,030 --> 01:09:09,357
- [Interviewer] So did you ever discuss
1454
01:09:09,357 --> 01:09:11,937
the 1978 World Championship?
1455
01:09:11,937 --> 01:09:13,850
- No, no, no, no, no!
1456
01:09:13,850 --> 01:09:16,083
(laughing) Certainly not! (laughing)
1457
01:09:18,220 --> 01:09:21,430
I knew it wouldn't be
a nice memory for him.
1458
01:09:21,430 --> 01:09:23,977
So why to tease him?
1459
01:09:27,110 --> 01:09:29,830
- [Narrator] Following a
stroke and heart complications,
1460
01:09:29,830 --> 01:09:33,048
Viktor Korchnoi received
treatment in a Swiss clinic.
1461
01:09:33,048 --> 01:09:36,080
His uncompromising will to
fight on the chess board
1462
01:09:37,030 --> 01:09:39,480
now became his battle in everyday life.
1463
01:09:39,480 --> 01:09:41,910
- We went to visit Viktor in the hospital.
1464
01:09:41,910 --> 01:09:43,810
And Viktor was in very bad condition,
1465
01:09:43,810 --> 01:09:45,333
but then we put chess board.
1466
01:09:46,530 --> 01:09:49,563
And his eyes focused and
kind of played a game.
1467
01:09:50,530 --> 01:09:53,960
I start showing him something
and he said, "No, let's play."
1468
01:09:53,960 --> 01:09:56,180
And you know his eyes focused
1469
01:09:56,180 --> 01:09:58,720
and he start making excellent moves.
1470
01:09:58,720 --> 01:10:01,840
And the game was going to end in a draw,
1471
01:10:01,840 --> 01:10:04,990
and he put a last trap, and
he thought he was winning,
1472
01:10:04,990 --> 01:10:06,890
and said, "auf wiedersehen" in German.
1473
01:10:17,500 --> 01:10:22,500
- The day Viktor died chess
lost its greatest figure ever.
1474
01:10:24,090 --> 01:10:27,090
- He told us, guys all
of you have potential
1475
01:10:27,090 --> 01:10:28,570
to become World Champions.
1476
01:10:28,570 --> 01:10:31,910
I reached my peak at 47 in Baguio.
1477
01:10:31,910 --> 01:10:35,010
And this words I remember forever.
1478
01:10:35,010 --> 01:10:37,910
- He will probably remembered more
1479
01:10:37,910 --> 01:10:41,390
than other, some world champions.
1480
01:10:41,390 --> 01:10:45,670
- Korchnoi's legacy to
chess is multi facet.
1481
01:10:45,670 --> 01:10:46,883
- People loved Korchnoi.
1482
01:10:47,890 --> 01:10:49,800
People, especially chess people.
1483
01:10:49,800 --> 01:10:54,260
- This is really one
of the all time greats.
1484
01:10:54,260 --> 01:10:57,370
- Viktor was just this
super human character.
1485
01:10:57,370 --> 01:11:00,150
He was a hero in the
classic sense of the word.
1486
01:11:00,150 --> 01:11:01,233
He was a fighter.
1487
01:11:03,130 --> 01:11:04,690
- Petra did something very gracious,
1488
01:11:04,690 --> 01:11:08,260
so she had a special piece of
jewellery with the number 13,
1489
01:11:08,260 --> 01:11:10,470
it was just in with all diamonds,
1490
01:11:10,470 --> 01:11:14,250
she needed for Baguio
for Korchnoi's victory.
1491
01:11:14,250 --> 01:11:16,020
She expected him to be
the 13th World Champion,
1492
01:11:16,020 --> 01:11:17,390
and she gave it to my mother.
1493
01:11:17,390 --> 01:11:18,859
Said this is for you,
1494
01:11:18,859 --> 01:11:19,880
because Garry will be 13th World Champion.
1495
01:11:19,880 --> 01:11:21,718
And my mother still keeps it.
1496
01:11:21,718 --> 01:11:23,930
That's like a sign of great honour.
1497
01:11:23,930 --> 01:11:27,050
- After all these years many
of the unkind things he said
1498
01:11:27,050 --> 01:11:30,710
about me, to my face, he never, never,
1499
01:11:30,710 --> 01:11:32,220
Viktor would never said
it behind your back.
1500
01:11:32,220 --> 01:11:33,970
Some of the fondest
things I remember of him.
1501
01:11:33,970 --> 01:11:36,160
- When Viktor left the Soviet Union,
1502
01:11:36,160 --> 01:11:41,160
he knew that he was leaving
behind his wife and son.
1503
01:11:41,870 --> 01:11:43,617
- They escaped eventually.
1504
01:11:43,617 --> 01:11:46,300
But it wasn't guaranteed.
1505
01:11:46,300 --> 01:11:49,740
I'm not sure you can
do this, but he did it.
1506
01:11:49,740 --> 01:11:54,740
- He would literally give
up all of his possessions
1507
01:11:56,340 --> 01:11:59,330
and relationships for chess.
1508
01:11:59,330 --> 01:12:01,473
- Nobody played in chess
history like Korchnoi.
1509
01:12:02,362 --> 01:12:06,510
It's very difficult to
play the way how he played.
1510
01:12:06,510 --> 01:12:10,530
- Sometime I say Rusty come,
you like chess, you like it.
1511
01:12:10,530 --> 01:12:13,330
But now you have to fight like Viktor.
1512
01:12:13,330 --> 01:12:17,310
- He is a symbol of somebody
1513
01:12:17,310 --> 01:12:22,310
who tried to fight alone
against such a monster
1514
01:12:24,739 --> 01:12:26,823
which was the Soviet Union.
1515
01:12:28,010 --> 01:12:30,290
- Viktor's legacy as an
individual was defined
1516
01:12:30,290 --> 01:12:34,200
by his fight against a system.
1517
01:12:34,200 --> 01:12:37,080
But that system no longer exists.
1518
01:12:37,080 --> 01:12:39,763
And so in a sense,
1519
01:12:41,630 --> 01:12:43,397
there's a danger his legacy will be lost
1520
01:12:43,397 --> 01:12:44,810
and I don't think it should be.
1521
01:12:44,810 --> 01:12:49,143
Because, his was a wonderful example.
1522
01:12:54,480 --> 01:12:56,360
- [Narrator] After the
epic Karpov and Korchnoi
1523
01:12:56,360 --> 01:12:59,216
chess struggles were over and
he had retired from chess,
1524
01:12:59,216 --> 01:13:02,903
Karpov became a member of
Vladimir Putin's government.
1525
01:13:03,880 --> 01:13:05,700
- I always view Karpov as a,
1526
01:13:05,700 --> 01:13:08,400
not as a just you know a personal enemy,
1527
01:13:08,400 --> 01:13:10,420
but more like a tool of the system.
1528
01:13:10,420 --> 01:13:13,975
- He a tendency to use the rules,
1529
01:13:13,975 --> 01:13:16,420
the FIDE rules, to his advantage.
1530
01:13:16,420 --> 01:13:17,780
- No matter what change was made
1531
01:13:17,780 --> 01:13:22,780
over since 1977 to 1997, you
always find one beneficiary.
1532
01:13:24,610 --> 01:13:25,600
It was Anatoly Karpov.
1533
01:13:25,600 --> 01:13:28,190
- It was more important keeping
the privilege he had gotten
1534
01:13:28,190 --> 01:13:29,534
rather than worrying about whether
1535
01:13:29,534 --> 01:13:31,460
the world would look on it kindly or not.
1536
01:13:31,460 --> 01:13:33,476
In that sense he's an extreme,
1537
01:13:33,476 --> 01:13:36,280
I don't know what the
word, cynic or pragmatist.
1538
01:13:36,280 --> 01:13:40,590
- When I played him in 1992
he came alone with this
1539
01:13:40,590 --> 01:13:44,450
parapsychologist just
sitting in the front row,
1540
01:13:44,450 --> 01:13:46,372
staring at me.
1541
01:13:46,372 --> 01:13:51,372
Those underhand tactics are
part of the Karpov armoury.
1542
01:13:51,550 --> 01:13:54,020
- I think he's one of the greatest ever.
1543
01:13:54,020 --> 01:13:57,370
Definitely the strongest player
of the world for 10 years.
1544
01:13:57,370 --> 01:14:00,530
- Not only did he defend his title twice
1545
01:14:00,530 --> 01:14:03,120
against Korchnoi but also he had
1546
01:14:03,120 --> 01:14:08,007
these extraordinary matches
against Kasparov in the 1980s.
1547
01:14:09,030 --> 01:14:13,290
- As World Champion he
was regal, impervious.
1548
01:14:13,290 --> 01:14:18,290
Then he lost the world
championship to Garry Kasparov,
1549
01:14:19,710 --> 01:14:22,000
and in the world of
chess it's often stated
1550
01:14:22,000 --> 01:14:24,400
he regained his humanity.
1551
01:14:24,400 --> 01:14:26,830
- He becomes less fanatic.
1552
01:14:26,830 --> 01:14:29,330
I think it's the same as Kasparov.
1553
01:14:29,330 --> 01:14:30,973
He becomes more sociable.
1554
01:14:30,973 --> 01:14:34,810
- As a person I've grown
to like Karpov immensely.
1555
01:14:34,810 --> 01:14:36,310
I think time and certain distance
1556
01:14:36,310 --> 01:14:38,390
from my own matches
with him have put things
1557
01:14:38,390 --> 01:14:39,930
in a certain perspective.
1558
01:14:39,930 --> 01:14:42,354
He's actually a very
witty, charming person.
1559
01:14:42,354 --> 01:14:44,926
Unbelievably good company.
1560
01:14:44,926 --> 01:14:48,510
- Anatoly as the world champion received
1561
01:14:48,510 --> 01:14:51,220
enormous benefits that he happily,
1562
01:14:51,220 --> 01:14:53,570
happily, happily accepted.
1563
01:14:53,570 --> 01:14:56,257
Later he would reflect and say (scoffs)
1564
01:14:56,257 --> 01:14:58,914
I was being an ass, wasn't it? (laughing)
1565
01:14:58,914 --> 01:15:02,040
And your're like, but he
could never, ever say that
1566
01:15:02,040 --> 01:15:03,683
in his first world.
1567
01:15:05,400 --> 01:15:06,810
- [Narrator] Kasparov also retired
1568
01:15:06,810 --> 01:15:09,670
from competitive chess in 2005,
1569
01:15:09,670 --> 01:15:11,840
but continued to be an outspoken critic
1570
01:15:11,840 --> 01:15:14,120
of Russia's democracy.
1571
01:15:14,120 --> 01:15:17,763
In 2007, Kasparov was
arrested and imprisoned
1572
01:15:17,763 --> 01:15:20,933
after an anti-Kremlin
demonstration in Moscow.
1573
01:15:22,200 --> 01:15:24,450
(chanting)
1574
01:15:25,440 --> 01:15:27,690
- So many people that
I treated as friends,
1575
01:15:27,690 --> 01:15:29,060
they didn't even call my mother.
1576
01:15:29,060 --> 01:15:30,410
And Karpov showed up in jail.
1577
01:15:30,410 --> 01:15:34,050
I wanted to see in which condition he is.
1578
01:15:34,050 --> 01:15:35,523
But they didn't allow me.
1579
01:15:36,370 --> 01:15:37,600
- Tried to bring these magazines,
1580
01:15:37,600 --> 01:15:40,660
he actually, the prison
guard brought it to me
1581
01:15:40,660 --> 01:15:42,430
and said, "It's from Karpov."
1582
01:15:42,430 --> 01:15:44,400
I said, "Come on, I know Karpov." (scoffs)
1583
01:15:44,400 --> 01:15:46,227
He said, "No, Karpov brought it to you."
1584
01:15:46,227 --> 01:15:49,470
- I know that many police
officers, they play chess.
1585
01:15:49,470 --> 01:15:51,880
They have chess sets and chess clocks.
1586
01:15:51,880 --> 01:15:54,060
And so if they would allow me to enter
1587
01:15:54,060 --> 01:15:58,290
and then we could play so
it would a fantastic news
1588
01:15:58,290 --> 01:16:01,020
for all this in the world.
1589
01:16:01,020 --> 01:16:02,570
And so they missed it.
1590
01:16:02,570 --> 01:16:04,270
- I don't know why he did it.
1591
01:16:04,270 --> 01:16:08,872
It's maybe some kind of solidarity
1592
01:16:08,872 --> 01:16:10,480
with what's past it called
1593
01:16:10,480 --> 01:16:12,515
the smallest trade union in the world,
1594
01:16:12,515 --> 01:16:14,407
the World of World Champions.
1595
01:16:14,407 --> 01:16:15,633
But he did show up.
1596
01:16:16,980 --> 01:16:20,563
Which had a very deep and
profound effect on me.
1597
01:16:25,496 --> 01:16:27,640
- [Narrator] The Korchnoi
versus Karpov match
1598
01:16:27,640 --> 01:16:29,770
highlighted the bitter internal struggle
1599
01:16:29,770 --> 01:16:32,930
of a Soviet system trying
desperately to cling to power
1600
01:16:32,930 --> 01:16:35,223
against the emerging perestroika movement.
1601
01:16:36,310 --> 01:16:39,090
- It was not just a fight
between two individuals,
1602
01:16:39,090 --> 01:16:41,990
that were so different in everything.
1603
01:16:41,990 --> 01:16:44,047
But it also was a political challenge.
1604
01:16:44,047 --> 01:16:47,880
And the political challenge
of rebel against the system,
1605
01:16:47,880 --> 01:16:50,940
he failed, but he showed the
vulnerability of the system.
1606
01:16:50,940 --> 01:16:54,432
- It was not black and white, there were,
1607
01:16:54,432 --> 01:16:57,110
there are shades of colours you know.
1608
01:16:57,110 --> 01:17:00,480
And Korchnoi, Korchnoi
was not an angel at all.
1609
01:17:00,480 --> 01:17:04,096
And Karpov was not a
monstrous figure at all.
1610
01:17:04,096 --> 01:17:06,450
(applauding)
1611
01:17:06,450 --> 01:17:09,040
- All of them were heroes,
1612
01:17:09,040 --> 01:17:10,800
and all villains.
1613
01:17:10,800 --> 01:17:13,820
But the definitely the hero was
1614
01:17:13,820 --> 01:17:16,663
the KGB because the main goal,
1615
01:17:17,829 --> 01:17:22,829
namely to keep the world
title in the Soviet Union
1616
01:17:23,990 --> 01:17:25,223
was done.
1617
01:17:29,380 --> 01:17:31,230
- [Narrator] The Karpov
versus Korchnoi matches
1618
01:17:31,230 --> 01:17:33,833
were the last hurrah of the KGB.
1619
01:17:35,550 --> 01:17:38,130
The emergence of Garry
Kasparov's generation
1620
01:17:38,130 --> 01:17:41,263
would see the KGB's
power over chess weaken.
1621
01:17:43,050 --> 01:17:44,770
- The Soviet authorities blocked us
1622
01:17:44,770 --> 01:17:47,470
from shaking hands with the defectors.
1623
01:17:47,470 --> 01:17:49,720
And then when I was
forced to played Korchnoi,
1624
01:17:49,720 --> 01:17:52,300
I was told by KGB guy on the team,
1625
01:17:52,300 --> 01:17:53,970
that you remember the rule.
1626
01:17:53,970 --> 01:17:55,670
I said basically F you.
1627
01:17:55,670 --> 01:17:57,770
You want me to play, I shake his hand.
1628
01:17:57,770 --> 01:17:59,580
I had tremendous respect for the man,
1629
01:17:59,580 --> 01:18:01,600
so it was my first rebellion.
1630
01:18:01,600 --> 01:18:03,930
- [Narrator] The clock
was finally running out
1631
01:18:03,930 --> 01:18:08,060
for the old guard of Baturinsky
and his Cold War chess men.
1632
01:18:08,060 --> 01:18:13,040
- In 1991 I have seen him
in Moscow and he was really
1633
01:18:13,040 --> 01:18:15,190
very shabby and he was drunk,
1634
01:18:15,190 --> 01:18:18,060
and he had not job any more by KGB.
1635
01:18:18,060 --> 01:18:21,100
- He was in bad shape later
on when Communism fell.
1636
01:18:21,100 --> 01:18:22,780
- He didn't have much money left and
1637
01:18:22,780 --> 01:18:24,360
Karpov bought his library.
1638
01:18:24,360 --> 01:18:26,480
- After Baturinsky died in 2002,
1639
01:18:26,480 --> 01:18:30,500
Korchnoi start to speak his big respect,
1640
01:18:30,500 --> 01:18:32,270
he like Baturinsky.
1641
01:18:32,270 --> 01:18:35,283
He had respect for him as a professional.
1642
01:18:36,560 --> 01:18:41,267
To make from KGB people are people demons,
1643
01:18:42,430 --> 01:18:45,440
I don't think it's right,
they were the same people
1644
01:18:45,440 --> 01:18:49,390
with drinking problems, women problems,
1645
01:18:49,390 --> 01:18:52,680
everything problems and
everything only working
1646
01:18:52,680 --> 01:18:55,270
for this organisation.
1647
01:18:55,270 --> 01:18:59,680
The percent of the KGB who
asked for political asylum
1648
01:18:59,680 --> 01:19:04,680
in the West are higher than
any other proper profession.
1649
01:19:05,410 --> 01:19:09,960
Because they could go
regularly to the West,
1650
01:19:09,960 --> 01:19:14,323
and they could see with all
eyes, what is difference.
1651
01:19:16,540 --> 01:19:18,310
- [Anand] That world is gone forever.
1652
01:19:18,310 --> 01:19:20,760
It'll be a long time before a chess match
1653
01:19:20,760 --> 01:19:24,721
is seen as a proxy for
geo-political agendas.
1654
01:19:24,721 --> 01:19:27,020
(thoughtful music)
1655
01:19:27,020 --> 01:19:29,350
Now what we have is youngsters
1656
01:19:29,350 --> 01:19:31,300
just having a fun game of chess.
1657
01:19:31,300 --> 01:19:33,080
- In Baguio it was 32 games.
1658
01:19:33,080 --> 01:19:36,910
But look at the World
Championship now, 12 games.
1659
01:19:36,910 --> 01:19:37,750
It's nothing.
1660
01:19:37,750 --> 01:19:39,670
- It's not a patch on
those guys in the 70s.
1661
01:19:39,670 --> 01:19:43,780
The 70s and the 80s, that era is special
1662
01:19:43,780 --> 01:19:45,080
and it'll never come back.
1663
01:19:47,556 --> 01:19:50,306
(dramatic music)
1664
01:21:20,598 --> 01:21:23,431
(dramatic music)
124046
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