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It's the early hours of the 19th of
May, 1536.
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Four clays ago, Anne Boleyn,
Queen of England, was tried here
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00:00:16,020 --> 00:00:20,665
at the Tower of London and found
guilty of adultery,
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incest and, even worse,
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treason against her husband,
King Henry VIII.
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She's been condemned to die.
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It's a stark reminder of just how
quickly her star has fallen.
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I'm historian Tracy Borman.
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Over three nights, I'm exploring
the extraordinary story
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of Anne's downfall.
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Look at that. It's just exquisite.
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00:00:53,329 --> 00:00:54,875
It's wonderful, isn't it?
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00:00:54,900 --> 00:00:59,995
It all took place in the space
of just 17 days.
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I studied Anne for most of my life.
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I think I know her well,
but I'm going to do something
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that I've never done before - I'm
going to follow in Anne's footsteps,
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take the journey with her, hour
by hour, during the three most
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important clays from
Queen to outcast,
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to find the truth behind her
downfall.
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That is incredible.
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Can I just put it in my pocket?
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I've already seen how
Anne was arrested, tried
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and sentenced to death.
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Now, in this final episode,
I'm focusing on the darkest day
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of all - the 19th of May, 1536,
the day Anne is set to be executed.
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I'll discover the order issued
by King Henry VIII,
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which decides Anne's fate.
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It's sad that behind this
very bureaucratic document
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is a real person who's going to
suffer a butchering, basically.
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Will the King grant her a
last-minute reprieve?
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Or is this Anne's final clay?
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It's the dead of night.
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Nearly all of London is asleep.
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But not quite everyone.
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At the Tower of London, the Yeomen
Warders are patrolling the grounds,
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their prisoners secure inside.
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Unsurprisingly, in the
Queen's apartments,
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where Anne is spending her final
hours,
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everyone is awake.
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Although it's just a few hours
until Anne's execution, she seems
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remarkably composed, even cheerful,
laughing and joking with her ladies.
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The Constable of the Tower,
Sir William Kingston,
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reports that Anne's moods swing
between despair and hope.
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He writes, "l have seen many men
and also women executed,
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"and all they have been in great
sorrow..."
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MAN: "..but, to my knowledge,
this lady has much joy
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"and pleasure in death."
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Maybe Anne is thinking that
King Henry will intervene
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and save her at the 11th hour,
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00:04:03,870 --> 00:04:08,484
or perhaps she's just resigned
to her fate.
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After all, her marriage is over.
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She's lost all of her power
and status,
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her family has abandoned her
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and she's been found guilty
of the most evil of crimes.
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Perhaps she just wants to be put
out of her misery.
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At his base in Austin Friars,
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the man who is determined
Anne will die today is sleeping.
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The King's chief advisor,
Thomas Cromwell.
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Just three years ago, Cromwell
masterminded Henry's marriage
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to Anne, hoping she'd give
the King a son, but she hasn't.
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Cromwell and Anne are now
at loggerheads,
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giving him the perfect opportunity
to get rid of her.
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Now, the final part of his plan
is falling into place.
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Two clays ago, the five men
accused of adultery
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with Anne, including her own
brother, George, have been taken
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from inside the tower up to Tower
Hill, where they were executed
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in full public view.
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Anne, on the other hand, is
to have a private execution.
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She's to be the first person
to be officially executed
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inside the walls of the tower.
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This means that they had to
build a scaffold and quickly.
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But why the need for such a rush?
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Cromwell wants to get Anne's
execution over and done with
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as quickly as possible,
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before the notoriously fickle
King Henry changes his mind.
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A short distance upriver at
Whitehall,
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the King is sleeping
in his private apartments.
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In a matter of hours,
he hopes to be rid of Anne,
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the woman who has failed to give him
a son.
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As King, he needs a male heir
to continue the Tudor dynasty.
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Already waiting in the wings is the
woman he hopes will replace Anne
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and provide him with a son -
Jane Seymour,
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Anne's former lady-in-waiting.
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Over the last few weeks,
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Thomas Cromwell has been working
tirelessly to make it happen.
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He's managed to get Anne sentenced
to death on trumped-up charges.
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Now, he has to make sure her
daughter Elizabeth
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can HGVGI' become QUGGH.
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But to do this, he must wipe
the marriage from existence.
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It's vital for Henry
to have the marriage annulled.
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A divorce won't do - he wants it
never to have happened
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in the first place.
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Nothing must get in the way
of the male heir
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Henry now hopes to have
with Jane Seymour.
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Three clays ago, Cromwell
persuaded the Archbishop
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of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer,
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to write off Henry's marriage to
Anne.
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Even though Cranmer has serious
doubts about Anne's guilt,
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he agrees to Cromwell's request,
perhaps to save his own skin.
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He says, "On the basis of some true,
just..."
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"..and legitimate causes recently
brought to our attention,
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"the marriage was null and void,
and had always been so,
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"which made Anne's daughter,
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"henceforth to be known as the
Lady Elizabeth, a bastard."
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This is yet another blow for Anne
because it means that her precious
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daughter, Elizabeth, is now
technically illegitimate
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and has no right to the throne.
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It seems that Anne's legacy
will be completely destroyed.
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Today, two miles upriver
from the tower at Lambeth Palace,
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Thomas Cranmer, like Anne Boleyn,
is unable to sleep.
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Cranmer is a firm supporter of Anne.
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Cranmer's mind must be spinning.
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In a way, he knows Anne better
than anyone because he's acted
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as her personal confessor.
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Anne is deeply religious.
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If she had done anything wrong,
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she would have told Cranmer
in order to seek forgiveness
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and be received into heaven.
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But even though he granted
the annulment of her marriage
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to Henry, Cranmer is
astounded at the charges.
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It's interesting because the
fact that Cranmer is so shocked
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and distraught by the allegations
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must mean he believes
her to be innocent.
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In fact, he told Henry he is...
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"..amazed, for I never had
a better opinion of woman."
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He must be desperately hoping
that the King will change his mind,
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but he's also painfully aware
that time is quickly running out.
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As Cranmer paces around his garden,
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a close friend, Alexander Ales,
arrives by boat.
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Ales is in an agitated state.
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He tells Cranmer that he's been
awoken by a terrible nightmare
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and recounts it all in gory detail.
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"It was revealed to me - whether I
was asleep or awake, I know not -
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"the Queen's neck after her head
had been cut off,
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"and this so plainly that I could
count the nerves,
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"the veins and the arteries."
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Cranmer believes this
is a premonition.
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Ales has not left home for clays,
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so how could he know Anne
is about to be executed?
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He later recounted that Cranmer
looked up to the sky and declared...
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"She, who has been the Queen
of England upon Earth,
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"will today become a
queen in heaven."
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He is now utterly overcome with
grief.
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Despite believing Anne is innocent,
Cranmer is losing hope that the King
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will grant a reprieve
and save her from the sword.
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00:11:37,829 --> 00:11:40,005
Time...is running out.
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Anne is just six hours from
execution.
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It's dawn.
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Anne is in the Queen's apartments at
the tower.
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She's with her chaplain,
receiving her final communion.
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00:12:35,789 --> 00:12:40,475
But this is a repeat of what
happened yesterday when Anne
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was supposed to be executed,
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yet it was postponed not once,
but twice.
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Why is this?
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One theory is that Cromwell is
worried there will be protests
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at the tower in support of Anne.
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People are starting to mutter
against the guilty verdict...
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...and Cromwell needs time
to clear them out of the tower
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before the execution can take place.
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This is torture for Anne.
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00:13:20,960 --> 00:13:25,884
They say hope is harder to deal
with than despair,
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and perhaps growing within her is a
notion that the King
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is having second thoughts.
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Anne, still in her apartments,
is preparing to face the world
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for the last time.
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Her distraught ladies-in-waiting
dress her.
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Hi, Eleri. Hi, Tracy.
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She carefully chooses every item
of clothing to send a message
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to those watching her execution.
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Eleri Lynn is a world expert
in Tudor clothing.
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She's reconstructing what Anne wore.
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Well, we know that she was wearing
a red kirtle,
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so that's what we understand to be
an underdress.
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A red kirtle was quite a sort of
normal thing to wear
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in the 16th century.
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Peasants wore red,
scarlet petticoats,
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so it may be that she was wearing
it to appear humble,
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so she's sort of one of the people.
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But it also plays to that idea of
humility,
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and that's certainly what she wants
to project now.
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Educated on the Continent,
Anne famed for her flamboyant,
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French style of dress.
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She usually wears rich,
colourful, imported fabrics.
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But today, for her outer gown,
she chooses something
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much more subdued.
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I think the choice of the grey
or the black fabric is quite
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important because that is the
colour of piety
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and sobriety at court.
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It's the colour of the officials and
the lawyers.
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All played to Anne trying to
be quite meek, which is not
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what she's known to be, otherwise.
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I think what she's actually doing
here is dressing down.
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She's using everything possible
in her armoury
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to try and get out of this.
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Anne is guilty of treason,
punishable by death.
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But the jury didn't specify
the method of execution.
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A Queen of England has never before
been sentenced to death,
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so this is new territory.
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00:16:01,520 --> 00:16:06,565
Deep within the National Archives
lies an extraordinary and rarely
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00:16:06,590 --> 00:16:09,204
seen document that provides
a glimpse
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into how the decision was made.
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Tucked away inside a 500-year-old
book is something truly remarkable -
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a record of the execution
warrant for Anne Boleyn.
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00:16:22,340 --> 00:16:25,725
It sets out how she's to die.
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00:16:28,060 --> 00:16:30,084
The penalty under the Treason Act
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that this all would have proceeded
under for a woman would be to be
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burned and for a man to be hanged,
drawn and quartered.
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Burning is a slow, excruciating
death.
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00:16:43,470 --> 00:16:45,645
Beheading isn't that much better,
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at least with an axe, because axes
can be very blunt - it can take
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several blows to sever a head.
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00:16:56,470 --> 00:17:00,235
But the document reveals
that, for Anne, Henry chooses
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00:17:00,260 --> 00:17:02,445
an alternative method of execution.
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So they've made a record
and that's where he says...
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00:17:05,800 --> 00:17:12,055
"..we, moved by pity, not wishing
the Lady Anne be burned, direct the
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00:17:12,080 --> 00:17:15,124
"Constable of the Tower that
on the green within the
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00:17:15,149 --> 00:17:18,315
"Tower of London, the said
Anne shall have her head
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"cut from her body."
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Because, of course, Henry orders
a sword rather than an axe, the axe
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00:17:28,190 --> 00:17:31,415
being blunt, a more kind of brutal
form of death,
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so that that wording could be
significant -
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"cut away", not "chopped away".
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Yeah, I think this is,
again, some sense of mercy
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in the King's involvement in the
process.
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00:17:44,720 --> 00:17:48,595
When Anne is told of Henry's
decision that she's to be beheaded
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by sword, she shows her dark
sense of humour.
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00:17:52,899 --> 00:17:58,084
She puts her hands around her neck
and laughs heartily and says,
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00:17:58,109 --> 00:18:01,405
"lt'll be a swift death because
I have just a little neck."
229
00:18:07,430 --> 00:18:11,874
These instructions for Anne's
execution were sent to the tower
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00:18:11,899 --> 00:18:15,045
just yesterday, giving
Sir William Kingston,
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00:18:15,070 --> 00:18:18,645
the Constable of the Tower,
little time to prepare.
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00:18:19,950 --> 00:18:24,485
What this document does make very,
very clear is the unprecedented
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nature of all of this, that a Queen
of England
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00:18:27,310 --> 00:18:29,445
has never been executed before.
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They have to get it right.
236
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And worryingly for any future
wives, now they know exactly
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what to do next time.
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Beheading by sword is a
French method of execution,
239
00:19:01,180 --> 00:19:07,204
so the King has summoned an expert
swordsman from Saint-Omer in France.
240
00:19:07,229 --> 00:19:11,874
He arrived at the tower yesterday
and soon he will have the daunting
241
00:19:11,899 --> 00:19:16,065
task of being the first man
to execute an English Queen.
242
00:19:21,020 --> 00:19:24,585
There's something quite intriguing
about the timeframe here,
243
00:19:24,610 --> 00:19:28,815
because somebody would have had to
have gone to summon the swordsman.
244
00:19:28,840 --> 00:19:30,865
You can't just pick up a phone
in those clays,
245
00:19:30,890 --> 00:19:33,224
and obviously travel is a lot
slower,
246
00:19:33,249 --> 00:19:37,785
so they would have travelled
down from London to Dover by horse
247
00:19:37,810 --> 00:19:41,255
and then, of course, sailed
over the channel and on to Calais,
248
00:19:41,280 --> 00:19:44,535
and, from there, it was a bit
further on to Saint-Omer,
249
00:19:44,560 --> 00:19:46,274
where the swordsman was.
250
00:19:46,299 --> 00:19:49,865
That would have taken at least three
clays and then, of course,
251
00:19:49,890 --> 00:19:53,785
at least three clays for the
swordsman to travel back.
252
00:19:53,810 --> 00:19:56,224
That's six clays in total at least.
253
00:19:58,730 --> 00:20:02,945
This is a damning piece of evidence
because what it means
254
00:20:02,970 --> 00:20:06,785
is that, incredibly, the swordsmen
must have been summoned
255
00:20:06,810 --> 00:20:11,455
before the verdict of Anne's trial
was delivered just five clays ago.
256
00:20:14,650 --> 00:20:16,585
It was a foregone conclusion.
257
00:20:16,610 --> 00:20:19,815
Whatever Anne does or says,
258
00:20:19,840 --> 00:20:22,305
it seems she's going to be executed.
259
00:20:33,970 --> 00:20:38,705
This is meant to be a private
execution, to preserve Anne's
260
00:20:38,730 --> 00:20:43,815
dignity and to prevent anyone
from trying to rescue her,
261
00:20:43,840 --> 00:20:47,175
so the public were ordered
to leave the tower.
262
00:20:48,400 --> 00:20:53,505
But the gates have accidentally
been left open, so now crowds
263
00:20:53,530 --> 00:20:56,815
are gathering in anticipation
of the execution.
264
00:20:58,169 --> 00:21:03,585
A thousand people have come in,
people of all ranks of society,
265
00:21:03,610 --> 00:21:07,535
to witness what is about to
unfold here on the scaffold.
266
00:21:09,760 --> 00:21:13,425
It seems incredible to think
that people would willingly choose
267
00:21:13,450 --> 00:21:18,655
to come and watch as a person's
head is severed from their body,
268
00:21:18,680 --> 00:21:22,985
but it's like the grim fascination
we have with crime dramas
269
00:21:23,010 --> 00:21:27,195
or watching as the latest celebrity
is shamed by the media,
270
00:21:27,220 --> 00:21:29,625
only this is much worse.
271
00:21:34,570 --> 00:21:38,375
Among those gathering are men
from the King's council,
272
00:21:38,400 --> 00:21:41,945
including Anne's uncle,
the Duke of Norfolk.
273
00:21:44,169 --> 00:21:47,065
There is also the King's
illegitimate son,
274
00:21:47,090 --> 00:21:49,264
the Duke of Richmond.
275
00:21:49,289 --> 00:21:54,375
Well, he's there perhaps as a
reminder to Anne that the King
276
00:21:54,400 --> 00:21:57,094
has no trouble fathering sons.
277
00:21:59,610 --> 00:22:02,785
Then the architect of
Anne's downfall arrives.
278
00:22:05,450 --> 00:22:07,014
Thomas Cromwell.
279
00:22:08,610 --> 00:22:11,605
He's about to witness the
concluding part
280
00:22:11,630 --> 00:22:15,885
of his plan to dispose of
Anne Boleyn.
281
00:22:15,910 --> 00:22:18,635
Everything is in place for the
execution.
282
00:22:21,070 --> 00:22:23,525
Sir William Kingston now heads
283
00:22:23,550 --> 00:22:26,165
for the Queen's apartments to summon
Anne.
284
00:22:27,720 --> 00:22:29,605
Time is running out.
285
00:23:02,439 --> 00:23:05,544
At the Tower of London,
in the Queen's apartments,
286
00:23:05,569 --> 00:23:09,414
Anne Boleyn is dressed
and waiting to be called.
287
00:23:12,799 --> 00:23:17,024
It's the job of the Constable
of the Tower, Sir William Kingston,
288
00:23:17,049 --> 00:23:20,383
to make sure Anne's execution
all goes to plan.
289
00:23:22,919 --> 00:23:26,864
With the time approaching,
he heads over to collect her.
290
00:23:29,049 --> 00:23:32,144
Kingston arrives at Anne's door.
291
00:23:32,169 --> 00:23:35,824
You can only imagine what
she's thinking at this moment
292
00:23:35,849 --> 00:23:40,414
because, on the one hand, it's what
she's been dreading all along.
293
00:23:43,489 --> 00:23:48,053
Perhaps she is hoping that, against
the odds, Kingston has come
294
00:23:48,078 --> 00:23:52,024
with a message from the King
informing her that he has come
295
00:23:52,049 --> 00:23:54,784
to his senses and
she will be pardoned.
296
00:23:57,249 --> 00:24:00,664
Well, if she does hope that,
it's soon shattered
297
00:24:00,689 --> 00:24:04,614
when Kingston tells her to
make ready for her execution.
298
00:24:07,049 --> 00:24:09,053
Anne replies, calmly...
299
00:24:09,078 --> 00:24:10,974
"..acquit yourself of your charge...
300
00:24:12,919 --> 00:24:15,104
"..for I have long been prepared."
301
00:24:16,889 --> 00:24:22,614
It seems extraordinary that Anne
is so ready to meet her fate
302
00:24:22,639 --> 00:24:27,104
and it's a real testament to
her strength of character.
303
00:24:27,129 --> 00:24:32,024
Her great enemy, Ambassador Chapuys,
once remarked...
304
00:24:32,049 --> 00:24:35,864
"..she was braver than a lion."
305
00:24:35,889 --> 00:24:40,464
His words were never more true
than on this,
306
00:24:40,489 --> 00:24:42,334
the last day of her life.
307
00:24:46,328 --> 00:24:52,944
Upriver at his palace in Whitehall
is the one man who can put a stop
308
00:24:52,969 --> 00:24:54,144
to the execution.
309
00:24:58,719 --> 00:24:59,694
The King.
310
00:25:06,448 --> 00:25:09,664
But there's no sign he's
about to change his mind.
311
00:25:11,359 --> 00:25:14,173
As he's dressed by his gentlemen,
312
00:25:14,198 --> 00:25:18,784
he's listening out for cannon fire
from the Tower of London.
313
00:25:18,809 --> 00:25:24,024
This will signal that Anne is
dead and he's free to remarry.
314
00:25:39,969 --> 00:25:43,944
Anne is about to be led by Sir
William Kingston
315
00:25:43,969 --> 00:25:46,334
from the sanctuary
of her apartments...
316
00:25:48,249 --> 00:25:50,534
...through Coldharbour Gate
317
00:25:50,559 --> 00:25:53,944
to the scaffold on the other side
of the White Tower,
318
00:25:53,969 --> 00:25:55,944
where she'll be executed.
319
00:25:57,369 --> 00:26:01,503
She is to be accompanied by
her four ladies-in-waiting.
320
00:26:04,639 --> 00:26:07,503
There's a terrible irony to all of
this.
321
00:26:07,528 --> 00:26:10,664
The last time Anne was here was just
three years ago
322
00:26:10,689 --> 00:26:13,303
for her coronation celebrations.
323
00:26:13,328 --> 00:26:15,503
Her story has come full circle.
324
00:26:18,809 --> 00:26:25,383
Anne, her ladies and Kingston are
met by a procession of 200 Yeomen
325
00:26:25,408 --> 00:26:30,274
of the King's Guard, followed
by the officers of the tower
326
00:26:30,299 --> 00:26:32,094
and her chaplain.
327
00:26:32,119 --> 00:26:37,734
She is escorted the short distance
towards the Coldharbour Gate.
328
00:26:37,759 --> 00:26:41,534
She knows that what awaits
her around that corner
329
00:26:41,559 --> 00:26:42,704
is the scaffold.
330
00:26:45,169 --> 00:26:47,894
The masked spectators are desperate
331
00:26:47,919 --> 00:26:50,344
to get a glimpse of the fallen
Queen...
332
00:26:50,369 --> 00:26:52,584
WHISPERS
333
00:26:52,609 --> 00:26:56,784
...and she also sees, for the
first time, the scaffold
334
00:26:56,809 --> 00:26:58,704
where she's to be beheaded.
335
00:27:03,009 --> 00:27:06,944
There's a hushed silence as
she walks through the crowd.
336
00:27:08,648 --> 00:27:12,454
People comment that she's
never looked more beautiful.
337
00:27:16,759 --> 00:27:20,984
Even now, with time running out,
Anne is looking all around her
338
00:27:21,009 --> 00:27:26,094
as if hoping to see a messenger from
the King carrying a royal pardon.
339
00:27:27,289 --> 00:27:29,224
But there is no messenger.
340
00:27:31,609 --> 00:27:35,503
Among the crowd,
Anne sees familiar faces.
341
00:27:35,528 --> 00:27:39,654
These are the men who once raised
her to be Queen.
342
00:27:41,089 --> 00:27:44,014
Her own uncle, the Duke of Norfolk,
343
00:27:44,039 --> 00:27:46,454
and the architect of her downfall...
344
00:27:47,679 --> 00:27:48,814
...Thomas Cromwell.
345
00:27:50,929 --> 00:27:55,864
They are here to make sure Anne's
life and her powerful influence...
346
00:27:57,289 --> 00:27:58,554
...are destroyed...
347
00:27:59,989 --> 00:28:01,193
...permanently.
348
00:28:13,779 --> 00:28:18,084
Kingston helps Anne to mount
the steps onto the scaffold.
349
00:28:18,109 --> 00:28:22,754
She turns to her ladies, who are
weeping, and comforts them,
350
00:28:22,779 --> 00:28:26,523
and then she sees the executioner,
351
00:28:26,548 --> 00:28:31,164
who's looking apprehensive at what
he is about to do.
352
00:28:31,189 --> 00:28:33,924
What Anne doesn't see is the
sword...
353
00:28:36,779 --> 00:28:41,924
...which is hidden underneath the
straw, so as not to alarm her.
354
00:28:48,468 --> 00:28:51,604
Anne asks Kingston for permission to
speak.
355
00:28:53,548 --> 00:28:57,474
She doesn't look like someone who's
about to be executed.
356
00:28:57,499 --> 00:29:00,884
Eyewitnesses say that she's smiling
357
00:29:00,909 --> 00:29:04,643
and it's with such a
cheerful countenance
358
00:29:04,668 --> 00:29:08,364
that she turns to
address the crowds.
359
00:29:08,389 --> 00:29:12,594
"Good, Christian people,
I am come hither to die
360
00:29:12,619 --> 00:29:17,164
"for, according to the law and by
the law, I am judged to die."
361
00:29:18,668 --> 00:29:21,804
"Therefore, I will speak
nothing against it.
362
00:29:21,829 --> 00:29:24,523
"L come hither to accuse no man,
363
00:29:24,548 --> 00:29:26,924
"nor to speak anything of that
364
00:29:26,949 --> 00:29:30,364
"whereof I am accused and condemned
to die.
365
00:29:31,588 --> 00:29:34,313
"But l pray»-
366
00:29:34,338 --> 00:29:40,954
"..God save the King and send him
long to reign over you,
367
00:29:40,979 --> 00:29:44,114
"for a gentler, nor a
more merciful prince
368
00:29:44,139 --> 00:29:45,234
"was there never.
369
00:29:46,668 --> 00:29:48,804
"And to me, he was ever a good,
370
00:29:48,829 --> 00:29:51,523
"a gentle and sovereign Lord.
371
00:29:51,548 --> 00:29:56,594
"And thus, I take my leave
of the world and of you all.
372
00:29:58,189 --> 00:30:01,313
"And I heartily desire
you all to pray for me.
373
00:30:02,418 --> 00:30:04,284
"Oh, Lord, have mercy on me.
374
00:30:04,309 --> 00:30:06,164
"To God, I commend my soul."
375
00:30:08,829 --> 00:30:12,393
Anne's words reduce
many spectators to tears.
376
00:30:14,468 --> 00:30:19,034
Well, this is an incredibly humble
speech, perhaps not what we expect
377
00:30:19,059 --> 00:30:24,724
of Anne, the woman renowned for her
feistiness and outspoken manner.
378
00:30:24,749 --> 00:30:27,313
What's she actually saying here?
379
00:30:27,338 --> 00:30:31,763
Well, I think she's trying to
make the King look kindly
380
00:30:31,788 --> 00:30:34,563
on those whom she leaves behind,
381
00:30:34,588 --> 00:30:38,204
none more so than their daughter,
Elizabeth.
382
00:30:42,588 --> 00:30:45,513
Then Anne is invited
to confess the truth.
383
00:30:46,899 --> 00:30:48,643
But instead, she replies...
384
00:30:49,949 --> 00:30:52,004
"l know I shall have no pardon,
385
00:30:52,029 --> 00:30:54,313
"but they shall
know no more from me."
386
00:30:55,899 --> 00:31:00,084
She is maintaining her innocence
right to the very end.
387
00:31:10,979 --> 00:31:13,154
The swordsmen takes off his shoes
388
00:31:13,179 --> 00:31:15,364
so that Anne won't
hear him approach.
389
00:31:17,109 --> 00:31:22,724
Anne removes her headdress, one
of her ladies hands her a linen cap.
390
00:31:23,979 --> 00:31:28,724
She tucks her hair inside so it
won't get in the way of the sword.
391
00:31:40,668 --> 00:31:44,594
The executioner steps forward,
kneels before Anne
392
00:31:44,619 --> 00:31:48,004
and begs her forgiveness
for what he's about to do.
393
00:31:50,538 --> 00:31:53,763
He asks Anne to kneel and say
her prayers.
394
00:31:57,069 --> 00:31:59,154
The crowd falls to its knees.
395
00:32:01,979 --> 00:32:03,154
It's time...
396
00:32:05,429 --> 00:32:06,844
...for the execution.
397
00:32:41,217 --> 00:32:43,942
The executioner picks up his sword
398
00:32:43,967 --> 00:32:47,552
as Anne Boleyn kneels
down on the scaffold.
399
00:32:49,097 --> 00:32:50,912
Her eyes are bandaged.
400
00:32:55,967 --> 00:33:00,631
Dazed, she says,
"jesu, you have pity on my soul."
401
00:33:03,097 --> 00:33:06,142
The crowd falls completely silent.
402
00:33:07,656 --> 00:33:12,032
The next thing to happen is that the
swordsmen signals to an assistant,
403
00:33:12,057 --> 00:33:14,302
who makes a noise, distracting Anne.
404
00:33:16,167 --> 00:33:20,032
The executioner's
hands tremble in distress.
405
00:33:20,057 --> 00:33:26,112
And in that moment, the executioner
swings his sword twice over his head
406
00:33:26,137 --> 00:33:31,501
to gain momentum and then in one
strike, severs Anne's head.
407
00:33:37,057 --> 00:33:40,062
GHASTLY WHISPERS
408
00:33:44,577 --> 00:33:47,992
DISTORTED VOICES ECHO
409
00:33:59,967 --> 00:34:04,392
Anne's head falls to the
straw on the scaffold.
410
00:34:04,417 --> 00:34:09,422
Horrified eye witnesses claim they
can see her lips still moving
411
00:34:09,447 --> 00:34:11,751
in silent prayer.
412
00:34:14,087 --> 00:34:15,782
People begin to weep.
413
00:34:17,167 --> 00:34:20,552
The Queen of England,
as she was, is dead.
414
00:34:23,167 --> 00:34:26,782
One of Anne's ladies bravely
picks up her head
415
00:34:26,807 --> 00:34:31,751
and covers it in a linen cloth,
the blood still dripping from it.
416
00:34:33,577 --> 00:34:36,831
The other three ladies,
deeply distressed
417
00:34:36,856 --> 00:34:41,032
and refusing to let any man
touch her, pick up her body,
418
00:34:41,057 --> 00:34:43,751
and together they carry Anne away.
419
00:34:46,807 --> 00:34:48,312
CANNONBALL BLASTS
420
00:34:49,807 --> 00:34:51,392
MAN SHOUTS
421
00:34:51,417 --> 00:34:56,222
Cannons at the tower fire out,
reverberating across London,
422
00:34:56,247 --> 00:35:00,422
announcing that the
Queen of England is dead.
423
00:35:00,447 --> 00:35:01,862
MAN SHOUTS AND CANNONBALL BLASTS
424
00:35:07,247 --> 00:35:09,951
At Whitehall, the King
hears the cannons.
425
00:35:11,976 --> 00:35:13,342
CANNONBALL BLASTS
426
00:35:13,367 --> 00:35:15,472
It's the signal he's been
waiting for.
427
00:35:17,497 --> 00:35:21,192
Henry takes no time
to mourn Anne's loss
428
00:35:21,217 --> 00:35:24,951
or even to celebrate it with a great
feast as he had the death
429
00:35:24,976 --> 00:35:26,831
of his first wife, Catherine.
430
00:35:26,856 --> 00:35:31,701
Instead, he boards his royal barge
and travels the short distance
431
00:35:31,726 --> 00:35:37,472
upriver to Chelsea and into the arms
of the waiting Jane Seymour.
432
00:35:48,976 --> 00:35:53,641
At the tower, Anne's body
is laid to rest.
433
00:35:53,666 --> 00:35:58,412
Not in a coffin,
but in an old arrow chest.
434
00:35:58,437 --> 00:36:01,612
It's been taken from the
tower's weapons store,
435
00:36:01,637 --> 00:36:04,442
which is right next
to the execution site.
436
00:36:06,546 --> 00:36:09,692
Well, you might think there isn't
room for a body in an arrow chest,
437
00:36:09,717 --> 00:36:14,132
but the arrows are actually
laid end to end like this,
438
00:36:14,157 --> 00:36:16,922
so it is actually quite
long, but it is also narrow.
439
00:36:16,947 --> 00:36:21,442
So it's quite lucky that Anne
was a very slender lady.
440
00:36:21,467 --> 00:36:25,362
But why hasn't anyone prepared
a proper coffin?
441
00:36:25,387 --> 00:36:28,162
Anne was once Queen of England.
442
00:36:29,277 --> 00:36:33,971
It could simply be because there was
no time to source a coffin.
443
00:36:33,996 --> 00:36:38,162
After all, Cromwell had rushed
through the Queen's execution
444
00:36:38,187 --> 00:36:40,532
as quickly as possible.
445
00:36:40,557 --> 00:36:45,562
I wonder, though, if there is
another reason.
446
00:36:45,587 --> 00:36:49,641
Responsibility for the execution and
all of the arrangements for it
447
00:36:49,666 --> 00:36:54,532
lies with William Kingston,
Constable of the Tower.
448
00:36:54,557 --> 00:36:57,641
Is it possible that he, like Anne,
449
00:36:57,666 --> 00:37:02,132
didn't really believe that Henry
would go through with the execution?
450
00:37:13,387 --> 00:37:16,721
Anne's body is brought here
to the Tower Chapel,
451
00:37:16,746 --> 00:37:20,412
where it's stripped of her
jewellery and her expensive,
452
00:37:20,437 --> 00:37:22,252
but bloodstained clothes.
453
00:37:25,916 --> 00:37:30,132
Incredibly, Henry will pass
the jewels and clothing
454
00:37:30,157 --> 00:37:34,052
of his dead wife onto
his new wife, Jane Seymour.
455
00:37:36,996 --> 00:37:40,672
At midday, three hours after
Anne's execution,
456
00:37:40,697 --> 00:37:44,342
she's buried in the chancel next
to her brother, George.
457
00:37:46,567 --> 00:37:51,701
Every year on May the 19th,
the anniversary of Anne's execution,
458
00:37:51,726 --> 00:37:55,951
an anonymous bouquet of red roses
is delivered to the tower.
459
00:37:57,367 --> 00:37:59,751
They are to be laid just over there
460
00:37:59,776 --> 00:38:04,512
on the spot where Anne Boleyn
was buried in 1536.
461
00:38:06,567 --> 00:38:10,276
It's touching to think that Anne
is still remembered
462
00:38:10,301 --> 00:38:12,565
almost 500 years after her death.
463
00:38:18,390 --> 00:38:24,255
In executing Anne, Thomas Cromwell
has pulled off a massive coup.
464
00:38:26,170 --> 00:38:29,315
He has got rid not just of
the Queen of England,
465
00:38:29,340 --> 00:38:31,485
but of all her faction.
466
00:38:33,100 --> 00:38:37,285
Cromwell goes on to become the most
powerful man in England
467
00:38:37,310 --> 00:38:38,594
after the king.
468
00:38:39,819 --> 00:38:46,075
But as Anne Boleyn learned,
no-one is safe in the Tudor court.
469
00:38:46,100 --> 00:38:50,235
In a dramatic twist of fate,
he falls from Henry's favour.
470
00:38:52,719 --> 00:38:56,315
Four years later, he, too,
is executed.
471
00:39:01,180 --> 00:39:04,405
There's a final postscript
to this story.
472
00:39:04,430 --> 00:39:06,714
After Anne's execution,
473
00:39:06,739 --> 00:39:11,315
Henry and Cromwell tried
to erase her from history.
474
00:39:11,340 --> 00:39:15,875
Her letters and portraits
were destroyed and her initials
475
00:39:15,900 --> 00:39:20,714
and emblems that once adorned
the royal palaces were removed.
476
00:39:24,619 --> 00:39:28,285
But there was one thing
they couldn't get rid of,
477
00:39:28,310 --> 00:39:31,435
despite being Queen for
just three years,
478
00:39:31,460 --> 00:39:35,645
Anne left England one of its
greatest legacies.
479
00:39:35,670 --> 00:39:39,714
22 years later, against all odds,
480
00:39:39,739 --> 00:39:43,515
her daughter was
crowned Queen Elizabeth I.
481
00:39:43,540 --> 00:39:46,645
She ruled for 44 years.
482
00:39:54,639 --> 00:39:58,665
At the Prime Minister's country
home, Chequers, is evidence
483
00:39:58,690 --> 00:40:01,505
that Elizabeth never forgot
her mother.
484
00:40:04,730 --> 00:40:07,864
We now find ourselves in
the great parlour...
485
00:40:07,889 --> 00:40:13,145
Curator Rodney Melville
is giving me exclusive access
486
00:40:13,170 --> 00:40:17,705
to a ring worn by the Queen
that contains a secret.
487
00:40:17,730 --> 00:40:22,145
So, here we have Elizabeth's ring.
488
00:40:24,040 --> 00:40:27,225
Oh, this is just incredible to see.
489
00:40:27,250 --> 00:40:30,734
And if you lift the E in diamonds...
490
00:40:30,759 --> 00:40:32,175
It's so delicate.
491
00:40:34,530 --> 00:40:36,535
That's incredible.
492
00:40:36,560 --> 00:40:42,095
There is Anne with her very
characteristic French hood...
493
00:40:42,120 --> 00:40:46,375
That's right. ..and then facing her,
Elizabeth, her daughter.
494
00:40:46,400 --> 00:40:49,705
Look at that, it's just exquisite.
495
00:40:49,730 --> 00:40:51,225
It's wonderful, isn't it?
496
00:40:51,250 --> 00:40:55,535
And the face shape, you can see,
Anne had a very long, slim face...
497
00:40:55,560 --> 00:40:58,535
Yes. ..exactly as is shown here.
498
00:40:59,730 --> 00:41:02,375
But it's just so intricate,
isn't it?
499
00:41:02,400 --> 00:41:04,944
It's absolutely beautiful.
It is amazing.
500
00:41:04,969 --> 00:41:06,505
What a piece of history.
501
00:41:06,530 --> 00:41:11,655
I have written about this -
I've never seen it in the flesh.
502
00:41:11,680 --> 00:41:15,375
As a historian, it doesn't get
much better than seeing this.
503
00:41:15,400 --> 00:41:17,944
So, thank you.
HE CHUCKLES
504
00:41:17,969 --> 00:41:22,145
Elizabeth kept her feelings
about her mother private,
505
00:41:22,170 --> 00:41:24,295
but she cherished this ring.
506
00:41:25,730 --> 00:41:29,934
It's said it was removed
from her finger on her deathbed.
507
00:41:31,480 --> 00:41:34,455
If you look at the portrait
of Anne Boleyn,
508
00:41:34,480 --> 00:41:37,705
right at the bottom,
there is a diamond. Mm.
509
00:41:37,730 --> 00:41:41,905
Whereas Elizabeth I
only has a ruby.
510
00:41:41,930 --> 00:41:43,015
Huh?
511
00:41:43,040 --> 00:41:45,225
So her mother's jewels are superior.
512
00:41:45,250 --> 00:41:48,265
Is this Elizabeth kind of
deferring to Anne?
513
00:41:48,290 --> 00:41:49,785
Very possibly.
514
00:41:49,810 --> 00:41:51,095
That's remarkable.
515
00:41:51,120 --> 00:41:53,535
Yet another show of respect,
of reverence...
516
00:41:53,560 --> 00:41:55,785
Yes. ..even, for her late mother.
Yes. Yes, I think so.
517
00:41:57,930 --> 00:42:01,814
There's one other intriguing
aspect of this ring.
518
00:42:01,839 --> 00:42:04,345
Elizabeth wore pearls a lot.
519
00:42:04,370 --> 00:42:07,625
It symbolised her, her virginity,
her purity.
520
00:42:07,650 --> 00:42:09,934
And I think it's quite interesting
521
00:42:09,959 --> 00:42:13,225
that this ring is fashioned
from mother of pearl.
522
00:42:13,250 --> 00:42:17,905
That idea of purity, of innocence,
and Anne is there.
523
00:42:19,400 --> 00:42:22,934
Elizabeth was said to rarely
speak of her mother,
524
00:42:22,959 --> 00:42:25,425
but this ring speaks for her.
525
00:42:25,450 --> 00:42:27,984
It seems to show what Elizabeth
526
00:42:28,009 --> 00:42:32,145
really felt about the woman
condemned as an adulteress.
527
00:42:33,400 --> 00:42:36,645
What it also very, very
clearly illustrates
528
00:42:36,670 --> 00:42:39,785
is Anne's most valuable legacy.
529
00:42:39,810 --> 00:42:41,505
Her daughter, of course. Yes.
530
00:42:41,530 --> 00:42:44,175
Who was a disappointment at
the time of her birth. Yes.
531
00:42:44,200 --> 00:42:47,455
And really was the beginning
of the end for Anne.
532
00:42:47,480 --> 00:42:52,215
But little did Henry know
that it was his reviled second wife
533
00:42:52,240 --> 00:42:56,015
who would give him his most
successful child.
534
00:42:56,040 --> 00:42:59,015
To think that this was on
Elizabeth's finger...
535
00:42:59,040 --> 00:43:00,905
Yes. It's amazing.
536
00:43:07,420 --> 00:43:11,655
When I set out on this journey to
follow three very significant clays
537
00:43:11,680 --> 00:43:13,545
at the end of Anne's life,
538
00:43:13,570 --> 00:43:17,064
I had so many assumptions about
Anne and her story.
539
00:43:19,120 --> 00:43:22,375
But re-examining the evidence
in real time,
540
00:43:22,400 --> 00:43:26,095
rather than looking back,
has shattered those ideas.
541
00:43:27,959 --> 00:43:31,905
Stripping back the layers
of rumour and downright lies
542
00:43:31,930 --> 00:43:34,785
that have surrounded Anne
for 500 years
543
00:43:34,810 --> 00:43:38,785
makes it clear just how groundless
the case against her was
544
00:43:38,810 --> 00:43:41,905
and how courageous she was in
the face of it all.
545
00:43:44,040 --> 00:43:49,465
Living Anne's story with her,
day by day and hour by hour,
546
00:43:49,490 --> 00:43:53,655
has brought home to me just how
deeply shocking it was
547
00:43:53,680 --> 00:43:56,655
to execute a Queen of England.
548
00:43:56,680 --> 00:44:00,925
It's also made me realise that most
people didn't really believe
549
00:44:00,950 --> 00:44:05,135
Henry VIII would go through with
it - above all, Anne herself.
46646
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