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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:04,860 --> 00:00:06,628 The Ethiopian Highlands 2 00:00:06,629 --> 00:00:10,129 rise high into the skies over the equator. 3 00:00:16,308 --> 00:00:19,945 Many rare animals are found only here 4 00:00:19,946 --> 00:00:22,029 in the cradle of mankind. 5 00:00:27,682 --> 00:00:30,705 These rough highlands in the East of Africa 6 00:00:30,706 --> 00:00:32,706 are also home to wolves. 7 00:00:35,014 --> 00:00:39,097 The animals withdrew here thousands of years ago. 8 00:00:40,221 --> 00:00:44,388 This is the story of a young she wolf and her pack. 9 00:00:46,409 --> 00:00:50,819 They are highland wolves and only roam here 10 00:00:50,820 --> 00:00:52,989 on the roof of Africa. 11 00:01:13,919 --> 00:01:16,461 Up to a height of 3,000 meters, 12 00:01:16,462 --> 00:01:20,629 jungle surrounds the edges of the Ethiopian Highlands. 13 00:01:23,946 --> 00:01:28,552 During the rainy season, fog pervades the treetops. 14 00:01:28,553 --> 00:01:31,220 The air is saturated with steam. 15 00:01:33,959 --> 00:01:37,608 Plants, similar to our heather, grow meters high. 16 00:01:45,179 --> 00:01:48,846 This is a forest that withholds its secrets. 17 00:01:53,005 --> 00:01:56,118 Much of the woodland is untouched. 18 00:01:56,119 --> 00:01:58,009 New species are discovered here 19 00:01:58,010 --> 00:02:01,343 at the edge of the highlands every year. 20 00:02:10,154 --> 00:02:12,265 It was only recently discovered 21 00:02:12,266 --> 00:02:15,285 that lions have made this jungle their home. 22 00:02:15,286 --> 00:02:18,453 How they live here is still a mystery. 23 00:02:31,198 --> 00:02:35,222 The fog dissipates where the open highlands begin. 24 00:02:42,732 --> 00:02:46,899 An icy plateau extends at a height of 4,000 meters. 25 00:02:48,766 --> 00:02:50,460 The Ethiopian Highlands 26 00:02:50,461 --> 00:02:52,446 are one of the few places on earth 27 00:02:52,447 --> 00:02:56,530 where frost can be found so close to the equator. 28 00:03:06,176 --> 00:03:09,060 Rolled up snuggly against the cold, 29 00:03:09,061 --> 00:03:10,936 a wolf lies in the grass. 30 00:03:13,525 --> 00:03:15,358 Let's call her Megeti. 31 00:03:17,722 --> 00:03:19,674 Distant barking from the neighboring valley 32 00:03:19,675 --> 00:03:21,604 has woken her. 33 00:03:21,605 --> 00:03:24,689 But first, the subzero temperatures of the night 34 00:03:24,690 --> 00:03:26,523 need to rise somewhat. 35 00:03:31,879 --> 00:03:34,537 She has been wandering the plateau by herself 36 00:03:34,538 --> 00:03:35,536 for weeks. 37 00:03:35,537 --> 00:03:38,230 The barking beckons her. 38 00:03:38,231 --> 00:03:40,114 Megeti has lost her pack 39 00:03:40,115 --> 00:03:42,532 and is looking for a new one. 40 00:03:43,646 --> 00:03:45,250 She needs to be careful. 41 00:03:45,251 --> 00:03:49,418 Roaming around another pack's territory can be dangerous. 42 00:03:59,354 --> 00:04:00,845 The morning greeting ritual 43 00:04:00,846 --> 00:04:03,569 is enjoyed by her entire pack. 44 00:04:03,570 --> 00:04:05,327 Just like their European cousins, 45 00:04:05,328 --> 00:04:09,563 Ethiopian wolves live in groups of up to 20 animals. 46 00:04:13,501 --> 00:04:16,357 They are obviously happy to see one another 47 00:04:16,358 --> 00:04:18,941 after such a bitter cold night. 48 00:04:21,216 --> 00:04:23,259 On calm days like these, 49 00:04:23,260 --> 00:04:26,593 the warming sun is especially enjoyable. 50 00:04:30,704 --> 00:04:32,976 Only members of the family clan 51 00:04:32,977 --> 00:04:35,486 are allowed to join in the ritual. 52 00:04:35,487 --> 00:04:38,472 It strengthens the bond between the pack 53 00:04:38,473 --> 00:04:40,640 and affirms its hierarchy. 54 00:04:44,147 --> 00:04:47,203 An outsider wolf would not be accepted. 55 00:04:52,585 --> 00:04:56,581 Finally, the pack sets off to patrol its territory. 56 00:05:04,029 --> 00:05:06,130 The animals monitor the border 57 00:05:06,131 --> 00:05:09,245 of a 13 square kilometer area, 58 00:05:09,246 --> 00:05:12,079 securing the best hunting grounds. 59 00:05:18,963 --> 00:05:22,780 The alpha female of the pack stays behind 60 00:05:22,781 --> 00:05:25,281 as do her three week old pups. 61 00:05:27,327 --> 00:05:31,410 The little ones spent the night alone in the den. 62 00:05:36,088 --> 00:05:40,255 Their only food source is still their mother's milk. 63 00:05:43,051 --> 00:05:45,176 Until the others are back form the hunt 64 00:05:45,177 --> 00:05:48,010 the mother won't leave their side. 65 00:06:00,546 --> 00:06:02,413 The Ethiopian Highlands 66 00:06:02,414 --> 00:06:04,658 are divided into two sections 67 00:06:04,659 --> 00:06:06,420 by the great rift valley. 68 00:06:06,421 --> 00:06:08,185 Pressure in the earth's crust 69 00:06:08,186 --> 00:06:11,076 pushes the land two centimeters further apart 70 00:06:11,077 --> 00:06:12,077 every year. 71 00:06:17,726 --> 00:06:21,344 It is this rift that was once the cradle of mankind 72 00:06:21,345 --> 00:06:24,595 and is home to diverse flora and fauna. 73 00:06:33,038 --> 00:06:34,774 Their thick fur 74 00:06:34,775 --> 00:06:38,216 protects the geladas during the cold highland nights. 75 00:06:38,217 --> 00:06:42,373 The rare primates sleep in crevices in rock face 76 00:06:42,374 --> 00:06:46,541 where they are protected from leopards and other predators. 77 00:06:48,464 --> 00:06:49,916 Monkey by monkey, 78 00:06:49,917 --> 00:06:52,538 the group slowly follows the alpha male 79 00:06:52,539 --> 00:06:54,289 to a spot in the sun. 80 00:06:57,300 --> 00:07:00,003 Still shivering from the cold of the night, 81 00:07:00,004 --> 00:07:02,004 waking up isn't so easy. 82 00:07:35,213 --> 00:07:39,380 Now, all of the geladas who come together on the plateau, 83 00:07:41,130 --> 00:07:43,483 as usual, it's the smallest 84 00:07:43,484 --> 00:07:46,363 that can't keep still for long. 85 00:07:46,364 --> 00:07:48,442 Geladas are not scared of water. 86 00:07:48,443 --> 00:07:51,381 After all, for several months of the year, 87 00:07:51,382 --> 00:07:52,965 it rains every day. 88 00:08:17,750 --> 00:08:19,515 After the morning's ablutions, 89 00:08:19,516 --> 00:08:21,535 it's time for grooming. 90 00:08:21,536 --> 00:08:25,790 But fur care is only the secondary function of this ritual. 91 00:08:25,791 --> 00:08:27,860 As with the wolves' morning greeting, 92 00:08:27,861 --> 00:08:31,410 the body contact strengthens central cohesion. 93 00:08:31,411 --> 00:08:33,523 So everyone within touching distance 94 00:08:33,524 --> 00:08:36,430 receives a free delousing. 95 00:08:46,179 --> 00:08:48,049 It's also a chance for the alpha male 96 00:08:48,050 --> 00:08:49,994 to stifle any competition. 97 00:08:49,995 --> 00:08:53,971 Usually just a few threatening gestures are needed. 98 00:08:53,972 --> 00:08:55,916 The animal's terrifying dentures 99 00:08:55,917 --> 00:08:59,084 are thankfully rarely put to the test. 100 00:09:06,860 --> 00:09:10,582 Geladas are the descendants of an entire primate genus 101 00:09:10,583 --> 00:09:14,250 that used to exist all over Africa and Asia. 102 00:09:16,259 --> 00:09:20,426 Nowadays, they are found only in the mountains of Ethiopia. 103 00:09:23,214 --> 00:09:25,483 The diversity of the natural habits 104 00:09:25,484 --> 00:09:29,401 has lead to the origination of diverse species. 105 00:09:30,896 --> 00:09:34,457 Even today, the elemental forces of the earth's crust 106 00:09:34,458 --> 00:09:37,759 is still shaping the roof of Africa. 107 00:09:49,276 --> 00:09:52,859 The wolves are spreading their scent marks. 108 00:09:54,861 --> 00:09:58,323 Invisible lines traverse the plane. 109 00:09:58,324 --> 00:10:00,499 Territory markers. 110 00:10:00,500 --> 00:10:02,845 They are respected by the wolves of a region 111 00:10:02,846 --> 00:10:04,846 and refreshed regularly. 112 00:10:06,670 --> 00:10:08,356 When things are quiet, 113 00:10:08,357 --> 00:10:09,942 the pack splits up and each wolf 114 00:10:09,943 --> 00:10:12,360 goes its own way for the day. 115 00:10:18,258 --> 00:10:22,974 Megeti is wandering along one of the invisible borderlines. 116 00:10:22,975 --> 00:10:24,905 She's been wandering close to the area 117 00:10:24,906 --> 00:10:27,406 of a new pack for days. 118 00:10:27,407 --> 00:10:31,068 The scent traces picked up by her sensitive nose 119 00:10:31,069 --> 00:10:34,686 relay information about them to her. 120 00:10:34,687 --> 00:10:37,520 There is nothing edible left here. 121 00:10:39,310 --> 00:10:41,333 But rolling around in the carcass 122 00:10:41,334 --> 00:10:44,363 gives the young wolf a sense of wellbeing 123 00:10:44,364 --> 00:10:46,614 as with all canine species. 124 00:10:48,293 --> 00:10:50,194 Megeti is unaware of what is happening 125 00:10:50,195 --> 00:10:52,575 on the other side of the hill. 126 00:10:57,788 --> 00:10:59,626 The pups of the Alpha female 127 00:10:59,627 --> 00:11:01,544 are busy playing games. 128 00:11:03,269 --> 00:11:07,436 She's not expecting there to be any strange wolves nearby. 129 00:11:12,576 --> 00:11:13,844 The hill over the den 130 00:11:13,845 --> 00:11:17,428 is a favorite play area for the young ones. 131 00:11:22,715 --> 00:11:26,882 Whoever plays here, has the best lookout position. 132 00:11:32,190 --> 00:11:35,025 But something's not right. 133 00:11:35,026 --> 00:11:38,934 They spotted Megeti and react instantly. 134 00:11:42,665 --> 00:11:45,915 Their mother has also caught her scent. 135 00:11:52,139 --> 00:11:55,060 Her warning cries to her young are unmistakable. 136 00:11:55,061 --> 00:11:56,372 Get in the den! 137 00:12:01,610 --> 00:12:05,777 The female does not hesitate and runs towards the intruder. 138 00:12:09,395 --> 00:12:12,812 Loudly she calls to the rest of the pack. 139 00:12:18,690 --> 00:12:20,812 She keeps her distance to Megeti 140 00:12:20,813 --> 00:12:23,257 and continues the warning cries to her pups 141 00:12:23,258 --> 00:12:24,841 to stay in the den. 142 00:12:27,239 --> 00:12:30,963 All Megeti wants is contact with the wolves. 143 00:12:37,808 --> 00:12:41,891 But for the mother, her intrusion is unacceptable 144 00:12:46,486 --> 00:12:48,904 and she forces the young she wolf 145 00:12:48,905 --> 00:12:52,072 back over the unseen territorial line. 146 00:12:59,563 --> 00:13:02,395 Megeti dares a last attempt. 147 00:13:02,396 --> 00:13:04,919 Surviving without the protection of a pack 148 00:13:04,920 --> 00:13:07,920 is a daunting task in the highlands. 149 00:13:15,225 --> 00:13:18,216 But this time, the mother stays in pursuit 150 00:13:18,217 --> 00:13:22,221 until the intruder is dispelled from the territory. 151 00:13:32,040 --> 00:13:35,998 The canyons of the highlands are like funnels. 152 00:13:35,999 --> 00:13:38,085 When the sun warms the air all day, 153 00:13:38,086 --> 00:13:40,310 strong currents form. 154 00:13:44,680 --> 00:13:47,291 Perfect conditions for the aerial games 155 00:13:47,292 --> 00:13:49,459 of the thick billed raven. 156 00:13:54,201 --> 00:13:56,214 A piece of wood is all that is needed 157 00:13:56,215 --> 00:13:58,772 to show off an extravagant flight maneuver 158 00:13:58,773 --> 00:14:00,698 for the partner. 159 00:14:08,075 --> 00:14:09,564 Thick billed ravens 160 00:14:09,565 --> 00:14:12,296 are the world's largest songbirds. 161 00:14:12,297 --> 00:14:14,805 Elegantly, they demonstrate their rein 162 00:14:14,806 --> 00:14:18,920 over the airspace of the roof of Africa. 163 00:14:57,222 --> 00:14:58,706 The springs of the highlands 164 00:14:58,707 --> 00:15:01,288 are the source of countless rivers. 165 00:15:01,289 --> 00:15:02,642 The drinking water supply 166 00:15:02,643 --> 00:15:06,810 for millions of people living in the horn of Africa. 167 00:15:15,994 --> 00:15:18,733 Megeti has ended up in this water world 168 00:15:18,734 --> 00:15:21,777 at the edge of the wolves' territory. 169 00:15:21,778 --> 00:15:24,822 Ethiopian wolves tend to avoid swamplands 170 00:15:24,823 --> 00:15:27,240 and do not usually hunt here. 171 00:15:31,162 --> 00:15:33,641 But Megeti has no choice. 172 00:15:33,642 --> 00:15:37,809 All the other territories in the region are taken. 173 00:15:41,580 --> 00:15:44,551 These blue winged geese have young goslings, 174 00:15:44,552 --> 00:15:47,385 which are worth a hunting attempt. 175 00:15:51,188 --> 00:15:53,180 But the wolf's hunting prowess 176 00:15:53,181 --> 00:15:55,194 leaves much to be desired 177 00:15:55,195 --> 00:15:57,778 and youngsters dive for safety. 178 00:16:08,260 --> 00:16:12,010 Megeti doesn't dare go into the deeper water. 179 00:16:13,219 --> 00:16:16,838 So she woefully continues on an empty stomach. 180 00:16:16,839 --> 00:16:18,164 Perhaps she'll have better luck 181 00:16:18,165 --> 00:16:20,898 on the other side of the swamp. 182 00:16:34,246 --> 00:16:39,244 But even the territory beyond the springs is also taken. 183 00:16:39,245 --> 00:16:41,966 Ethiopia is one of the most densely populated 184 00:16:41,967 --> 00:16:43,634 countries in Africa. 185 00:16:47,922 --> 00:16:49,386 Nomadic cattle herders 186 00:16:49,387 --> 00:16:52,695 press into the protected lands. 187 00:16:52,696 --> 00:16:56,074 Almost 100 million people living on a surface area 188 00:16:56,075 --> 00:16:59,242 of some one million square kilometers. 189 00:17:00,329 --> 00:17:02,014 Despite the rough climate, 190 00:17:02,015 --> 00:17:05,682 the meadows are well suited as grazing land. 191 00:17:08,802 --> 00:17:10,149 Where there are people 192 00:17:10,150 --> 00:17:13,317 there is always something to scavenge. 193 00:17:26,250 --> 00:17:28,238 Surrounded by cattle, 194 00:17:28,239 --> 00:17:31,572 the starving wolf closes in on her prey. 195 00:17:34,676 --> 00:17:37,926 Ethiopian wolves are nutrition experts. 196 00:17:40,521 --> 00:17:43,021 They almost only hunt rodents. 197 00:17:46,409 --> 00:17:49,742 The cattle don't even raise their heads. 198 00:17:51,402 --> 00:17:54,894 The young wolf stays near the harmless herbivores 199 00:17:54,895 --> 00:17:57,478 to get even closer to her prey. 200 00:18:01,973 --> 00:18:04,534 Once she has a victim in her sights, 201 00:18:04,535 --> 00:18:07,702 she uses her fine hearing to track it. 202 00:18:15,306 --> 00:18:16,978 The digging causes panic 203 00:18:16,979 --> 00:18:20,396 and forces the small creature to the exit 204 00:18:24,099 --> 00:18:27,099 where she is waiting with open arms. 205 00:18:37,853 --> 00:18:41,256 But the grass rat is little more than a snack. 206 00:18:41,257 --> 00:18:43,887 It won't satisfy her for long. 207 00:18:43,888 --> 00:18:47,888 Not far away, her chances of success are higher. 208 00:18:52,741 --> 00:18:56,074 The neighborhood opens up to a wide dip. 209 00:18:59,666 --> 00:19:01,441 The deep grooves in the ground 210 00:19:01,442 --> 00:19:05,344 are caused by an extraordinary creature. 211 00:19:15,409 --> 00:19:16,992 The giant mole rat. 212 00:19:21,945 --> 00:19:23,399 The popular choice, 213 00:19:23,400 --> 00:19:26,900 as the rodents weigh more than a kilogram. 214 00:19:32,100 --> 00:19:34,926 A mole rat spends its entire life 215 00:19:34,927 --> 00:19:37,427 burrowing beneath the surface. 216 00:19:40,263 --> 00:19:41,096 Barely dawn 217 00:19:41,097 --> 00:19:44,546 and already digging away at the back door. 218 00:19:44,547 --> 00:19:46,455 With the grace of an excavator, 219 00:19:46,456 --> 00:19:49,789 they shovel their way through the earth. 220 00:20:02,228 --> 00:20:03,395 What was that? 221 00:20:07,405 --> 00:20:09,822 Oh, just the neighbors again. 222 00:20:11,461 --> 00:20:14,251 Giant mole rats are socialable creatures. 223 00:20:14,252 --> 00:20:15,994 Yet no one quite knows 224 00:20:15,995 --> 00:20:18,662 what they get up to underground. 225 00:20:22,976 --> 00:20:26,257 They can only be found in the Ethiopian Highlands. 226 00:20:26,258 --> 00:20:30,465 They eat anything green they can get their paws on. 227 00:20:30,466 --> 00:20:32,282 When the coast is clear, 228 00:20:32,283 --> 00:20:36,450 they even grab a few bites outside of their burrow. 229 00:20:41,016 --> 00:20:44,433 The large rodents have a surprising ally. 230 00:20:48,411 --> 00:20:49,911 The moorland chat. 231 00:20:58,304 --> 00:20:59,693 Where there's a rat, 232 00:20:59,694 --> 00:21:03,003 there's usually one of these small birds. 233 00:21:03,004 --> 00:21:05,594 The rodents have come to rely on the birds 234 00:21:05,595 --> 00:21:07,345 as reliable lookouts. 235 00:21:14,947 --> 00:21:16,911 With one on the lookout, 236 00:21:16,912 --> 00:21:19,162 one can dig around at will. 237 00:21:24,270 --> 00:21:28,097 Which is exactly what the moorland chat wants. 238 00:21:28,098 --> 00:21:30,009 The beetle larvae hidden underground 239 00:21:30,010 --> 00:21:34,177 would be out of reach without the help of the rodent. 240 00:21:35,433 --> 00:21:37,781 Two or three of these protein parcels 241 00:21:37,782 --> 00:21:41,365 are enough to fill the stomach for the day. 242 00:21:56,268 --> 00:21:59,159 The restless excavations of the mole rat 243 00:21:59,160 --> 00:22:01,606 attracts more visitors. 244 00:22:01,607 --> 00:22:05,607 These too only exist in the Ethiopian Highlands. 245 00:22:12,731 --> 00:22:14,148 The wattled ibis. 246 00:22:16,235 --> 00:22:19,386 Wherever the giant rodents are doing their groundwork, 247 00:22:19,387 --> 00:22:20,965 they arrive in flocks 248 00:22:20,966 --> 00:22:23,107 to pick up the larvae and worms 249 00:22:23,108 --> 00:22:24,858 in the loosened soil. 250 00:22:35,500 --> 00:22:38,772 The giant mole rats only rummage around the surface 251 00:22:38,773 --> 00:22:41,026 for about an hour a day. 252 00:22:41,027 --> 00:22:44,712 Enough time to not just secure food for themselves 253 00:22:44,713 --> 00:22:48,463 but also for their manifold feathered guests. 254 00:23:15,344 --> 00:23:17,066 The pack regularly returns 255 00:23:17,067 --> 00:23:19,734 to the pup's den in on the hill. 256 00:23:22,726 --> 00:23:26,570 It is a fine vantage point for surveying the plain. 257 00:23:27,556 --> 00:23:31,389 Megeti doesn't realize that she has been seen. 258 00:23:41,004 --> 00:23:44,459 Yet today, something is different. 259 00:23:44,460 --> 00:23:46,793 The young wolf is undecided. 260 00:23:48,767 --> 00:23:50,934 The other wolves approach. 261 00:23:53,020 --> 00:23:54,187 And she waits. 262 00:24:03,807 --> 00:24:08,049 Eye to eye, they stand and face one another 263 00:24:08,050 --> 00:24:11,885 but the pack's leader doesn't attack. 264 00:24:11,886 --> 00:24:15,110 Megeti decides to make the first move. 265 00:24:21,341 --> 00:24:23,341 The ban has been broken. 266 00:24:33,979 --> 00:24:38,104 The others welcome the young wolf without restraint. 267 00:24:38,105 --> 00:24:42,272 Megeti's patience has paid off, the pack takes her in. 268 00:24:51,881 --> 00:24:54,945 Now they will go on patrols together. 269 00:24:54,946 --> 00:24:56,986 The rich hunting ground of the pack 270 00:24:56,987 --> 00:25:00,320 extends into the vast plain before them. 271 00:25:03,731 --> 00:25:07,074 Megeti is keen to take advantage of it. 272 00:25:13,365 --> 00:25:14,365 Too keen. 273 00:25:15,877 --> 00:25:18,210 The giant mole rat is alert. 274 00:25:20,166 --> 00:25:23,668 Nextdoor, another has gnawed everything there 275 00:25:23,669 --> 00:25:27,586 and is working its way towards new green areas. 276 00:25:28,590 --> 00:25:30,590 This could be easy prey. 277 00:25:42,443 --> 00:25:45,969 But the warren has several exits. 278 00:26:07,882 --> 00:26:11,799 Hunting mole rats requires a tactical approach. 279 00:26:14,606 --> 00:26:17,523 The first attempt must be successful. 280 00:26:17,524 --> 00:26:19,857 There are no second chances. 281 00:26:32,450 --> 00:26:35,365 Like a cat, the wolf creeps in 282 00:26:35,366 --> 00:26:38,811 until she is within a leap of her prey. 283 00:26:38,812 --> 00:26:43,412 The rodents sense the slightest vibrations in the ground. 284 00:26:43,413 --> 00:26:45,466 The closer she is to her goal, 285 00:26:45,467 --> 00:26:49,231 the smaller the huntress makes herself. 286 00:26:49,232 --> 00:26:51,080 She does not let the clueless rat 287 00:26:51,081 --> 00:26:53,664 out of her sights for a second. 288 00:27:02,986 --> 00:27:04,236 If it looks up, 289 00:27:06,452 --> 00:27:07,952 that means freeze. 290 00:27:10,205 --> 00:27:12,271 Giant mole rats are shortsighted. 291 00:27:12,272 --> 00:27:13,336 In the distance, 292 00:27:13,337 --> 00:27:16,804 they can only register shadows and movement. 293 00:27:29,854 --> 00:27:32,670 The rodent blocks the cave entrance, 294 00:27:32,671 --> 00:27:34,838 fiercely defending itself. 295 00:27:52,190 --> 00:27:54,988 But Megeti's persistence pays off. 296 00:27:54,989 --> 00:27:58,431 She just needs a couple more catches like this a day 297 00:27:58,432 --> 00:28:00,599 to ensure a balanced diet. 298 00:28:02,122 --> 00:28:03,335 The giant mole rat 299 00:28:03,336 --> 00:28:05,738 plays a key role in the ecosystem 300 00:28:05,739 --> 00:28:08,163 of the Ethiopian Highlands. 301 00:28:08,164 --> 00:28:12,081 The wolves would not survive here without them. 302 00:28:20,335 --> 00:28:22,752 Africa, just beneath the sky. 303 00:28:24,365 --> 00:28:27,282 Only rarely do the clouds manage to envelope 304 00:28:27,283 --> 00:28:29,283 the highlands like this. 305 00:28:35,470 --> 00:28:36,837 Just underneath, 306 00:28:36,838 --> 00:28:39,768 where the sea of clouds meet the land, 307 00:28:39,769 --> 00:28:42,186 unique forests of fog emerge. 308 00:28:43,181 --> 00:28:46,022 Just a stone's throw from the plateau, 309 00:28:46,023 --> 00:28:48,690 yet an entirely different world. 310 00:28:52,719 --> 00:28:55,667 Little is known about Bale monkeys. 311 00:28:55,668 --> 00:28:58,355 They only live in these forests. 312 00:28:58,356 --> 00:29:00,304 The monkeys are bamboo experts 313 00:29:00,305 --> 00:29:03,305 and rarely come down from the trees. 314 00:29:09,596 --> 00:29:12,957 The animals are being keenly observed. 315 00:29:30,089 --> 00:29:31,171 No one knows 316 00:29:31,172 --> 00:29:35,339 what brought the kings of the savanna to the forests. 317 00:29:39,081 --> 00:29:43,142 Jungle lions have never been filmed before. 318 00:29:43,143 --> 00:29:46,143 Are these vervets really their prey? 319 00:29:48,135 --> 00:29:51,317 There is no research data on the hunting behavior 320 00:29:51,318 --> 00:29:54,221 or way of life of the lions that live here. 321 00:29:54,222 --> 00:29:58,104 A species that one usually knows so much about. 322 00:30:17,066 --> 00:30:20,605 Whether it's Bale monkeys or jungle lions, 323 00:30:20,606 --> 00:30:24,680 year after year, these forests reveal new secrets. 324 00:30:30,534 --> 00:30:32,278 In the north of Ethiopia, 325 00:30:32,279 --> 00:30:36,083 giant heather trees cover the high plateau. 326 00:30:36,084 --> 00:30:38,841 The light vegetation allows much space 327 00:30:38,842 --> 00:30:41,008 for expansive meadows. 328 00:30:41,009 --> 00:30:43,842 The grazing ground of the geladas. 329 00:30:51,427 --> 00:30:53,634 With their short, powerful fingers 330 00:30:53,635 --> 00:30:54,755 they rip up the turf 331 00:30:54,756 --> 00:30:57,576 and pick seeds out of the ground. 332 00:30:57,577 --> 00:31:00,191 Geladas are the only primates in the world 333 00:31:00,192 --> 00:31:02,775 that exclusively feed on grass. 334 00:31:08,932 --> 00:31:12,127 This grass ripping is a trained skill, 335 00:31:12,128 --> 00:31:15,433 but practicing it quickly becomes boring. 336 00:31:15,434 --> 00:31:19,782 Playing around is much more fun for the offspring. 337 00:31:40,471 --> 00:31:42,046 The thin grain blades 338 00:31:42,047 --> 00:31:44,971 only offer a meager calorie intake. 339 00:31:44,972 --> 00:31:47,155 Forcing the geladas to eat 340 00:31:47,156 --> 00:31:49,906 for up to 10 hours a day. 341 00:32:04,266 --> 00:32:06,016 Shortly before sunset, 342 00:32:06,017 --> 00:32:09,061 the geladas retire to the rock face. 343 00:32:16,372 --> 00:32:18,217 Whilst the grownups enjoy 344 00:32:18,218 --> 00:32:20,968 the last warming rays of the sun, 345 00:32:24,073 --> 00:32:27,649 the little ones show no interest whatsoever 346 00:32:27,650 --> 00:32:29,161 in going to bed. 347 00:33:17,313 --> 00:33:20,010 Once the sun finally takes its leave, 348 00:33:20,011 --> 00:33:22,430 the geladas descend the rock face, 349 00:33:22,431 --> 00:33:25,014 look for a safe place to sleep. 350 00:33:28,093 --> 00:33:29,704 Cuddling close to one another 351 00:33:29,705 --> 00:33:31,608 is the best way to withstand 352 00:33:31,609 --> 00:33:34,359 the cold nights of the highlands. 353 00:34:06,160 --> 00:34:09,561 Slowly, the sun regains its strength again 354 00:34:09,562 --> 00:34:12,389 and begins to warm the frozen ground. 355 00:34:28,611 --> 00:34:32,433 Lonely nights are a thing of the past for Megeti. 356 00:34:32,434 --> 00:34:36,502 Now she needs to find her place in the pack. 357 00:34:36,503 --> 00:34:39,211 As usual, the young are the first to wake up 358 00:34:39,212 --> 00:34:42,712 and fill the time with climbing exercises. 359 00:34:49,713 --> 00:34:53,796 But soon hunger brings them back to their mother. 360 00:35:00,957 --> 00:35:03,845 The pups have built up trust in Megeti 361 00:35:03,846 --> 00:35:06,260 and even though she has nothing to offer them, 362 00:35:06,261 --> 00:35:10,261 she puts up with their small sharp teeth anyway. 363 00:35:23,255 --> 00:35:24,933 After the morning ritual, 364 00:35:24,934 --> 00:35:27,580 the wolves go down to the plateau. 365 00:35:27,581 --> 00:35:29,331 The pups stay behind. 366 00:35:32,522 --> 00:35:35,975 They lick the frost off the surface of the petals. 367 00:35:35,976 --> 00:35:37,283 As long as they are weened, 368 00:35:37,284 --> 00:35:40,350 they do not need the extra water 369 00:35:40,351 --> 00:35:44,518 but, the cold droplets on the plants are intriguing. 370 00:35:50,277 --> 00:35:53,573 Today Megeti stays with the pups. 371 00:35:53,574 --> 00:35:55,596 The young female looks after them 372 00:35:55,597 --> 00:35:57,503 as a matter of course. 373 00:35:57,504 --> 00:36:00,642 And they make sure they get up to all the trouble 374 00:36:00,643 --> 00:36:03,143 that young animals love doing. 375 00:36:08,451 --> 00:36:11,391 It's not unusual for low ranking females 376 00:36:11,392 --> 00:36:12,555 to look after the young 377 00:36:12,556 --> 00:36:15,306 whilst the others go off to hunt. 378 00:36:21,830 --> 00:36:25,568 Never before has the pup seen a mole rat, 379 00:36:25,569 --> 00:36:29,152 but it already practices like a grown wolf. 380 00:36:37,457 --> 00:36:40,036 And even has the most important lesson 381 00:36:40,037 --> 00:36:42,800 of the highland wolves in his blood, 382 00:36:42,801 --> 00:36:46,384 once you've caught something, never let go. 383 00:36:53,487 --> 00:36:57,829 And if need be, fight for it and get it back. 384 00:37:15,188 --> 00:37:18,413 Megeti intuitively knows what to do, 385 00:37:18,414 --> 00:37:21,443 as if she's done nothing else her whole life, 386 00:37:21,444 --> 00:37:24,027 she trains with the young ones. 387 00:37:36,332 --> 00:37:38,805 This training also serves the purpose 388 00:37:38,806 --> 00:37:40,096 of making Megeti 389 00:37:40,097 --> 00:37:43,097 more experienced with the wild pups. 390 00:37:49,799 --> 00:37:52,581 And some point, perhaps soon, 391 00:37:52,582 --> 00:37:54,829 she will be able to use the experience 392 00:37:54,830 --> 00:37:57,080 when raising her own young. 393 00:38:05,587 --> 00:38:08,170 The rainy season is closing in. 394 00:38:10,782 --> 00:38:12,400 Like beacons of fire, 395 00:38:12,401 --> 00:38:16,516 the torch lilies stretch upwards to the sky. 396 00:38:16,517 --> 00:38:19,733 Their flowery, often meter tall heads 397 00:38:19,734 --> 00:38:22,430 soon fill entire valleys. 398 00:38:27,448 --> 00:38:30,031 And this will not go unnoticed. 399 00:38:31,884 --> 00:38:33,294 For olive baboons, 400 00:38:33,295 --> 00:38:37,462 these are the most sought after delicacies of the season. 401 00:38:42,420 --> 00:38:44,313 They inspect every petal 402 00:38:44,314 --> 00:38:46,814 and suck out the sweet nectar. 403 00:38:55,691 --> 00:38:59,463 Before long, the baboons sport yellow mustaches. 404 00:39:04,125 --> 00:39:08,042 Pollen, which is transported to the next plant. 405 00:39:17,539 --> 00:39:20,024 No one in partaking in the sweet petals 406 00:39:20,025 --> 00:39:22,858 can escape the dust of the lilies. 407 00:39:26,718 --> 00:39:30,872 Elegantly, the sunbirds carry out their work. 408 00:39:30,873 --> 00:39:32,766 They form their tongue into a tube, 409 00:39:32,767 --> 00:39:35,479 through which they can suck the sugary nectar 410 00:39:35,480 --> 00:39:37,813 deep from inside the petals. 411 00:39:41,298 --> 00:39:44,126 The baboons have a more rustic approach. 412 00:39:44,127 --> 00:39:46,795 It's a miracle that the flexible flower heads 413 00:39:46,796 --> 00:39:48,727 don't snap off. 414 00:40:01,624 --> 00:40:05,616 Villagers are on the way to the high valley. 415 00:40:05,617 --> 00:40:09,549 These people are some of the earliest settlers in Ethiopia 416 00:40:09,550 --> 00:40:12,322 and their life as cattle herders and farmers 417 00:40:12,323 --> 00:40:15,987 is basically the same as it was hundred of years ago. 418 00:40:20,385 --> 00:40:23,357 The herd dictates the order of the day for the nomads 419 00:40:23,358 --> 00:40:24,941 on the lofty plain. 420 00:40:27,973 --> 00:40:31,392 The shepherds' dogs go with the small zebu cattle 421 00:40:31,393 --> 00:40:32,848 to the grazing meadows 422 00:40:32,849 --> 00:40:35,432 and protect them from leopards. 423 00:40:41,787 --> 00:40:43,089 There are many dogs. 424 00:40:43,090 --> 00:40:45,619 The scent for food increasingly drives them 425 00:40:45,620 --> 00:40:47,958 into the wolves' territory. 426 00:41:01,759 --> 00:41:04,259 Megeti warns the alpha female. 427 00:41:08,793 --> 00:41:12,576 The dog traverses their area almost every day. 428 00:41:12,577 --> 00:41:14,342 But this close to the den, 429 00:41:14,343 --> 00:41:16,593 he is a threat to the pups. 430 00:41:23,699 --> 00:41:26,699 Together, the confront the intruder. 431 00:41:31,871 --> 00:41:33,977 It is thanks to Megeti's courage 432 00:41:33,978 --> 00:41:36,239 that the dog is chased off. 433 00:41:42,004 --> 00:41:44,804 But Megeti goes a step further. 434 00:41:44,805 --> 00:41:45,926 Again and again 435 00:41:45,927 --> 00:41:49,170 she rolls around in the dog's feces. 436 00:41:55,482 --> 00:41:58,565 A ritual that will have consequences. 437 00:42:14,422 --> 00:42:16,553 For the thick billed raven, 438 00:42:16,554 --> 00:42:19,399 cattle herds are always of interest. 439 00:42:19,400 --> 00:42:22,036 Whether in flight or on a perch, 440 00:42:22,037 --> 00:42:26,593 they keep a close eye on the valley and its plains. 441 00:42:35,347 --> 00:42:37,969 The ravens are almost as large as geese 442 00:42:37,970 --> 00:42:41,387 and are only found in the horn of Africa. 443 00:42:42,715 --> 00:42:46,882 The birds have discovered the remains of a zebu cattle. 444 00:42:55,583 --> 00:42:58,815 But the ravens are dwarfed by the bearded vulture. 445 00:43:01,493 --> 00:43:03,846 It can stay air born for hours 446 00:43:03,847 --> 00:43:06,180 without a flap of its wings. 447 00:43:09,247 --> 00:43:11,985 For the birds, the canyons and their air currents 448 00:43:11,986 --> 00:43:13,653 are an ideal habitat 449 00:43:14,685 --> 00:43:16,062 and where there are cattle, 450 00:43:16,063 --> 00:43:19,063 its stable diet can be found, bones. 451 00:43:30,387 --> 00:43:32,314 With almost no persuasion, 452 00:43:32,315 --> 00:43:35,482 even the last raven gives up its find. 453 00:43:55,985 --> 00:43:59,060 The wolf pack is in good spirits. 454 00:43:59,061 --> 00:44:02,472 The pups have grown into fine young wolves, 455 00:44:02,473 --> 00:44:05,961 but the den is too small for them now. 456 00:44:15,441 --> 00:44:17,806 They are getting harder to control 457 00:44:17,807 --> 00:44:20,106 and venture further and further out 458 00:44:20,107 --> 00:44:21,440 onto the plains. 459 00:44:22,970 --> 00:44:27,146 Soon they will go on the patrols with the rest of the pack. 460 00:44:35,118 --> 00:44:38,701 Today, Megeti doesn't join in any battles of strength 461 00:44:38,702 --> 00:44:40,860 with the young wolves, 462 00:44:40,861 --> 00:44:44,103 she is restless and hesitant. 463 00:44:44,104 --> 00:44:47,854 Something drives her off, away from the pack. 464 00:44:56,133 --> 00:44:59,196 She goes hunting to the most distant levels 465 00:44:59,197 --> 00:45:00,780 of the lofty plain. 466 00:45:05,025 --> 00:45:08,515 The young mole rat is not paying attention 467 00:45:08,516 --> 00:45:10,608 and should be easy prey, 468 00:45:10,609 --> 00:45:13,609 but Megeti skids at the final moment 469 00:45:14,964 --> 00:45:18,714 and the rodent disappears into its Labyrinth. 470 00:45:21,646 --> 00:45:25,201 This has been happening for days. 471 00:45:31,005 --> 00:45:35,236 The wolf can no longer coordinate her behavior, 472 00:45:35,237 --> 00:45:38,788 her muscles contract and twitch permanently, 473 00:45:38,789 --> 00:45:42,975 and her usually steady gait gives way to trembling. 474 00:45:58,320 --> 00:45:59,396 A new attempt. 475 00:46:06,121 --> 00:46:09,788 This time, the mole rat is only a leap away. 476 00:46:15,482 --> 00:46:16,732 Too late again. 477 00:46:21,082 --> 00:46:23,946 She is no longer master of her own legs. 478 00:46:23,947 --> 00:46:26,197 Even walking is a struggle. 479 00:46:33,939 --> 00:46:35,896 It is although an alien force 480 00:46:35,897 --> 00:46:37,897 has taken over her body. 481 00:46:50,287 --> 00:46:52,780 Despite being surrounded by prey, 482 00:46:52,781 --> 00:46:55,781 she is unable to satisfy her hunger. 483 00:47:00,415 --> 00:47:03,498 Megeti is getting weaker by the hour. 484 00:47:05,581 --> 00:47:06,914 She is very ill. 485 00:47:07,779 --> 00:47:09,911 With the arrival of the humans, 486 00:47:09,912 --> 00:47:13,605 a treacherous disease was brought to the highlands, 487 00:47:13,606 --> 00:47:15,023 canine distemper. 488 00:47:18,578 --> 00:47:21,740 The virus is what rendered Megeti an orphan, 489 00:47:21,741 --> 00:47:24,222 it annihilated herb entire pack. 490 00:47:24,223 --> 00:47:27,556 It was a miracle that she even survived. 491 00:47:35,065 --> 00:47:37,898 But now death rears its ugly head. 492 00:47:46,747 --> 00:47:48,099 She was probably infected 493 00:47:48,100 --> 00:47:50,680 by rolling in the dog feces. 494 00:47:50,681 --> 00:47:53,734 Highland wolves are at the mercy of the disease. 495 00:47:53,735 --> 00:47:55,235 Once they are infected, 496 00:47:55,236 --> 00:47:59,404 the virus easily takes hold of the animal. 497 00:48:04,999 --> 00:48:08,157 With the humans, their cattle and dogs, 498 00:48:08,158 --> 00:48:10,999 the deadly virus has also found its way 499 00:48:11,000 --> 00:48:12,917 into Megeti's new pack. 500 00:48:16,399 --> 00:48:19,457 Megeti had no predators to fear, 501 00:48:19,458 --> 00:48:21,289 no one was hunting her. 502 00:48:21,290 --> 00:48:25,687 No one had shot her prey or destroyed her habitat. 503 00:48:25,688 --> 00:48:28,271 Yet still she has not survived. 504 00:48:34,804 --> 00:48:36,686 The Ethiopian wolves 505 00:48:36,687 --> 00:48:40,466 once retreated to this land above the clouds, 506 00:48:40,467 --> 00:48:44,106 now reality has arrived here, too. 507 00:48:44,107 --> 00:48:47,921 Less than 500 wolves are left roaming the high plains 508 00:48:47,922 --> 00:48:49,755 of the horn of Africa. 509 00:48:51,906 --> 00:48:53,762 No one knows if they too 510 00:48:53,763 --> 00:48:56,846 will be infected by distemper on day. 511 00:49:06,034 --> 00:49:10,034 There is no survival guarantee for these wolves. 512 00:49:17,346 --> 00:49:20,898 The future of the Ethiopian wolf hangs by a thread. 513 00:49:25,281 --> 00:49:27,987 And the wondrous world of the highlands 514 00:49:27,988 --> 00:49:31,071 would be a poorer place without them. 38754

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