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1
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Day is breaking
over the Salisbury Plain.
2
00:00:06,674 --> 00:00:09,808
We're about 75 miles
west of London.
3
00:00:09,810 --> 00:00:12,010
It's very early,
and it's very cold,
4
00:00:12,012 --> 00:00:14,680
but I for one certainly don't
mind being up because today
5
00:00:14,682 --> 00:00:17,149
I've been given a very rare
permission to hike up here
6
00:00:17,151 --> 00:00:21,987
before anybody else
and to walk among giants.
7
00:00:21,989 --> 00:00:31,997
♪♪
8
00:00:31,999 --> 00:00:38,170
♪♪
9
00:00:38,172 --> 00:00:41,840
Stonehenge,
just the name is iconic.
10
00:00:41,842 --> 00:00:44,109
They're 13 or 14 feet tall.
11
00:00:44,111 --> 00:00:45,544
They're 7 feet wide.
12
00:00:45,546 --> 00:00:48,347
They weigh 25 tons each.
13
00:00:48,349 --> 00:00:51,483
And, you know, whole generations
of people are going to be born
14
00:00:51,485 --> 00:00:52,818
and live and die,
15
00:00:52,820 --> 00:00:55,454
and yet, these stones
will still be here.
16
00:00:55,456 --> 00:00:58,724
They are a monument
to time, and yet,
17
00:00:58,726 --> 00:01:00,959
we still don't fully understand
18
00:01:00,961 --> 00:01:03,162
the mysteries of Stonehenge,
19
00:01:03,164 --> 00:01:08,133
who built them, and why,
but I'm here to find out.
20
00:01:08,135 --> 00:01:16,742
♪♪
21
00:01:16,744 --> 00:01:21,346
Stonehenge, myth and legend have
always surround its origins.
22
00:01:21,348 --> 00:01:23,549
It's been called both
a healing site
23
00:01:23,551 --> 00:01:27,519
and a place of human sacrifice.
24
00:01:27,521 --> 00:01:31,190
Was it a calendar
or a stellar observatory?
25
00:01:31,192 --> 00:01:33,725
Its construction has been
attributed to druids,
26
00:01:33,727 --> 00:01:36,762
the wizard Merlin,
and even aliens.
27
00:01:36,764 --> 00:01:39,565
♪♪
28
00:01:39,567 --> 00:01:42,501
For centuries, historians
have fiercely debated
29
00:01:42,503 --> 00:01:44,803
the site's true purpose,
30
00:01:44,805 --> 00:01:46,672
but now,
for the first time ever,
31
00:01:46,674 --> 00:01:49,475
they're coming close
to solving the enigma.
32
00:01:49,477 --> 00:01:52,644
Cutting-edge technology
is revealing secret markings
33
00:01:52,646 --> 00:01:54,546
etched into the stones.
34
00:01:54,548 --> 00:01:58,083
Nearby, the revelation
of other hidden monuments
35
00:01:58,085 --> 00:02:01,220
is rewriting everything
we thought we knew.
36
00:02:01,222 --> 00:02:03,856
And a stunning discovery
in the most remote reaches
37
00:02:03,858 --> 00:02:06,291
of Great Britain
may finally reveal
38
00:02:06,293 --> 00:02:08,627
where the idea
for Stonehenge came from
39
00:02:08,629 --> 00:02:11,830
and expose the identity of
those who built it.
40
00:02:11,832 --> 00:02:13,866
♪♪
41
00:02:13,868 --> 00:02:15,634
So get ready to join
an expedition
42
00:02:15,636 --> 00:02:18,270
to tackle the ultimate
ancient mystery,
43
00:02:18,272 --> 00:02:20,973
solving the riddle
of Stonehenge.
44
00:02:20,975 --> 00:02:26,245
♪♪
45
00:02:26,247 --> 00:02:27,880
My name is Josh Gates.
46
00:02:27,882 --> 00:02:30,082
Whoa.
47
00:02:30,084 --> 00:02:33,986
With a degree in archaeology
and a passion for exploration,
48
00:02:33,988 --> 00:02:38,190
I have a tendency to end up
in some very strange situations.
49
00:02:38,192 --> 00:02:40,459
It's just straight down.
50
00:02:40,461 --> 00:02:42,160
Unbelievable.
51
00:02:42,162 --> 00:02:44,530
My travels have taken me
to the ends of the Earth...
52
00:02:44,532 --> 00:02:45,797
Oh, God!
53
00:02:45,799 --> 00:02:48,100
...as I investigate
the greatest legends in history.
54
00:02:48,102 --> 00:02:49,701
[ Filtered voice ]
We're good to fly. Let's go.
55
00:02:49,703 --> 00:02:52,738
This is "Expedition Unknown."
56
00:02:52,740 --> 00:02:55,741
♪♪
57
00:02:55,743 --> 00:02:58,443
To kickoff my investigation
into Stonehenge,
58
00:02:58,445 --> 00:03:02,147
I began in the surrounding area
of Wiltshire County, England.
59
00:03:02,149 --> 00:03:03,949
These are some of the most
charming towns
60
00:03:03,951 --> 00:03:05,617
to ever thatch your roof.
61
00:03:05,619 --> 00:03:09,821
And in case the cafés, hotels,
and the bars don't tip you off,
62
00:03:09,823 --> 00:03:13,425
folks around here are in
the Stonehenge business.
63
00:03:13,427 --> 00:03:15,093
One shop,
catering to the crystal
64
00:03:15,095 --> 00:03:16,495
and tree-worshipping set,
65
00:03:16,497 --> 00:03:18,830
appears to have been
built for hobbits.
66
00:03:18,832 --> 00:03:22,200
I'm officially too tall
for this shop.
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00:03:22,202 --> 00:03:25,571
Here, you can find a small rock
to set any mood.
68
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Red Tiger's Eye said
to be a stimulating stone.
69
00:03:29,610 --> 00:03:30,776
You know what that means?
70
00:03:30,778 --> 00:03:34,179
Hard as a rock.
71
00:03:34,181 --> 00:03:36,281
The new age shop is just
one sign of the...
72
00:03:36,283 --> 00:03:38,784
[ clears throat ]
...eclectic crowd
73
00:03:38,786 --> 00:03:41,219
that the Stonehenge area
seems to attract,
74
00:03:41,221 --> 00:03:43,589
but it seems that everyone
has a different opinion
75
00:03:43,591 --> 00:03:48,260
about where the town's main
tourist attraction came from.
76
00:03:48,262 --> 00:03:51,530
It was, like, a meteorite,
and it just blew up and went.
77
00:03:51,532 --> 00:03:52,831
[ Laughs ]
78
00:03:52,833 --> 00:03:54,733
Like a big massive time clock.
79
00:03:54,735 --> 00:03:55,968
-Yeah.
-Big massive time clock.
80
00:03:55,970 --> 00:03:57,336
Mm.
81
00:03:57,338 --> 00:04:00,639
The people who built Stonehenge
act like a logical analog
82
00:04:00,641 --> 00:04:03,108
of Lewis Carroll's Rabbit
Hole in the mirror.
83
00:04:03,110 --> 00:04:04,443
How did you go through a mirror
84
00:04:04,445 --> 00:04:07,346
when the silvering
is on the back?
85
00:04:07,348 --> 00:04:10,716
Big party out there,
lots of roast hog.
86
00:04:10,718 --> 00:04:12,351
Clue me in.
Who built Stonehenge?
87
00:04:12,353 --> 00:04:14,653
Extraterrestrials that
the ancient Britains
88
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worshipped as gods,
basically.
89
00:04:16,590 --> 00:04:17,789
That settles that.
90
00:04:17,791 --> 00:04:20,258
I'm also admiring
this staff here.
91
00:04:20,260 --> 00:04:22,661
If you hold him like that
on the ground --
You want me to hold this?
92
00:04:22,663 --> 00:04:24,129
I'd love you to if you can.
93
00:04:24,131 --> 00:04:26,965
-Okay.
-How do you feel holding him?
94
00:04:26,967 --> 00:04:28,200
Uncomfortable.
95
00:04:28,202 --> 00:04:29,301
Ooh, dear.
96
00:04:29,303 --> 00:04:32,904
♪♪
97
00:04:32,906 --> 00:04:34,039
GATES:
Though these guys definitely
98
00:04:34,041 --> 00:04:35,841
have some interesting ideas,
99
00:04:35,843 --> 00:04:38,377
I'm eager to hear
what the experts have to say
100
00:04:38,379 --> 00:04:42,814
about why Stonehenge was built.
101
00:04:42,816 --> 00:04:44,750
And to do that,
I'm joining forces
102
00:04:44,752 --> 00:04:46,785
with an all-star team
of scholars
103
00:04:46,787 --> 00:04:49,488
back at the site.
104
00:04:49,490 --> 00:04:51,490
-Hello. Josh.
-Hi, Josh. I'm Mike.
105
00:04:51,492 --> 00:04:52,658
-Mike, nice to meet you.
-Hi, I'm Susan.
106
00:04:52,660 --> 00:04:53,692
-Susan.
-I'm Rupert.
107
00:04:53,694 --> 00:04:55,293
Rupert, pleasure.
108
00:04:55,295 --> 00:04:57,496
Mike Parker Pearson
is a leading expert
109
00:04:57,498 --> 00:04:59,731
in the archaeology
of Stonehenge,
110
00:04:59,733 --> 00:05:02,801
and his recent findings
are the reason I'm here,
111
00:05:02,803 --> 00:05:06,171
but first, I ask him
for a bit of Stonehenge 101.
112
00:05:06,173 --> 00:05:08,507
So what is a henge?
It's not the stones, right?
113
00:05:08,509 --> 00:05:11,043
No. A henge is actually
an earthen enclosure
114
00:05:11,045 --> 00:05:12,544
with a ditch and a bank.
115
00:05:12,546 --> 00:05:14,946
So if these stones weren't here,
this would still be a henge?
116
00:05:14,948 --> 00:05:16,815
It's still a henge
because there is a bank
117
00:05:16,817 --> 00:05:18,617
and ditch outside of it.
118
00:05:18,619 --> 00:05:20,118
GATES:
So that's one mystery solved.
119
00:05:20,120 --> 00:05:22,087
Stonehenge isn't just a name.
120
00:05:22,089 --> 00:05:24,089
It's a description
of a stone circle
121
00:05:24,091 --> 00:05:27,092
inside a henge that
ancient peoples managed to plan
122
00:05:27,094 --> 00:05:28,827
and construct in stages
123
00:05:28,829 --> 00:05:31,363
between 4,000
and 5,000 years ago.
124
00:05:31,365 --> 00:05:33,365
Historian Susan Greaney
has studied
125
00:05:33,367 --> 00:05:34,633
how they might have done it.
126
00:05:34,635 --> 00:05:36,601
The smaller stones you can
see around us here,
127
00:05:36,603 --> 00:05:38,203
these have been brought
from Southwest Wales.
128
00:05:38,205 --> 00:05:39,571
It's about 180 miles away,
129
00:05:39,573 --> 00:05:41,773
and we think they've been
brought by the sea,
130
00:05:41,775 --> 00:05:43,842
by boats and then
over land to Stonehenge.
131
00:05:43,844 --> 00:05:45,844
That's crazy.
132
00:05:45,846 --> 00:05:47,279
Considering the complexity
133
00:05:47,281 --> 00:05:49,214
and the difficult
of the engineering,
134
00:05:49,216 --> 00:05:51,850
do you think there was
some centralized power
135
00:05:51,852 --> 00:05:52,951
conducting this?
136
00:05:52,953 --> 00:05:54,252
I think there has to be.
137
00:05:54,254 --> 00:05:55,887
This is a work of genius.
138
00:05:55,889 --> 00:05:57,956
There is so much thought
that has gone into
139
00:05:57,958 --> 00:05:59,825
every single bit of it.
140
00:05:59,827 --> 00:06:02,594
The evidence we have is
that this may well
141
00:06:02,596 --> 00:06:04,863
have been a moment of cohesion
142
00:06:04,865 --> 00:06:07,132
where people are bringing
autonomous groups
143
00:06:07,134 --> 00:06:11,369
together to all act
in synchrony.
144
00:06:11,371 --> 00:06:13,505
GATES: Mike tells me that
5 millennia ago,
145
00:06:13,507 --> 00:06:16,341
Britain was populated by
disparate groups of people
146
00:06:16,343 --> 00:06:18,677
who were finally making
the transition from hunting
147
00:06:18,679 --> 00:06:20,645
and gathering to farming.
148
00:06:20,647 --> 00:06:22,848
These weren't rouged druids
like Spinal Tap
149
00:06:22,850 --> 00:06:24,182
would have you believe.
150
00:06:24,184 --> 00:06:27,185
Druids didn't even exist
until thousands of years later.
151
00:06:27,187 --> 00:06:29,588
No. These were surprisingly
advanced Stone Age
152
00:06:29,590 --> 00:06:31,590
or Neolithic people
153
00:06:31,592 --> 00:06:34,826
who started working together
on this massive project,
154
00:06:34,828 --> 00:06:38,363
but its biggest mystery remains.
155
00:06:38,365 --> 00:06:40,132
What the hell is it for?
156
00:06:40,134 --> 00:06:43,268
For decades, many focused
on the site's entrance.
157
00:06:43,270 --> 00:06:46,304
It's aligned with the rising sun
on the summer solstice.
158
00:06:46,306 --> 00:06:49,608
So many believe it was intended
as an astronomical worship
159
00:06:49,610 --> 00:06:51,276
or a celebration site,
160
00:06:51,278 --> 00:06:54,379
but recently an investigation
turned up a macabre
161
00:06:54,381 --> 00:06:59,117
find that began to change
the accepted view of Stonehenge.
162
00:06:59,119 --> 00:07:03,955
When we dug here, what we found
was human remains.
163
00:07:03,957 --> 00:07:06,158
That was just a fraction
of the number of people
164
00:07:06,160 --> 00:07:07,559
who were buried here.
165
00:07:07,561 --> 00:07:09,694
This place was full of
166
00:07:09,696 --> 00:07:11,296
the cremated remains of
the dead.
167
00:07:11,298 --> 00:07:15,934
It is basically the largest
cemetery within Britain
168
00:07:15,936 --> 00:07:20,071
for the whole of
the 3rd millennium B.C.
169
00:07:20,073 --> 00:07:21,673
Incredible.
170
00:07:21,675 --> 00:07:25,410
So Stonehenge was much more than
some ancient stargazing site.
171
00:07:25,412 --> 00:07:28,180
It also appears to be
a massive graveyard.
172
00:07:28,182 --> 00:07:31,449
The connection between the two
functions has remained elusive,
173
00:07:31,451 --> 00:07:34,152
but in recent years,
the magic of technology
174
00:07:34,154 --> 00:07:36,588
has helped experts
crack the code.
175
00:07:36,590 --> 00:07:38,790
English Heritage,
which maintains the site,
176
00:07:38,792 --> 00:07:40,992
has been working on
the most detailed scans
177
00:07:40,994 --> 00:07:43,128
of the monument ever conducted.
178
00:07:43,130 --> 00:07:45,697
The team behind the tech
is here today.
179
00:07:45,699 --> 00:07:48,099
-This is Steven and Antonio.
-Hey, Steven.
180
00:07:48,101 --> 00:07:49,201
Hi. Antonio, nice to meet you.
181
00:07:49,203 --> 00:07:50,402
-Josh.
-Hi, Antonio.
182
00:07:50,404 --> 00:07:52,170
How are you?
Pleasure to meet you.
183
00:07:52,172 --> 00:07:53,805
They've been using 3D scanners
184
00:07:53,807 --> 00:07:55,841
that showers the area
with lasers,
185
00:07:55,843 --> 00:07:58,810
mapping and measuring
every detail of the landscape
186
00:07:58,812 --> 00:08:00,979
down to fractions
of a millimeter.
187
00:08:00,981 --> 00:08:03,381
Some are mounted on tripods,
but others,
188
00:08:03,383 --> 00:08:05,450
like the Leica Pegasus Backpack,
189
00:08:05,452 --> 00:08:07,986
are a bit more mobile.
190
00:08:07,988 --> 00:08:09,254
That's a Dalek from
"Doctor Who," correct?
191
00:08:09,256 --> 00:08:11,256
-Correct, yes.
Wearable Dalek.
192
00:08:11,258 --> 00:08:13,592
-What is this thing?
-It's a mobile mapping unit.
193
00:08:13,594 --> 00:08:15,594
-Do you want to have a go?
-Oh, for sure. I'd love to.
194
00:08:15,596 --> 00:08:18,230
Okay.
This is the coolest backpack
I have ever seen.
195
00:08:18,232 --> 00:08:20,632
So if I were to break this,
what is the value of this thing
196
00:08:20,634 --> 00:08:24,069
I'm wearing?
-It's about $200,000.
197
00:08:24,071 --> 00:08:25,871
Wait, it sounded a lot
like you said $200,000.
198
00:08:25,873 --> 00:08:27,272
I did, indeed.
199
00:08:27,274 --> 00:08:28,807
This is literally worth more
than everything that I own.
200
00:08:28,809 --> 00:08:32,878
[ Laughs ]
201
00:08:32,880 --> 00:08:34,045
GATES: I walk through
the monument
202
00:08:34,047 --> 00:08:35,480
with a laser scanner.
203
00:08:35,482 --> 00:08:38,016
Talk about doing work on the go.
204
00:08:38,018 --> 00:08:40,785
This thing has 32 individual
lasers on board
205
00:08:40,787 --> 00:08:42,487
that are capable of capturing
206
00:08:42,489 --> 00:08:46,024
500,000 data points
every second.
207
00:08:46,026 --> 00:08:48,727
And the on-board cameras are
able to see every single time
208
00:08:48,729 --> 00:08:52,731
I take a step, generating
25 MGs of data every meter
209
00:08:52,733 --> 00:08:54,199
that I walk forward.
210
00:08:54,201 --> 00:08:57,469
In other words, this thing is
able to see everything.
211
00:08:57,471 --> 00:08:59,437
In the most recent
rounds of scans,
212
00:08:59,439 --> 00:09:01,606
English Heritage
generated an incredible
213
00:09:01,608 --> 00:09:04,009
850 gigabytes of data,
214
00:09:04,011 --> 00:09:06,511
which has started to settle
long-simmering debates
215
00:09:06,513 --> 00:09:09,648
about the site's
original function.
216
00:09:09,650 --> 00:09:12,083
So the scan showed us that
particularly in this direction
217
00:09:12,085 --> 00:09:13,919
where the sun sets
in midwinter.
218
00:09:13,921 --> 00:09:15,487
Yet along
the solstice alignment,
219
00:09:15,489 --> 00:09:17,489
the stones were shaped
much more carefully
220
00:09:17,491 --> 00:09:19,291
than some of the other stones.
221
00:09:19,293 --> 00:09:20,759
GATES: The scans reveal that
special care
222
00:09:20,761 --> 00:09:22,494
was used in constructing
223
00:09:22,496 --> 00:09:25,497
and refining
a specific viewing alignment,
224
00:09:25,499 --> 00:09:27,999
not just the summer solstice,
225
00:09:28,001 --> 00:09:30,468
but in fact completely
the opposite.
226
00:09:30,470 --> 00:09:34,005
Stonehenge seems to instead have
been built to channel the sunset
227
00:09:34,007 --> 00:09:36,141
on the shortest day of the year.
228
00:09:36,143 --> 00:09:39,978
We've all been thinking about
the midsummer sunrise,
229
00:09:39,980 --> 00:09:41,079
but it now looks as though
230
00:09:41,081 --> 00:09:43,949
the most important
direction of sight
231
00:09:43,951 --> 00:09:49,154
is through that gap,
towards the midwinter sunset.
232
00:09:49,156 --> 00:09:52,424
♪♪
233
00:09:52,426 --> 00:09:54,859
GATES: Far from being an alter
to worship the gods
234
00:09:54,861 --> 00:09:57,228
who brought the light
and warmth of summer,
235
00:09:57,230 --> 00:09:59,331
Stonehenge appears
to have been made
236
00:09:59,333 --> 00:10:03,401
for the dark cold
of an English winter.
237
00:10:03,403 --> 00:10:05,570
And that's not all
the data has shown.
238
00:10:05,572 --> 00:10:07,672
One of the things
the laser scanner also shows us
239
00:10:07,674 --> 00:10:09,741
is the detail
of the dressing of the stones.
240
00:10:09,743 --> 00:10:11,810
And when I say dressing,
what we mean is the way
241
00:10:11,812 --> 00:10:12,911
that the stones were worked
242
00:10:12,913 --> 00:10:15,080
and they were shaped
using hammerstone.
243
00:10:15,082 --> 00:10:17,582
You can see here
these mushroom shapes.
244
00:10:17,584 --> 00:10:19,217
So these are all Xs.
245
00:10:19,219 --> 00:10:22,387
Look at that.
That is spectacular.
246
00:10:22,389 --> 00:10:26,391
The amazing detail uncovered
72 never-before-seen symbols
247
00:10:26,393 --> 00:10:27,959
carved into the stones.
248
00:10:27,961 --> 00:10:29,494
-Oh, here.
-That's right.
249
00:10:29,496 --> 00:10:31,796
GATES: Though more recent than
the original construction,
250
00:10:31,798 --> 00:10:34,699
the carvings here serve
as a sort of nail in the coffin
251
00:10:34,701 --> 00:10:38,169
for what Stonehenge
was really for.
252
00:10:38,171 --> 00:10:42,607
We only find carved Xs on slabs
associated with burials.
253
00:10:42,609 --> 00:10:44,809
♪♪
254
00:10:44,811 --> 00:10:47,312
GATES: This, along with
the winter solstice alignment,
255
00:10:47,314 --> 00:10:51,016
supports Mike's theory that
Stonehenge was actually built
256
00:10:51,018 --> 00:10:53,551
as a monument to the ancestors,
257
00:10:53,553 --> 00:10:57,088
a so-called land of the dead.
258
00:10:57,090 --> 00:10:59,791
In and of itself, this is
a bombshell revelation
259
00:10:59,793 --> 00:11:02,494
for a site once thought to be
a simple calendar
260
00:11:02,496 --> 00:11:05,930
or a place of celebrations,
but the question remains.
261
00:11:05,932 --> 00:11:09,067
Why was Stonehenge built
in this particular spot?
262
00:11:09,069 --> 00:11:11,202
What makes this place special?
263
00:11:11,204 --> 00:11:13,371
Mike leads me outside
the stone circle
264
00:11:13,373 --> 00:11:15,940
to reveal another amazing find.
265
00:11:15,942 --> 00:11:19,444
Do you notice anything
weird out here?
266
00:11:19,446 --> 00:11:21,613
Well, you've got this kind
of ditch mound here.
267
00:11:21,615 --> 00:11:25,617
That's it. These banks
are natural landforms.
268
00:11:25,619 --> 00:11:27,118
GATES: The natural formation
that was here
269
00:11:27,120 --> 00:11:30,488
sits in an alignment
with the stars and sun above.
270
00:11:30,490 --> 00:11:32,190
To the builders of Stonehenge,
271
00:11:32,192 --> 00:11:35,226
this made for the perfect spot
to erect their monument.
272
00:11:35,228 --> 00:11:38,129
What they did when they built
Stonehenge was to embellish
273
00:11:38,131 --> 00:11:39,330
this natural feature
274
00:11:39,332 --> 00:11:42,367
that matches the movement
of the heavens.
275
00:11:42,369 --> 00:11:46,538
This may have been the center
of their cosmos.
276
00:11:46,540 --> 00:11:47,872
Does it lead anywhere?
277
00:11:47,874 --> 00:11:49,674
Down to the valley,
over that ridge.
278
00:11:49,676 --> 00:11:52,410
There, we found another henge,
279
00:11:52,412 --> 00:11:55,680
which has come to be
known as Superhenge.
280
00:11:55,682 --> 00:11:58,283
GATES: I'm sorry.
Did he just say Superhenge?
281
00:11:58,285 --> 00:12:01,753
♪♪
282
00:12:05,825 --> 00:12:07,158
GATES:
I'm on a quest to discover
283
00:12:07,160 --> 00:12:09,293
the meaning of Stonehenge,
284
00:12:09,295 --> 00:12:11,262
and I've just learned
that the site was actually
285
00:12:11,264 --> 00:12:13,464
a massive burial area.
286
00:12:13,466 --> 00:12:15,433
Now, archaeologist
Mike Parker Pearson
287
00:12:15,435 --> 00:12:17,535
is leading me away
from the site
288
00:12:17,537 --> 00:12:19,203
along a secret avenue
289
00:12:19,205 --> 00:12:21,973
that points to
another hidden henge.
290
00:12:21,975 --> 00:12:25,176
Josh, this is Superhenge.
291
00:12:25,178 --> 00:12:26,377
Look at that.
292
00:12:26,379 --> 00:12:29,714
It's massive.
293
00:12:29,716 --> 00:12:33,351
Yes. It is the largest henge
in the world.
294
00:12:33,353 --> 00:12:34,919
Incredible.
295
00:12:34,921 --> 00:12:38,055
GATES: Nearly two miles away,
northeast of Stonehenge,
296
00:12:38,057 --> 00:12:40,858
is an enormous bank
and ditch construction.
297
00:12:40,860 --> 00:12:43,094
With walls nearly 10 feet tall
298
00:12:43,096 --> 00:12:46,164
and a diameter
of 1,600 feet across,
299
00:12:46,166 --> 00:12:47,498
it's more than five times
300
00:12:47,500 --> 00:12:51,002
the size of the Earthworks
at Stonehenge.
301
00:12:51,004 --> 00:12:53,304
But what I do not see
are any stones.
302
00:12:53,306 --> 00:12:57,175
Yeah. This is
all about timber.
303
00:12:57,177 --> 00:13:00,244
GATES: Archaeologists here
discovered a timber circle,
304
00:13:00,246 --> 00:13:03,481
then another, then a third.
305
00:13:03,483 --> 00:13:06,584
And then this last year,
we discovered
306
00:13:06,586 --> 00:13:09,120
that the whole thing
was surrounded
307
00:13:09,122 --> 00:13:11,722
by a giant timber circle.
308
00:13:11,724 --> 00:13:14,225
Wow.
309
00:13:14,227 --> 00:13:16,861
1,200 feet in diameter,
310
00:13:16,863 --> 00:13:20,898
probably more than
300 giant posts,
311
00:13:20,900 --> 00:13:23,034
posts the size of totem poles.
312
00:13:23,036 --> 00:13:26,137
That is extraordinary.
313
00:13:26,139 --> 00:13:28,139
The wood posts may be long gone,
314
00:13:28,141 --> 00:13:30,842
but excavations inside
this massive henge
315
00:13:30,844 --> 00:13:33,077
have unearthed proof
that the site wasn't
316
00:13:33,079 --> 00:13:38,216
just for rituals
or burials like Stonehenge.
317
00:13:38,218 --> 00:13:41,552
They were surrounded
by houses.
318
00:13:41,554 --> 00:13:45,590
This is where people were living
in their thousands.
319
00:13:45,592 --> 00:13:48,793
So these are the people that
are constructing Stonehenge?
320
00:13:48,795 --> 00:13:50,161
Yes.
321
00:13:50,163 --> 00:13:55,066
Linking natural landforms
with these great monuments,
322
00:13:55,068 --> 00:13:56,634
but to understand it best,
323
00:13:56,636 --> 00:13:58,603
you've really got to see it
from the air.
324
00:13:58,605 --> 00:14:00,404
From the air?
325
00:14:00,406 --> 00:14:09,313
♪♪
326
00:14:09,315 --> 00:14:12,216
To show me the super side
of Superhenge,
327
00:14:12,218 --> 00:14:14,418
Mike takes me
to a nearby airfield
328
00:14:14,420 --> 00:14:16,020
where a helicopter awaits.
329
00:14:16,022 --> 00:14:20,658
♪♪
330
00:14:20,660 --> 00:14:23,828
Once we get airborne,
we arrive over Superhenge.
331
00:14:23,830 --> 00:14:26,864
The scale of the construction
finally hits home.
332
00:14:43,850 --> 00:14:46,784
From Superhenge,
we fly on to Silbury Hill,
333
00:14:46,786 --> 00:14:50,655
the tallest man-made
mound in Europe.
334
00:14:50,657 --> 00:14:53,824
Finally, we come upon the site
that Mike is most excited
335
00:14:53,826 --> 00:14:56,327
about showing me.
336
00:15:10,944 --> 00:15:12,476
This is the town of Avebury,
337
00:15:12,478 --> 00:15:15,913
which sits inside the longest
stone circle in the world,
338
00:15:15,915 --> 00:15:18,716
16 times bigger than Stonehenge.
339
00:15:18,718 --> 00:15:20,685
It originally had
98 Sarsen slabs
340
00:15:20,687 --> 00:15:23,187
running around the edge.
341
00:15:39,739 --> 00:15:43,274
Stonehenge, a site that we think
of as being without equal,
342
00:15:43,276 --> 00:15:45,843
is actually part of
a much larger network
343
00:15:45,845 --> 00:15:47,478
of circular monuments.
344
00:15:47,480 --> 00:15:50,281
There is the bank and ditch
in nearby Superhenge
345
00:15:50,283 --> 00:15:55,119
and a larger stone
circle at Avebury.
346
00:15:55,121 --> 00:15:58,222
So the question is, where did
the idea for these henges
347
00:15:58,224 --> 00:16:01,926
and stone circles originate?
348
00:16:01,928 --> 00:16:03,394
Answering this question
will mean
349
00:16:03,396 --> 00:16:07,999
taking a journey back in time.
350
00:16:08,001 --> 00:16:11,502
To get there, I'm riding in my
own piece of English history.
351
00:16:11,504 --> 00:16:19,110
♪♪
352
00:16:19,112 --> 00:16:21,112
To learn more about
the mysteries of Stonehenge
353
00:16:21,114 --> 00:16:22,580
as well as the people
who built it,
354
00:16:22,582 --> 00:16:24,348
I'm traveling to
meet archaeologists
355
00:16:24,350 --> 00:16:26,083
working in a much lesser known,
356
00:16:26,085 --> 00:16:30,488
but equally mysterious site
known as Bryn Celli Ddu.
357
00:16:30,490 --> 00:16:32,690
And to reach them,
I'm traveling about 5 hours west
358
00:16:32,692 --> 00:16:34,859
out of England and into Wales.
359
00:16:34,861 --> 00:16:41,265
♪♪
360
00:16:41,267 --> 00:16:44,702
From majestic castles
to quaint village streets,
361
00:16:44,704 --> 00:16:46,537
it's easy to see why
this region is said
362
00:16:46,539 --> 00:16:48,139
to have inspired Lewis Carroll
363
00:16:48,141 --> 00:16:50,574
to dream up
"Alice in Wonderland."
364
00:16:50,576 --> 00:16:53,344
It's littered with
beautiful sights and signs,
365
00:16:53,346 --> 00:16:57,815
both short and really long.
366
00:16:57,817 --> 00:17:00,418
It might even push
the Mad Hatter over the edge.
367
00:17:00,420 --> 00:17:02,153
What do you think the Welsh
National Spelling Bee
368
00:17:02,155 --> 00:17:03,587
looks like?
369
00:17:03,589 --> 00:17:08,926
♪♪
370
00:17:08,928 --> 00:17:10,528
Soon after crossing
onto the island
371
00:17:10,530 --> 00:17:12,263
of Anglesey in North Wales,
372
00:17:12,265 --> 00:17:14,598
I finally reach the site
I'm looking for.
373
00:17:14,600 --> 00:17:18,436
♪♪
374
00:17:18,438 --> 00:17:21,405
The ancient passage tomb
of Bryn Celli Ddu
375
00:17:21,407 --> 00:17:25,142
and archaeologist
Seren Griffiths.
376
00:17:25,144 --> 00:17:27,044
-Hello. I'm Josh.
-Nice to meet you.
377
00:17:27,046 --> 00:17:29,180
How are you doing?
Nice to meet you, too.
I'm doing great.
378
00:17:29,182 --> 00:17:32,583
This, I'm assuming,
is the site.
379
00:17:32,585 --> 00:17:34,618
This is the site.
This is Bryn Celli Ddu.
380
00:17:34,620 --> 00:17:37,288
It's really beautiful.
It's obviously a tomb.
381
00:17:37,290 --> 00:17:38,422
-Uh-huh.
-Yeah.
382
00:17:38,424 --> 00:17:39,457
And so what are you
investigating here?
383
00:17:39,459 --> 00:17:40,891
What are you trying
to figure out?
384
00:17:40,893 --> 00:17:44,328
Prior to the passage tomb, there
was a stone circle within it.
385
00:17:44,330 --> 00:17:46,697
And the big research
question is,
386
00:17:46,699 --> 00:17:51,302
whether the earliest phase of it
composes a henge monument.
387
00:17:51,304 --> 00:17:53,537
And if it is a henge,
why is that significant?
388
00:17:53,539 --> 00:17:56,607
Because that would have been
about 500 years
389
00:17:56,609 --> 00:17:58,042
earlier than Stonehenge.
390
00:17:58,044 --> 00:18:00,277
Incredible.
391
00:18:00,279 --> 00:18:03,781
If this is a henge, it will be
much older than Stonehenge
392
00:18:03,783 --> 00:18:05,516
and offer potential insight
393
00:18:05,518 --> 00:18:08,486
into the origins
of the world famous landmark,
394
00:18:08,488 --> 00:18:11,188
but to unlock the secrets
of Bryn Celli Ddu,
395
00:18:11,190 --> 00:18:15,426
Seren tells me we need
a different point of view.
396
00:18:15,428 --> 00:18:17,027
Mythic entrance.
397
00:18:17,029 --> 00:18:22,800
♪♪
398
00:18:22,802 --> 00:18:26,904
This is awesome.
399
00:18:26,906 --> 00:18:28,339
-So on the solstice --
-Mm-hmm.
400
00:18:28,341 --> 00:18:29,874
...the sun would have come
right through here
401
00:18:29,876 --> 00:18:33,744
and shined on this back wall.
-Yeah.
402
00:18:33,746 --> 00:18:35,079
That's outstanding.
403
00:18:35,081 --> 00:18:38,048
And so to your mind,
what went on in this room?
404
00:18:38,050 --> 00:18:42,052
So we know that the cremated
remains of a group of people
405
00:18:42,054 --> 00:18:43,921
were deposited
within the chamber.
406
00:18:43,923 --> 00:18:48,225
Behind this chamber,
we have a range of very weird
407
00:18:48,227 --> 00:18:49,293
and wonderful things,
408
00:18:49,295 --> 00:18:51,862
a human ear bone
and a bit of frog --
409
00:18:51,864 --> 00:18:53,297
-Wow.
-...a witch's broom.
410
00:18:53,299 --> 00:18:55,199
Yeah. So this was
a place of magic?
Yes.
411
00:18:55,201 --> 00:18:57,201
This was "Macbeth" stuff.
Yeah. Right.
412
00:18:57,203 --> 00:18:58,903
Absolutely. That kind of
ritual and ceremony.
413
00:18:58,905 --> 00:19:00,905
Yeah.
414
00:19:00,907 --> 00:19:04,241
There are so many dots here
that connect to Stonehenge,
415
00:19:04,243 --> 00:19:06,177
a resting place of the dead,
416
00:19:06,179 --> 00:19:08,379
arranged with
the solstice alignment
417
00:19:08,381 --> 00:19:11,048
and used for arcane
magic rituals.
418
00:19:11,050 --> 00:19:13,484
There's even a ditch
around the tomb.
419
00:19:13,486 --> 00:19:15,186
To find out if there's
an adjacent bank
420
00:19:15,188 --> 00:19:16,520
hidden underneath,
421
00:19:16,522 --> 00:19:18,589
which would make
this place a henge,
422
00:19:18,591 --> 00:19:20,891
Seren has enlisted
the support of her partner,
423
00:19:20,893 --> 00:19:24,228
archaeologist Ben Edwards.
424
00:19:24,230 --> 00:19:25,696
-Hi.
-Hi.
425
00:19:25,698 --> 00:19:27,731
Josh, nice to meet you.
426
00:19:27,733 --> 00:19:30,334
This looks crazy.
427
00:19:30,336 --> 00:19:31,669
It's not too crazy.
428
00:19:31,671 --> 00:19:33,971
-What is this?
-This is a resistivity meter.
429
00:19:33,973 --> 00:19:35,306
-Oh, of course.
-Yeah.
430
00:19:35,308 --> 00:19:37,575
That's what I was going to say,
a resistivity meter.
431
00:19:37,577 --> 00:19:39,243
You know, for those
who don't know exactly
432
00:19:39,245 --> 00:19:41,912
what a resistivity meter is,
how does it work?
433
00:19:41,914 --> 00:19:43,447
All it does is
measure resistance.
Got it.
434
00:19:43,449 --> 00:19:45,282
So you got a current
into the ground,
435
00:19:45,284 --> 00:19:46,717
and it measures the resistance
to that current.
436
00:19:46,719 --> 00:19:48,686
So the bank of our henge,
if there's one underneath,
437
00:19:48,688 --> 00:19:50,554
that will be higher resistance.
-Got it.
438
00:19:50,556 --> 00:19:51,922
You can have a go
if you'd like.
Yeah?
439
00:19:51,924 --> 00:19:53,991
-Yeah.
-Oh, I would love to. Okay.
440
00:19:53,993 --> 00:19:56,894
So all you have to do
is press start.
441
00:19:56,896 --> 00:19:58,262
It takes a reading.
Lift it up.
442
00:19:58,264 --> 00:19:59,463
-Okay.
-That's it.
443
00:19:59,465 --> 00:20:01,532
Put it in by the meter mark
on the tape.
444
00:20:01,534 --> 00:20:02,766
-There's your next reading.
-Great.
445
00:20:02,768 --> 00:20:04,501
-Do it again.
-Okay.
446
00:20:04,503 --> 00:20:07,738
So just every meter. Okay.
447
00:20:07,740 --> 00:20:08,873
That's it. It's done.
You've done the line.
448
00:20:08,875 --> 00:20:10,274
So know we go have a pint.
449
00:20:10,276 --> 00:20:11,809
-No.
-No.
450
00:20:11,811 --> 00:20:13,310
Do the rest of
the square first.
We go back the other way.
451
00:20:13,312 --> 00:20:14,912
We do.
Wait. Are we doing
the whole field?
452
00:20:14,914 --> 00:20:17,648
Yeah.
Oh, this suddenly got
a lot less fun.
453
00:20:17,650 --> 00:20:19,750
[ Laughter ]
454
00:20:19,752 --> 00:20:20,918
GATES:
Ben has marked out the test path
455
00:20:20,920 --> 00:20:22,486
with a measuring tape
456
00:20:22,488 --> 00:20:26,924
so I don't take this resistivity
meter too far astray.
457
00:20:26,926 --> 00:20:28,225
Though, I'm not sure
how much trouble
458
00:20:28,227 --> 00:20:29,827
I can get into
looking like an old man
459
00:20:29,829 --> 00:20:32,596
with a tricked-out walker.
460
00:20:32,598 --> 00:20:34,765
Okay. So moment of truth.
461
00:20:34,767 --> 00:20:36,734
Lighter gray, high resistance.
462
00:20:36,736 --> 00:20:38,235
So if we've got
a light gray area,
463
00:20:38,237 --> 00:20:40,671
that should be the henge bank.
-Got it.
464
00:20:40,673 --> 00:20:42,773
GATES: The results are in,
and they are typically Welsh.
465
00:20:42,775 --> 00:20:46,844
In other words, hard for me
to read, but to Seren and Ben,
466
00:20:46,846 --> 00:20:49,580
this pixelated image
is as clear as day.
467
00:20:49,582 --> 00:20:50,581
What's that?
468
00:20:50,583 --> 00:20:52,850
That in there is
a lighter gray area
469
00:20:52,852 --> 00:20:54,885
right where the henge
bank should be.
470
00:20:54,887 --> 00:20:56,020
Is that a henge?
471
00:20:56,022 --> 00:21:00,291
♪♪
472
00:21:04,964 --> 00:21:07,231
GATES: I'm at a Stone Age tomb
in Northern Wales
473
00:21:07,233 --> 00:21:09,901
using state of the art
geophysics technology
474
00:21:09,903 --> 00:21:13,738
to determine if this monument
was once surrounded by a henge.
475
00:21:13,740 --> 00:21:15,940
That in there is large gray area
476
00:21:15,942 --> 00:21:19,911
right where the henge
bank should be.
477
00:21:19,913 --> 00:21:21,479
-Is that a henge?
-Yeah.
478
00:21:21,481 --> 00:21:22,613
Yeah. That's a henge.
479
00:21:22,615 --> 00:21:25,650
Doesn't look like much,
but it is.
480
00:21:25,652 --> 00:21:26,884
10 gray pixels.
481
00:21:26,886 --> 00:21:28,786
That looks like it's
confirming your theory.
482
00:21:28,788 --> 00:21:30,488
-Yeah.
-Wait. That's a huge deal.
483
00:21:30,490 --> 00:21:32,023
-Yeah.
-Yeah.
484
00:21:32,025 --> 00:21:35,993
GATES: Then Ben shows me another
visual reading of the same spot,
485
00:21:35,995 --> 00:21:37,228
and there it is.
486
00:21:37,230 --> 00:21:38,496
That is as clear as day.
487
00:21:38,498 --> 00:21:39,964
-That looks like a henge.
-Yeah.
488
00:21:39,966 --> 00:21:42,066
So that makes it really old.
489
00:21:42,068 --> 00:21:43,601
Yeah. Significantly old.
490
00:21:43,603 --> 00:21:48,840
This is maybe 500 years
older than Stonehenge.
491
00:21:48,842 --> 00:21:51,609
That's incredible.
So could it be the oldest henge?
492
00:21:51,611 --> 00:21:54,612
There is one other
significant contender for that.
493
00:21:54,614 --> 00:21:56,414
-And where is that?
-That's in Orkney.
494
00:21:56,416 --> 00:21:58,316
An Orkney is...
495
00:21:58,318 --> 00:21:59,750
-Very far north.
-North.
496
00:21:59,752 --> 00:22:03,654
An island of the north, north,
north of the coast of Scotland.
497
00:22:03,656 --> 00:22:06,657
Okay.
498
00:22:06,659 --> 00:22:08,559
The builders of Bryn Celli Ddu
499
00:22:08,561 --> 00:22:12,029
appear to have brought their
influence down to Stonehenge.
500
00:22:12,031 --> 00:22:15,132
The stone circle incorporated
surrounding landforms,
501
00:22:15,134 --> 00:22:18,736
advanced engineering,
and ritual burials,
502
00:22:18,738 --> 00:22:21,606
but further north could be
an even older henge
503
00:22:21,608 --> 00:22:25,009
and evidence of the people
that started it all.
504
00:22:25,011 --> 00:22:31,582
The next morning,
I hop back into my Brit mobile
505
00:22:31,584 --> 00:22:34,752
and embark on a 10-hour
road trip toward Orkney.
506
00:22:34,754 --> 00:22:36,153
3 1/2 hours in,
507
00:22:36,155 --> 00:22:39,790
I cross the border
into Bonnie Scotland.
508
00:22:39,792 --> 00:22:42,560
I always think of Scotland
as England's
509
00:22:42,562 --> 00:22:44,362
slighlty-edgy older brother.
510
00:22:44,364 --> 00:22:48,633
A bit rowdier, a bit drunker,
been to jail a few times,
511
00:22:48,635 --> 00:22:51,836
but a lot of fun.
512
00:22:51,838 --> 00:22:54,705
My first mandatory pit stop
is Urquhart Castle,
513
00:22:54,707 --> 00:22:59,977
which dates back to
the 13th Century.
514
00:22:59,979 --> 00:23:02,780
As castles go, this one
is a little rundown,
515
00:23:02,782 --> 00:23:04,982
but since it's perched
over Loch Ness,
516
00:23:04,984 --> 00:23:07,785
I'm more interested in it
as the best viewing spot
517
00:23:07,787 --> 00:23:11,055
for the world's
most famous monster.
518
00:23:11,057 --> 00:23:12,290
Sorry, Bigfoot.
519
00:23:12,292 --> 00:23:14,158
It says here there is
a $1 million reward,
520
00:23:14,160 --> 00:23:17,395
Brian, if you capture
evidence of Nessie.
521
00:23:17,397 --> 00:23:19,931
So pretty much the episode
took a hard turn.
522
00:23:19,933 --> 00:23:21,465
We're just gonna be
staying here now.
523
00:23:21,467 --> 00:23:23,534
-But don't we have to --
-We're staying here, Brian.
524
00:23:23,536 --> 00:23:25,136
It's $1 million.
525
00:23:25,138 --> 00:23:27,038
You keep looking
through that camera.
526
00:23:27,040 --> 00:23:28,873
Earn yourself a sweet $10,000.
527
00:23:28,875 --> 00:23:30,141
10 grand?
528
00:23:30,143 --> 00:23:31,842
15 grand, maybe.
We can talk about it, Brian.
529
00:23:31,844 --> 00:23:34,845
The point is, keep your eye
on that lens.
530
00:23:34,847 --> 00:23:38,316
Here, Nessie, Nessie,
Nessie, Nessie.
531
00:23:38,318 --> 00:23:40,251
You can't stay
underwater forever.
532
00:23:40,253 --> 00:23:44,455
♪♪
533
00:23:44,457 --> 00:23:48,059
And from there, it's onward up
the North Coast 500
534
00:23:48,061 --> 00:23:52,964
AKA Scotland's Route 66.
535
00:23:52,966 --> 00:23:55,600
The scenery is
a quintessentially Scottish mix
536
00:23:55,602 --> 00:23:57,101
of very old buildings,
537
00:23:57,103 --> 00:24:01,038
medieval cathedrals,
and quirky roadside attractions.
538
00:24:01,040 --> 00:24:03,541
Oh, my god. There it is.
539
00:24:03,543 --> 00:24:05,209
Yard hedge.
540
00:24:05,211 --> 00:24:07,878
Very rare, unless you have
a subscription to
541
00:24:07,880 --> 00:24:09,547
an English Skymall catalog.
542
00:24:09,549 --> 00:24:14,752
♪♪
543
00:24:14,754 --> 00:24:16,187
With the sun starting to set,
544
00:24:16,189 --> 00:24:19,657
I finally arrive
at the end of the road.
545
00:24:19,659 --> 00:24:24,195
Literally, there is
no more land.
546
00:24:24,197 --> 00:24:27,164
This is the very
tiny village of John O' Groats,
547
00:24:27,166 --> 00:24:29,500
population about 300.
548
00:24:29,502 --> 00:24:32,570
We're at the very northeastern
tip of Great Britain here.
549
00:24:32,572 --> 00:24:34,772
This place has
the unfortunate honor
550
00:24:34,774 --> 00:24:38,042
of being named the most
dismal town in Scotland.
551
00:24:38,044 --> 00:24:41,312
Sure. It seems a little bit
lonely, but what do you want?
552
00:24:41,314 --> 00:24:42,380
We're at the end of the world.
553
00:24:42,382 --> 00:24:46,717
♪♪
554
00:24:46,719 --> 00:24:48,252
What's not to like here?
555
00:24:48,254 --> 00:24:49,987
From stunning seaside cliffs
556
00:24:49,989 --> 00:24:52,623
to a damn fine fish
and chips stand.
557
00:24:52,625 --> 00:24:55,059
That's it. Oh, man.
Is that good.
558
00:24:55,061 --> 00:24:57,461
John O' Groats
is my kind of dismal.
559
00:24:57,463 --> 00:25:00,031
They even have a charming inn
at land's end that looks like
560
00:25:00,033 --> 00:25:02,400
it was plucked out of
a Wes Anderson film,
561
00:25:02,402 --> 00:25:05,736
and it affords me a cozy room
to spend the night.
562
00:25:05,738 --> 00:25:11,809
♪♪
563
00:25:11,811 --> 00:25:13,811
The next morning,
I hop aboard a ferry
564
00:25:13,813 --> 00:25:16,147
to the remote
archipelago of Orkney.
565
00:25:16,149 --> 00:25:17,682
Thank you.
566
00:25:17,684 --> 00:25:21,152
Passage from mainland Scotland
to Orkney's port of Stromness
567
00:25:21,154 --> 00:25:25,356
is just 24 miles
as the crow flies,
568
00:25:25,358 --> 00:25:27,158
but this stretch of sea
has bested
569
00:25:27,160 --> 00:25:29,894
even the world's
most seasoned sea seafarers.
570
00:25:29,896 --> 00:25:32,096
This is known
as the Pentland Firth.
571
00:25:32,098 --> 00:25:35,800
The Viking Sagas talk about
this sea consuming their ships.
572
00:25:35,802 --> 00:25:39,070
And just a couple of years ago,
it swallowed a cargo freighter
573
00:25:39,072 --> 00:25:40,638
that's even larger
than this ferry.
574
00:25:40,640 --> 00:25:44,742
♪♪
575
00:25:44,744 --> 00:25:47,144
Whoo-hoo.
This is gonna be pukey.
576
00:25:47,146 --> 00:25:50,548
♪♪
577
00:25:50,550 --> 00:25:52,383
It's beautiful out here!
578
00:25:52,385 --> 00:25:54,919
This beautiful
North Sea weather.
579
00:25:54,921 --> 00:26:02,259
♪♪
580
00:26:06,532 --> 00:26:09,099
GATES: My search for the hidden
origin of Stonehenge
581
00:26:09,101 --> 00:26:10,868
has brought me
from a tomb in Wales
582
00:26:10,870 --> 00:26:13,604
to a treacherous ferry crossing.
583
00:26:13,606 --> 00:26:15,906
We're sailing from
the northern tip of Scotland
584
00:26:15,908 --> 00:26:18,342
to the remote islands of Orkney,
585
00:26:18,344 --> 00:26:21,578
that is if the waves
don't get us first.
586
00:26:21,580 --> 00:26:22,880
Whoo.
587
00:26:22,882 --> 00:26:24,848
The key is just keep your eye
on the horizon.
588
00:26:24,850 --> 00:26:29,253
♪♪
589
00:26:29,255 --> 00:26:34,024
Once inside the breakwaters
of Orkney, the sea is calm.
590
00:26:34,026 --> 00:26:37,828
And we dock at the charming,
if isolated, town of Stromness.
591
00:26:37,830 --> 00:26:40,731
♪♪
592
00:26:40,733 --> 00:26:42,399
From here,
I am crossing the island
593
00:26:42,401 --> 00:26:45,035
to meet with archaeologist
Caroline Wickham-Jones,
594
00:26:45,037 --> 00:26:47,604
who has been studying
Stone Age structures in the far
595
00:26:47,606 --> 00:26:49,573
northern edge of Britain.
596
00:26:49,575 --> 00:26:51,475
She's revealing to me
a little known,
597
00:26:51,477 --> 00:26:54,411
but jaw-dropping site
called Skara Brae.
598
00:26:54,413 --> 00:26:59,817
This is the best preserved
Stone Age village in Europe.
599
00:26:59,819 --> 00:27:01,752
This is insane.
600
00:27:01,754 --> 00:27:08,025
♪♪
601
00:27:08,027 --> 00:27:12,196
This is like "Hobbit"
Middle Earth stuff.
602
00:27:12,198 --> 00:27:18,502
You're seeing a house as it was
left by by Stone Age villagers.
603
00:27:18,504 --> 00:27:22,506
♪♪
604
00:27:22,508 --> 00:27:24,975
GATES: Caroline has secured
special permission for us
605
00:27:24,977 --> 00:27:27,411
to get inside for a closer look.
606
00:27:27,413 --> 00:27:30,247
This is not gonna be
the most glamorous entrance.
607
00:27:30,249 --> 00:27:33,350
There have definitely been
advances in doorframe technology
608
00:27:33,352 --> 00:27:35,052
since the Stone Age.
609
00:27:35,054 --> 00:27:37,855
After a quick crawl through
a prehistoric portal...
610
00:27:37,857 --> 00:27:39,056
Wow.
611
00:27:39,058 --> 00:27:40,991
...we emerge in
a Stone Age domicile.
612
00:27:40,993 --> 00:27:44,962
This is awesome.
613
00:27:44,964 --> 00:27:47,798
Literally, we're
in someone's home.
Yes.
614
00:27:47,800 --> 00:27:49,132
-Are these beds?
-Yes.
615
00:27:49,134 --> 00:27:51,301
Furniture made of stone.
616
00:27:51,303 --> 00:27:53,170
And this awesome
storage area here.
617
00:27:53,172 --> 00:27:55,906
We think that they probably
used them to keep things fresh
618
00:27:55,908 --> 00:27:58,175
as a sort of Stone Age fridge.
619
00:27:58,177 --> 00:28:00,444
You can rent this place
in Manhattan tomorrow.
[ Laughs ]
620
00:28:00,446 --> 00:28:01,979
You'd get a lot of money for it.
621
00:28:01,981 --> 00:28:05,249
This homey one-bedroom isn't
just a fixer-upper with a view.
622
00:28:05,251 --> 00:28:07,885
It's also the key to learning
about how the people here
623
00:28:07,887 --> 00:28:11,488
ended up influencing
the building of Stonehenge.
624
00:28:11,490 --> 00:28:13,257
One of the things
that we find here
625
00:28:13,259 --> 00:28:16,960
is highly-decorated pottery.
626
00:28:16,962 --> 00:28:20,230
The very earliest states for
this pottery are here in Orkney.
627
00:28:20,232 --> 00:28:22,366
So it's being developed
by the people who are living
628
00:28:22,368 --> 00:28:24,635
in these sort of communities.
629
00:28:24,637 --> 00:28:29,406
We also find pieces of this
pottery down at Stonehenge.
630
00:28:29,408 --> 00:28:31,508
Really?
631
00:28:31,510 --> 00:28:33,544
What it shows is that
there must be people
632
00:28:33,546 --> 00:28:37,781
traveling from the north
to the south.
633
00:28:37,783 --> 00:28:39,850
That's a proof-positive
linkage.
634
00:28:39,852 --> 00:28:42,452
Absolutely. Yes.
635
00:28:42,454 --> 00:28:43,720
GATES:
As we've seen in Wales,
636
00:28:43,722 --> 00:28:46,323
the people migrating south
to present-day England
637
00:28:46,325 --> 00:28:47,991
didn't just bring pottery.
638
00:28:47,993 --> 00:28:51,295
They brought ideas,
advanced engineering know-how
639
00:28:51,297 --> 00:28:54,264
and their sacred rituals,
640
00:28:54,266 --> 00:28:56,633
but what about stone circles
and henges?
641
00:28:56,635 --> 00:29:00,971
It turns out,
those are here, too.
642
00:29:00,973 --> 00:29:04,241
Caroline brings me a few miles
up the road to a stone circle
643
00:29:04,243 --> 00:29:07,044
that may be the oldest
henge in the U.K.,
644
00:29:07,046 --> 00:29:09,112
the Stones of Stenness.
645
00:29:09,114 --> 00:29:11,949
Everything out here
is so "Game of Thrones."
646
00:29:11,951 --> 00:29:13,617
[ Laughs ]
647
00:29:13,619 --> 00:29:22,192
♪♪
648
00:29:22,194 --> 00:29:23,427
Look at these stones.
649
00:29:23,429 --> 00:29:24,695
I mean, they're enormous.
650
00:29:24,697 --> 00:29:29,299
♪♪
651
00:29:29,301 --> 00:29:32,636
This site is 3,200 B.C.
652
00:29:32,638 --> 00:29:35,806
So more than 5,000 years old.
653
00:29:35,808 --> 00:29:39,376
We may have finally zeroed in
on the earliest-known henge,
654
00:29:39,378 --> 00:29:41,178
centuries older than Stonehenge
655
00:29:41,180 --> 00:29:44,648
and older even than
Bryn Celli Ddu in Wales,
656
00:29:44,650 --> 00:29:46,650
but even if we found
the part of the world
657
00:29:46,652 --> 00:29:48,685
where these stone
circles originated,
658
00:29:48,687 --> 00:29:51,121
there's still one
big question in my mind.
659
00:29:51,123 --> 00:29:53,357
Even if this is
the earliest henge,
660
00:29:53,359 --> 00:29:54,591
where did that idea come from?
661
00:29:54,593 --> 00:29:56,760
Why put anything
in a circular form?
662
00:29:56,762 --> 00:29:58,695
We think we may have
the answer to that.
663
00:29:58,697 --> 00:30:01,965
♪♪
664
00:30:01,967 --> 00:30:04,101
GATES: Caroline has been part of
a research project
665
00:30:04,103 --> 00:30:07,571
that may have turned up a site
that predates all of these
666
00:30:07,573 --> 00:30:11,241
and that could be the henge
that started it all.
667
00:30:11,243 --> 00:30:13,610
And when she introduces me
to her research partner,
668
00:30:13,612 --> 00:30:17,514
I know getting there
will be interesting.
669
00:30:17,516 --> 00:30:19,249
Josh, I think you know Richard.
670
00:30:19,251 --> 00:30:21,785
-Dr. Bates, how are you, man.
-Josh, great to see you again.
671
00:30:21,787 --> 00:30:22,919
-Good to see you again.
-Good to see you. How you been?
672
00:30:22,921 --> 00:30:25,222
-Not too bad. Yourself?
-I've been well.
673
00:30:25,224 --> 00:30:27,057
Good old Dickie Bates.
674
00:30:27,059 --> 00:30:28,959
The renowned geophysicist
and I have shared
675
00:30:28,961 --> 00:30:31,328
some amazing adventures
676
00:30:31,330 --> 00:30:33,897
searching for a lost
mythical city in India
677
00:30:33,899 --> 00:30:37,968
and hunting for a chest
of World War I gold in Namibia.
678
00:30:37,970 --> 00:30:41,204
And now, we meet at yet another
remote corner of the world.
679
00:30:41,206 --> 00:30:44,941
This time, on his home
turf of Scotland.
680
00:30:44,943 --> 00:30:47,811
I'm told there is a special site
that I need to look at.
681
00:30:47,813 --> 00:30:49,212
I think so.
682
00:30:49,214 --> 00:30:52,349
And one that, you know, very few
people have ever even heard of,
683
00:30:52,351 --> 00:30:54,451
yet alone seen.
-And where is it?
684
00:30:54,453 --> 00:30:57,521
It's out there.
685
00:30:57,523 --> 00:30:58,922
-In the bay?
-In the bay.
686
00:30:58,924 --> 00:31:00,323
There's water there today,
687
00:31:00,325 --> 00:31:02,859
but if you go further enough
back in time, that was land.
688
00:31:02,861 --> 00:31:04,261
You could have walked here.
689
00:31:04,263 --> 00:31:07,731
And we think it could relate
to a lot of the early monuments.
690
00:31:07,733 --> 00:31:09,733
Well, let's go look at it.
How do we get out there?
691
00:31:09,735 --> 00:31:11,601
Well, we got to find
ourselves a boat.
692
00:31:11,603 --> 00:31:14,071
Oh, boy. Have you been in boats
with Richard before?
693
00:31:14,073 --> 00:31:15,872
-All right. Come on. Let's go.
-Let's go.
694
00:31:15,874 --> 00:31:19,309
Let see what you got
for us now.
695
00:31:19,311 --> 00:31:20,944
I never would have expected
that my quest
696
00:31:20,946 --> 00:31:22,679
to find the origins
of Stonehenge
697
00:31:22,681 --> 00:31:24,881
would take me below
the surface of the frigid
698
00:31:24,883 --> 00:31:27,584
North Sea, but here we are.
699
00:31:27,586 --> 00:31:30,587
And if my past work with
Bates is any indication,
700
00:31:30,589 --> 00:31:33,423
this investigation
will be one wild ride.
701
00:31:33,425 --> 00:31:37,360
♪♪
702
00:31:42,066 --> 00:31:44,767
GATES: At the Bay of Firth in
the remote Scottish archipelago
703
00:31:44,769 --> 00:31:45,868
of Orkney,
704
00:31:45,870 --> 00:31:48,037
I've joined geophysicist
Richard Bates
705
00:31:48,039 --> 00:31:50,406
and archaeologist
Caroline Wickham-Jones
706
00:31:50,408 --> 00:31:52,275
on a potentially groundbreaking
707
00:31:52,277 --> 00:31:56,179
diving expedition to explore
an ancient underwater feature
708
00:31:56,181 --> 00:31:58,448
that may be
the original inspiration
709
00:31:58,450 --> 00:32:00,483
for sites like Stonehenge...
710
00:32:00,485 --> 00:32:02,285
The boat is just down here
on the left, Josh.
711
00:32:02,287 --> 00:32:03,419
Yeah.
712
00:32:03,421 --> 00:32:04,620
...but at the moment,
there is one thing
713
00:32:04,622 --> 00:32:07,223
that's dampening my excitement.
714
00:32:07,225 --> 00:32:09,826
I feel as though I need to
point out that it is snowing.
715
00:32:09,828 --> 00:32:11,994
-Yeah.
-Perfect diving weather.
716
00:32:11,996 --> 00:32:14,931
♪♪
717
00:32:14,933 --> 00:32:17,099
Today, Caroline and Richard
have enlisted
718
00:32:17,101 --> 00:32:19,368
the help
of Teledyne BlueView,
719
00:32:19,370 --> 00:32:20,603
a company that's developed
720
00:32:20,605 --> 00:32:23,072
pioneering underwater
sonar technology
721
00:32:23,074 --> 00:32:25,875
often used on
deep sea shipwrecks.
722
00:32:25,877 --> 00:32:28,211
I'm hoping our boat
isn't their next project.
723
00:32:28,213 --> 00:32:35,718
♪♪
724
00:32:35,720 --> 00:32:38,387
After gearing up,
we venture out to sea,
725
00:32:38,389 --> 00:32:41,457
and Richard tells me we've got
a bit of a ride ahead of us.
726
00:32:41,459 --> 00:32:42,625
About an half an hour out to it.
727
00:32:42,627 --> 00:32:43,860
We're gonna get out
into the bay.
728
00:32:43,862 --> 00:32:45,194
It's a little bit rough
729
00:32:45,196 --> 00:32:47,363
'cause the Northernlies
will row in.
How rough?
730
00:32:47,365 --> 00:32:49,665
-You know...
-Scottish rough.
731
00:32:49,667 --> 00:32:51,100
-Scottish rough.
-All right.
732
00:32:51,102 --> 00:32:52,502
Hang onto something, boys.
733
00:32:52,504 --> 00:33:01,844
♪♪
734
00:33:01,846 --> 00:33:03,846
♪♪
735
00:33:03,848 --> 00:33:05,414
Beautiful out here, Richard.
736
00:33:05,416 --> 00:33:07,683
Where else would you want
to be on a day like today?
737
00:33:07,685 --> 00:33:12,355
Oh, I don't know, indoors,
in dry clothes, at the movies.
738
00:33:12,357 --> 00:33:14,991
♪♪
739
00:33:14,993 --> 00:33:16,058
GATES: The further out we get,
740
00:33:16,060 --> 00:33:18,027
the more
the weather starts to clear.
741
00:33:18,029 --> 00:33:19,996
And Caroline gives me
the lay of the land
742
00:33:19,998 --> 00:33:22,698
as it was over 5,000 years ago,
743
00:33:22,700 --> 00:33:25,401
when the receding glaciers
of the last Ice Age
744
00:33:25,403 --> 00:33:28,204
would have given the North Sea
a much different look.
745
00:33:28,206 --> 00:33:30,206
What you have to do is
strip the water away,
746
00:33:30,208 --> 00:33:33,276
get your mind's eye back
5,000, 6,000 years.
747
00:33:33,278 --> 00:33:34,710
Would have been gentle valley.
748
00:33:34,712 --> 00:33:37,146
The sea would have been
somewhere in that direction.
749
00:33:37,148 --> 00:33:38,281
This would have been dry?
750
00:33:38,283 --> 00:33:40,249
This would have been dry.
751
00:33:40,251 --> 00:33:41,984
GATES: Richard tells me that
over the years,
752
00:33:41,986 --> 00:33:44,020
divers have explored
these waters.
753
00:33:44,022 --> 00:33:46,522
Just a few years ago,
one finding in particular
754
00:33:46,524 --> 00:33:48,891
really grabbed his
and Caroline's attention
755
00:33:48,893 --> 00:33:52,328
for reasons
I'm about to understand.
756
00:33:52,330 --> 00:33:53,829
Hey, Josh.
757
00:33:53,831 --> 00:33:54,997
We're coming up on the site now
in the middle of the bay here.
758
00:33:54,999 --> 00:33:57,500
Gonna get a high-resolution
sonar image
759
00:33:57,502 --> 00:33:58,868
of what's on the bottom.
760
00:33:58,870 --> 00:34:00,436
All right. Great.
Let's see it.
761
00:34:00,438 --> 00:34:04,707
Okay. Off you go.
762
00:34:04,709 --> 00:34:05,975
GATES: Our first move
is to break out
763
00:34:05,977 --> 00:34:09,111
Teledyne's boat-mounted
sonar imaging scanner
764
00:34:09,113 --> 00:34:11,514
to get an initial
overview of the site.
765
00:34:11,516 --> 00:34:15,518
Some assembly is required, but
once we've got it all rigged up,
766
00:34:15,520 --> 00:34:17,153
it's an impressive piece of kit.
767
00:34:17,155 --> 00:34:19,956
The sonar generates
high-resolution
768
00:34:19,958 --> 00:34:21,390
3D points clouds.
769
00:34:21,392 --> 00:34:23,526
So we're hoping to get
some very good details
770
00:34:23,528 --> 00:34:24,994
of the area of interest.
771
00:34:24,996 --> 00:34:28,364
We should see
individual stones.
Awesome.
772
00:34:28,366 --> 00:34:31,367
The scanner is able to stitch
together 3D sonar scans
773
00:34:31,369 --> 00:34:32,668
in real time,
774
00:34:32,670 --> 00:34:35,137
creating an image
of the site from above,
775
00:34:35,139 --> 00:34:37,440
but, first, we'll need
generate the data
776
00:34:37,442 --> 00:34:42,278
by taking the boat back
and forth...Zamboni-style.
777
00:34:42,280 --> 00:34:44,680
We are following
where we are actually
778
00:34:44,682 --> 00:34:48,651
sending these sonar signals
onto the seafloor.
Right.
779
00:34:48,653 --> 00:34:50,586
So each little dot on there
780
00:34:50,588 --> 00:34:52,488
is a real refraction
from the seafloor.
781
00:34:52,490 --> 00:34:54,123
Got it.
782
00:34:54,125 --> 00:34:56,425
As we navigate back
and forth over the site,
783
00:34:56,427 --> 00:34:58,995
the computer begins
stitching together the data.
784
00:34:58,997 --> 00:35:03,666
Before long, something
unusual starts to take shape.
785
00:35:03,668 --> 00:35:05,635
So no question there's
a feature down there.
786
00:35:05,637 --> 00:35:09,305
There's a definite step
in the landscape here.
787
00:35:09,307 --> 00:35:11,540
That's fabulous.
It's really clear.
788
00:35:11,542 --> 00:35:12,975
Look at that.
Look at the curve there.
789
00:35:12,977 --> 00:35:17,480
-It's circular.
-That's not ordinary.
790
00:35:17,482 --> 00:35:19,882
So am I to understand
that this is a monument?
791
00:35:19,884 --> 00:35:21,217
Is this a henge?
792
00:35:21,219 --> 00:35:23,352
Well, that's
the $1 million question.
793
00:35:23,354 --> 00:35:26,088
GATES: If Caroline and Richard
can prove that people made
794
00:35:26,090 --> 00:35:27,957
or even modified this site,
795
00:35:27,959 --> 00:35:31,093
it would mean that this is
the earliest man-made henge
796
00:35:31,095 --> 00:35:33,696
and stone circle
monument ever found.
797
00:35:33,698 --> 00:35:36,966
Perhaps, the inspiration
for all others that followed.
798
00:35:36,968 --> 00:35:38,934
The only way for us
to continue studying
799
00:35:38,936 --> 00:35:41,103
that is to get in the water.
-[ Laughs ]
800
00:35:41,105 --> 00:35:43,539
Boy, you better have some
seriously warm gear
801
00:35:43,541 --> 00:35:45,741
on this boat.
802
00:35:45,743 --> 00:35:47,410
So against my better judgement,
803
00:35:47,412 --> 00:35:51,047
and open-ocean dive
in near Arctic waters is on.
804
00:35:51,049 --> 00:35:53,516
Jon's brought another
scanning set up to document
805
00:35:53,518 --> 00:35:55,818
the site in even richer detail,
806
00:35:55,820 --> 00:35:58,054
but first, we'll need
to squeeze into specialty
807
00:35:58,056 --> 00:36:02,391
diving suits capable of keeping
us alive in freezing water.
808
00:36:02,393 --> 00:36:03,859
I feel like I look like
the Michelin Man
809
00:36:03,861 --> 00:36:05,728
and Richard looks
like James Bond.
810
00:36:05,730 --> 00:36:09,699
♪♪
811
00:36:09,701 --> 00:36:15,604
We drop the anchor in to mark
the spot and then bombs away.
812
00:36:15,606 --> 00:36:25,214
♪♪
813
00:36:25,216 --> 00:36:27,950
The feature is only
about 15 feet deep,
814
00:36:27,952 --> 00:36:30,052
but it feels like
we're on another planet.
815
00:36:40,798 --> 00:36:42,665
We swim closer to the center,
816
00:36:42,667 --> 00:36:45,501
and the ground beneath us
starts to rise.
817
00:36:56,647 --> 00:36:59,682
♪♪
818
00:37:03,755 --> 00:37:06,856
GATES: I'm in Scotland's frigid
Bay of Firth below the surface
819
00:37:06,858 --> 00:37:08,525
and getting up
close and personal
820
00:37:08,527 --> 00:37:09,993
with a strange formation
821
00:37:09,995 --> 00:37:14,197
that we hope is the inspiration
for all henge monuments.
822
00:37:49,434 --> 00:37:50,867
We have the surface team
823
00:37:50,869 --> 00:37:53,203
lower the sonar unit
to the ocean floor,
824
00:37:53,205 --> 00:37:54,337
and we prepare for
825
00:37:54,339 --> 00:37:56,773
a hyperdetailed scan of
the site.
826
00:38:00,545 --> 00:38:02,078
Okay. We're starting the scan.
827
00:38:06,051 --> 00:38:08,418
It's not recommended,
but it is safe.
828
00:38:10,355 --> 00:38:11,788
GATES: Richard and I swim
out of the way
829
00:38:11,790 --> 00:38:13,656
to let the scanner do its job.
830
00:38:13,658 --> 00:38:15,892
So as the sonar scans around,
831
00:38:15,894 --> 00:38:19,562
it will build up the 3D point
cloud of that area.
832
00:38:19,564 --> 00:38:21,164
GATES: It only takes minutes
for the machine
833
00:38:21,166 --> 00:38:23,433
to collect millions
of data points,
834
00:38:23,435 --> 00:38:25,435
rendering an image in real time.
835
00:38:25,437 --> 00:38:26,870
So the scan is completed now.
836
00:38:26,872 --> 00:38:29,405
Okay. Okay.
837
00:38:29,407 --> 00:38:31,074
That's amazing, guys.
838
00:38:31,076 --> 00:38:34,410
There is fabulous detail
just even so quickly.
839
00:38:34,412 --> 00:38:38,548
That's just incredible.
840
00:38:38,550 --> 00:38:40,683
GATES: After hours
in near-freezing water,
841
00:38:40,685 --> 00:38:42,685
we're eager to make
our way topside,
842
00:38:42,687 --> 00:38:44,854
thaw out, and examine the scan.
843
00:38:44,856 --> 00:38:49,058
♪♪
844
00:38:49,060 --> 00:38:52,195
What do we got?
845
00:38:52,197 --> 00:38:54,063
How cool is that?
846
00:38:54,065 --> 00:38:56,266
Hey, it worked.
847
00:38:56,268 --> 00:38:58,568
GATES: The combined scans
from above and below
848
00:38:58,570 --> 00:39:01,004
have come through crystal clear,
849
00:39:01,006 --> 00:39:03,540
giving Caroline and Richard
the most accurate model
850
00:39:03,542 --> 00:39:05,942
yet of the mysterious
underwater feature.
851
00:39:05,944 --> 00:39:08,611
And you can really see
the pattern, really.
852
00:39:08,613 --> 00:39:09,946
Yeah. Absolutely.
853
00:39:09,948 --> 00:39:13,683
It's a very distinct
outer part of the circle.
854
00:39:13,685 --> 00:39:16,019
The oldest henges,
they occur in Orkney.
855
00:39:16,021 --> 00:39:17,921
Well, they have to be
inspired by something.
856
00:39:17,923 --> 00:39:21,257
Our work here tells us
that they would've seen this
857
00:39:21,259 --> 00:39:22,992
on a land surface.
858
00:39:22,994 --> 00:39:25,061
GATES:
The formation we saw underwater
859
00:39:25,063 --> 00:39:28,364
so reminiscent of the banks
and ditches of Stonehenge
860
00:39:28,366 --> 00:39:29,966
and Stenness may in fact
861
00:39:29,968 --> 00:39:32,135
have been the reason
for their existence,
862
00:39:32,137 --> 00:39:37,340
as the people migrating south
sought to emulate the site here.
863
00:39:37,342 --> 00:39:40,076
It's impossible to ignore
how similar it is
864
00:39:40,078 --> 00:39:44,247
in some ways to these henges we
see on Orkney and other places.
865
00:39:44,249 --> 00:39:46,482
Do you think this is
a part of that story?
866
00:39:46,484 --> 00:39:50,119
The henges mimic it so closely.
867
00:39:50,121 --> 00:39:51,988
It's got the platform,
the ditch.
868
00:39:51,990 --> 00:39:55,525
It's the same sort of size,
but natural.
869
00:39:55,527 --> 00:39:56,759
Yeah.
870
00:39:56,761 --> 00:39:59,629
Is it a coincidence that
we get something like this
871
00:39:59,631 --> 00:40:02,031
where these sites are developed?
872
00:40:02,033 --> 00:40:05,335
It could be a mother henge.
873
00:40:05,337 --> 00:40:07,136
It turns everything on its head.
874
00:40:07,138 --> 00:40:09,973
You wouldn't think that
it would be the genesis
875
00:40:09,975 --> 00:40:13,776
of something
as magnificent as Stonehenge.
876
00:40:13,778 --> 00:40:16,012
GATES: In search of
Stonehenge's origins,
877
00:40:16,014 --> 00:40:18,181
I've gone all around
the United Kingdom,
878
00:40:18,183 --> 00:40:19,816
traveling through time
in the process.
879
00:40:19,818 --> 00:40:23,286
♪♪
880
00:40:23,288 --> 00:40:26,522
I've seen how technology is
settling long-simmering debates
881
00:40:26,524 --> 00:40:28,257
about the site's purpose.
882
00:40:28,259 --> 00:40:30,660
While Stonehenge is
a place of ritual,
883
00:40:30,662 --> 00:40:33,329
it wasn't just used
for celebrations.
884
00:40:33,331 --> 00:40:35,031
This appears to be a cemetery,
885
00:40:35,033 --> 00:40:39,002
a land of the dead,
886
00:40:39,004 --> 00:40:41,704
but it's also a part
of a much larger story.
887
00:40:41,706 --> 00:40:43,773
It's connected to superhenges
888
00:40:43,775 --> 00:40:46,643
and to monuments
in Wales and in Orkney
889
00:40:46,645 --> 00:40:49,212
that are older than
we once thought possible.
890
00:40:49,214 --> 00:40:50,913
And in cold Scottish waters,
891
00:40:50,915 --> 00:40:52,982
the origins of
all henge monuments
892
00:40:52,984 --> 00:40:55,385
might finally be
coming into view.
893
00:40:55,387 --> 00:40:58,554
All of it tells a tale far
richer than the popular myths
894
00:40:58,556 --> 00:41:03,359
and legends led on of a restless
and inventive people
895
00:41:03,361 --> 00:41:06,863
whose perseverance,
ingenuity, and creativity
896
00:41:06,865 --> 00:41:08,665
would pave the way
for the Britain
897
00:41:08,667 --> 00:41:11,534
that so many love
and cherish today.
898
00:41:11,536 --> 00:41:14,704
Stonehenge will be here
long after we're gone.
899
00:41:14,706 --> 00:41:16,773
And as the sun continues to rise
900
00:41:16,775 --> 00:41:19,575
and set across these
mysterious stones,
901
00:41:19,577 --> 00:41:22,478
I'm left marveling,
not just at the monuments,
902
00:41:22,480 --> 00:41:26,449
but at the people who lived,
died, and endured here.
903
00:41:26,451 --> 00:41:30,586
♪♪
904
00:41:30,588 --> 00:41:32,422
On the next
"Expedition Unknown"...
905
00:41:32,424 --> 00:41:33,756
192.
906
00:41:33,758 --> 00:41:37,093
We're getting rich today.
907
00:41:37,095 --> 00:41:39,062
If you look here,
there's a windmill.
908
00:41:39,064 --> 00:41:41,731
That's the Chicago Water Tower.
909
00:41:41,733 --> 00:41:45,702
My dad thought that he would
find it very quickly.
910
00:41:45,704 --> 00:41:49,138
If you look here, you can see
the state of Florida.
911
00:41:49,140 --> 00:41:50,239
She's the lion.
912
00:41:50,241 --> 00:41:51,641
Nobody has figured
that out before.
913
00:41:51,643 --> 00:41:53,309
It's buried under a lion.
914
00:41:53,311 --> 00:41:54,777
-Something.
-Hold on.
915
00:41:54,779 --> 00:41:57,246
-Oh, come on.
-Wait. Is that it?
916
00:41:57,248 --> 00:41:59,716
♪♪
69860
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