All language subtitles for America in Color S03E01 Coming to America

Narrator: This is
the story of america

Seen in color
for the very first time.

Many immigrants' first sight
of america is lady liberty.

In 1936, president roosevelt
celebrates her 50th birthday.

Franklin roosevelt:
Out of the melting pot,

The rich promise
which the new world held out

To those who came to it
from many lands

Is finding fulfillment.

Narrator: She's a symbol
of america--

Land of opportunity.

The idea attracts millions.

Some seek freedom.

Others look for opportunity.

At first many enter easily...

But america's arms
are not always open...

And immigrants' loyalty
will be tested.

Fritz kuhn: You all have heard
of me as a creature with horns.

Narrator: But making it
in america

Remains a powerful dream.

Frank sinatra: And here's
where I do all my cooking

And make the spaghetti
and the sauce.

Narrator: This is the story
of coming to america

As you've never seen it before.

♪

[indistinct shouting]

John kennedy: I want us
to recapture that...

♪

♪

[bell clanging]

Narrator:
At the turn of the century,

Thomas edison's film crew

Shoots the earliest footage
of immigrants arriving

After up to eight days
crossing the atlantic.

America's "open door" policy

Means almost all europeans
are welcome.

This is ellis island immigration
station in new york harbor.

In 1907 the facility processes
over a million migrants--

Its busiest year ever.

The greatest numbers come

From Italy, austria-hungary
and russia.

New arrivals await examination
by immigration officials...

Who check they have enough money
to support themselves.

In less than five hours,
almost all are through.

The salvation army offers
one lucky group

Celebratory doughnuts.

[cheering]

They're making a fresh start,

And they'll go on to settle
in every corner of the country.

Sarah unobskey, a russian jew,
comes to america in 1905.

Her family's home movies--
aired here for the first time--

Show them picnicking
in summer 1929.

The unobskeys are among

Two million russian
and eastern european jews

Who arrive
between 1880 and 1914,

Fleeing persecution and poverty.

That cowpoke is
sarah's grandson joe.

The family throw themselves
into american life.

[bicycle bell rings]

In 1911 the unobskeys
move to calais,

A small town in maine.

On main street they open
unobskey's store,

Selling clothes.

They're orthodox jews, but they
have to adapt to the new land.

They break the jewish sabbath
and open the store on saturdays.

The move pays off.

Over 30 years unobskey's grows,

Becoming one of the town's
biggest businesses.

Their films are proof

That home movies
of american grandkids

Are almost as old
as movie cameras themselves.

Sarah's sons, arthur--
the cameraman--

Charles and bill

Carry on the family trade,

Living their version
of the american dream.

[film projector running]

In the 1910s the message
to many newcomers

Is that the key to their success

Is to be like the unobskeys
and become more american.

Meet pete, fictional hero
of a federal government film

Aimed at new immigrants.

Pete only speaks
his native italian.

With no english, the best
he can do is unskilled labor.

He can't read a warning sign
and hurts himself badly.

[thud]

But when he gets
with the program

And studies english
at night school,

He turns his life around.

He gets a better job,
falls in love,

And now he's a perfect citizen.

The ford motor company
employs 13,000,

Almost three quarters
of whom are immigrants.

The company uses
its americanization program

To control them.

From 1914, ford workers
born overseas

Have to attend english lessons.

Teachers drill them
on basic grammar.

At a special
graduation ceremony,

Workers are made to March

Through an enormous
model melting pot.

Symbolically it boils away
their old immigrant identity,

Indoctrinates them
with company values

And transforms them
into model americans.

[cheering]

Still so far from home,

Many immigrants decide
it's better to stick together.

San francisco, 1921.

Little Italy in north beach

Is bustling with familiar
shops and businesses.

On montgomery street,

Amadeo giannini runs
his new bank of Italy.

In time it becomes
the bank of america.

[horn blows]

That November
the italian community turns out

To welcome a visiting
italian warship, the libya.

[cannon fires]

[horn blasts]

Recording the occasion is
young filmmaker frank capra--

Seen here wearing boots
and chomping a cigar.

Capra, who came to america
at the age of 5,

Becomes a renowned
hollywood director

Thanks to classics like
"it's a wonderful life."

At the fior d'italia, one of
the oldest italian restaurants

In the united states,

He films the libya's crew
enjoying a grand dinner.

♪

But these aren't the only
recent arrivals

Building something like home
in this new world.

♪

Alongside little Italy
is america's oldest chinatown.

The chinese-style architecture
and exotic shops

Make it a magnet for tourists.

Captain h.J. Lewis is
a popular chinatown guide.

In 1912 he produces this
filmed version of his tour,

Promising to reveal
the real chinatown.

A lady with bound feet,
strange chinese vegetables

And a butcher with a contraption
for flattening live geese.

Lewis's film presents chinatown
as an exotic spectacle

For american moviegoers
to marvel at.

The people are real,

But lewis's camera
mostly sees stereotypes.

Films like this
only deepen concerns

About immigrants' influence
on established white values.

And when dramatic events
shake the country,

America's immigrants
will come under attack.

June 2, 1919.

Italian anarchists bomb

Attorney general a. Mitchell
palmer's washington home.

It's one of eight
anarchist bombs

To explode in cities
across the country.

Palmer and his family are
badly shaken, but escape harm.

The bombs add fuel
to anti-immigrant feeling

And give the government
an excuse to take action.

Palmer's justice department
launches raids in 30 cities--

Including this one in chicago.

Police arrest around 5,000

Suspected italian and
eastern european radicals...

And seize communist literature.

Many of those targeted
are innocent.

Those found who are not yet
u.S. Citizens can be deported.

♪

In December 1919, 249 alleged
communist sympathizers

Are sent back to russia on
a ship dubbed "the soviet ark."

[horn blast]

The government is delighted
to see them go.

[horn blasts]

January 1, 1920.

The census records
that 14 million new immigrants

Since the turn of the century

Have taken the u.S. Population
past the 100 million mark.

Critics of uncontrolled
immigration

Allege this flood
of new arrivals is overwhelming

What they claim is
the country's "original stock"

Of northern european immigrants.

Nativists demand that america
pulls in the welcome mat.

Washington, may 1924.

President calvin coolidge
and his government

Back a new
immigration reform bill.

The 1924 immigration act

Ends an era of uncontrolled
entry to america.

It introduces the first
permanent quotas

On most migrants
in america's history

And reinforces earlier bans
on almost all asian migrants.

[crying]

Representative albert johnson,
sponsor of the act,

Declares it will put a stop
to "a stream of alien blood."

One-year-old japanese american
akira kawasaki and his family

Now find themselves in
an increasingly hostile country.

His father, yasujiro,
moved to little tokyo

In downtown los angeles,
long before the clampdown.

In yasujiro's rarely seen
home movies,

Japanese-american life
in the '30s comes alive.

At the dock seeing off friends
and family visiting from japan,

Passengers throw streamers.

Loved ones hold on tight
until the ship pulls away.

In 1934 he films the country's
first ever nisei week,

A festival of japanese culture
in los angeles.

Movie star charlie chaplin,
a great admirer of japan,

Stops by.

The kawasakis are doing well.

Yasujiro puts up this commercial
building in little tokyo--

In the shadow
of l.A.'s city hall.

♪

But california law
bars japanese-born yasujiro

From owning property.

He has to title the building
in his daughter's name.

The kawasakis know that many
americans don't want them here.

They accept discrimination
as the price they pay

For life in the u.S.

Others aren't so willing.

[explosions]

Panama, 1911.

On a strip
of american territory,

The united states is building
a modern marvel--

A canal linking the atlantic
and the pacific.

Doing the back-breaking work

Are 30,000 black migrant
laborers from the caribbean.

Marcus garvey, a visiting
jamaican journalist,

Is appalled by the conditions
they endure.

White workers make more.

Black caribbean workers
live in segregated housing,

And their children go
to segregated schools.

When they finish
the panama canal,

Thousands migrate to america,
seeking a better life.

Harlem, hub of black new york,

Becomes home to many
caribbean immigrants,

Including marcus garvey.

This is the only known
footage of garvey.

It's from a 1920 March for his
new "back to africa" movement.

Many garveyites helped build
the panama canal.

[horse neighs]

Garvey denounces racism

Against these recently arrived
black migrants

And african americans

And tells them their future
lies in africa.

He sports the military uniform
of a national leader.

Marcus garvey: We are raising
the cry of africa

For the africans,
those at home and those abroad.

Narrator:
To carry followers there,

He launches the black star
shipping line.

But the business goes bust.

Garvey is imprisoned for fraud.

He and his followers
call the charges bogus.

In 1927 he's deported
to jamaica.

A reminder that assimilation
in america is more complicated

Than the myth
of the melting pot.

Most newcomers arrive
through america's ports,

But mexicans have been
moving back and forth

Across the almost
2,000-mile-long land border

For decades.

The 1924 immigration act

Imposes no quota on mexicans
entering the u.S.,

And in the 1920s nearly
half a million move to america.

In the early 20th century,

Texas rangers carry out
sporadic border patrols.

Ranger captain charles stevens,
a former sheriff,

Is as eager as his men

To demonstrate ranger-grade
riding and sharpshooting.

[gunshots]

[horse neighs]

The u.S. Border patrol
is established in 1924.

It's the first force devoted
to guarding america's borders.

The border patrol academy
in el paso, texas,

Opens ten years later.

Here new recruits demonstrate
impressive horsemanship.

They're given a badge and a gun,

But they provide
their own horse and saddle.

With only 250 officers
to monitor the entire border,

It's clear that security here
isn't a top priority.

Although mexicans find it
easy to cross over,

Americans often treat them
as second-class citizens.

Many, like antonio fuentes,

Work hard to establish
themselves as real americans.

Antonio emigrates
to corpus christi, texas,

As a young man,
where he opens a local store.

♪

His rare home movies
show family life

With wife josefina
and their five children.

These are some
of the earliest films

Made by a mexican american
in texas.

Here antonio jr. Discovers
the thrills and spills

Of three wheels.

The fuentes raise their children
to be patriotic americans.

[children chattering]

♪

In 1929 antonio films

Corpus christi's growing
mexican population

As it turns out for the city's
independence day parade.

♪

He supports the order
of the sons of america,

One of texas's first

Mexican-american civil rights
organizations.

The order emphasizes
that assimilation

Is the best route to acceptance
for its members.

♪

Ellis island, 1932.

In the depths
of the great depression,

America no longer looks
like a land of opportunity.

This isn't a stream
of new arrivals--

This year 300,000 immigrants say
goodbye to the american dream.

Woman: Well, I just want to say
that I would like to go home,

Because I hope my husband
will get work back home.

He didn't get it here.

Narrator: In an american first,

More people leave
this year than arrive.

And some who stay
will struggle to survive.

♪

1930, brooklyn's ocean parkway.

As the great depression bites,

Young italian immigrants spend
their weeks looking for work.

But plenty devote their weekends

To races organized by the unione
sportiva italiana cycling club,

Founded in 1908.

The city's italian community
are passionate cyclists.

♪

The thrill of the open road,

Friendly competition

And a little flirting.

♪

The club is still
going strong today.

It's part of the glue that binds
this community together.

In 1930, the world's most famous
physicist, albert einstein,

Is met by adoring crowds
in new york.

He's just visiting,

But before long he
and many other german jews

Will be hoping to make
a permanent home here.

He's asked his opinion
on prohibition.

[speaking german]

[laughter]

He doesn't drink,
so he doesn't care!

Group: Einstein!
Rah rah rah! Rah rah rah!

Narrator:
In california he's greeted

By excited cheerleaders.

[applause]

The next summer,
he's back home in germany,

At his cottage outside berlin.

Einstein, seen here in pajamas
with wife elsa,

Fears his days in his beloved
homeland are numbered.

The nazis' rise to power

Means jews like einstein
are openly persecuted.

♪

German students burn his books,

Along with others by authors
the nazis consider subversive.

And he, along with
all other jews,

Is banned from teaching
at universities.

In 1933 einstein renounces
his german citizenship.

He seeks sanctuary in america.

His status means that,
unlike most jewish refugees,

He's welcomed with open arms.

♪

Long island, 1937.

Einstein's good friend
and accountant leo mattersdorf

Catches him off duty
in his home movies...

Chatting with leo's wife,
jeanne,

And playing with
their daughter stephanie.

Safe in america, einstein knows
he's one of the lucky few.

"I am almost ashamed to be
living in such peace

While all the rest struggle,"
he writes.

He campaigns on behalf
of refugees

And rails against fascism.

But he'll never call germany
home again.

As political tensions
in europe mount,

Many german immigrants will feel
that they have to take sides.

Marlene dietrich

Is one of germany's
most celebrated movie stars.

She arrives in hollywood in 1930

In search of international fame
and fortune.

She achieves both.

Her home movies show her
enjoying the good life

In beverly hills
in the early '30s.

Her icy beauty is legendary.

In private
she's just as glamorous

But far more mischievous.

In 1937 dietrich vacations
in austria.

She's proud of her german roots

And enjoys posing
in traditional dress,

As does her fellow
hollywood star and lover,

Douglas fairbanks, jr.

When she stops in london,

Nazi agents ask dietrich
to come home to germany

To make propaganda films
for the third reich.

But she's a staunch opponent
of the nazis and refuses.

Back in america
dietrich leaves no doubt

About where her loyalties lie.

In 1939 she renounces germany
and becomes a u.S. Citizen.

But a few german americans will
follow a very different path.

New york, 1937.

[cheering]

A group of boys set off
for summer camp,

Upstate in
the catskill mountains.

This looks like a typical
american rite of passage.

[bugles playing]

A bugle wakes them.

They cook around a campfire...

And get back to nature

With plenty
of outdoor activities.

But these are no boy scouts...

And this is no ordinary
summer camp.

It's one of a dozen or so run
by the german-american bund,

A new grassroots organization

That's the american arm
of hitler's third reich.

It aims to indoctrinate
young german americans

In nazi ideology.

The bund's leader, fritz kuhn,
is a german immigrant

With u.S. Citizenship
dubbed the "american fuhrer."

[cheering]

Bund members meet
at rallies like this one

In hindenburg park,
los angeles, in 1936.

The organization claims it has
a membership of 100,000,

Though the true figure
is far lower.

They say they're
patriotic citizens,

But they fly the nazi flag and
give the "heil hitler" salute.

[singing]

♪

But 6,000 miles away in germany,

Ordinary jews still see america
as a safe haven from the nazis.

Benno thorsch owns a successful
camera business in dresden.

His remarkable home movies

Record the nazis'
unstoppable March to war.

As nazis fill dresden's streets,

Thorsch realizes that as a jew
he's no longer safe here.

He knows that he
and his children,

Irmgard and bernward,
must get out.

[laughing]

♪

In an extraordinary
twist of fate,

He swaps his dresden
camera factory

For a detroit photo business,

Owned by a german
looking to return home.

After emigrating in March 1938,

The family makes a fresh start
in a motor city suburb,

Messing around
in their new backyard.

In 1944 they move
to los angeles,

Where thorsch opens
another camera shop.

His second wife, edith, and
son bernward work in the store.

Thorsch is a big fan of pranks.

[screams]

When he's not working, he enjoys
the fruits of his success.

His porsche is
a prized possession.

Thorsch's shop becomes
a studio city institution--

One of its future customers will
be a young steven spielberg.

[ship horn blows]

But not all jewish refugees
are as lucky as the thorsches.

In may 1939,

The st. Louis ocean liner
docks in havana, cuba.

Over 900 german jews
are on board.

They're fleeing europe

Just a few months before
the outbreak of the war.

But the strongly anti-immigrant
cuban government

Turns them away,

So the st. Louis sails
towards america.

The ship's captain
asks president roosevelt

To accept the refugees,

But the 1924 immigration act

Means the annual quota
for german migrants

Is already full,

And he refuses
to grant them asylum.

The ship is forced to turn back.

When belgium, the netherlands,
britain and France

Offer the refugees shelter,

They believe they've
at last been saved.

Newsreel announcer:
For these few who have escaped,

Penniless but undaunted,

Life still looks sweet.

Narrator:
But 254 of these refugees

Will not survive the war;

They will die
in nazi concentration camps.

♪

It's not just in nazi germany
that jews are under attack.

February 20, 1939.

In the heart of new york,

20,000 members of the pro-nazi
german-american bund

Gather at madison square garden.

On stage is a 30-foot poster
of president george washington,

Who's celebrated
as "the first fascist."

Bund leader fritz kuhn
addresses his loyal followers.

[cheering]

Kuhn: American patriots...

You all have heard of me,

Through the jewish-controlled
press,

As a creature with horns,
a cloven hoof, and a long tail.

[laughter and applause]

Narrator: Kuhn--
a vehement anti-semite--

Labels president roosevelt's
new deal the "jew deal."

The bund represents
a tiny proportion of america,

And this rally horrifies
the vast majority.

Outside, anti-nazi demonstrators
clash with police.

With war in europe
just months away,

The government faces
the terrifying prospect

That some immigrants
will side with the enemy.

In 1940, with europe at war,

Some 3.5 million foreigners
without u.S. Citizenship

Are required to register
with the government

And have their
fingerprints taken.

Government propaganda
makes clear

That foreigners must now prove
their allegiance to america.

Woman: America has
admitted you with open arms.

You owe it to america
to register now, today, at once.

Man: And thus show your loyalty
to the united states.

♪

Narrator: Crystal city, texas.

At first glance this looks

Like a typical slice
of american suburbia.

But it's actually the country's
largest internment camp.

After the u.S. Enters the war
in December 1941,

Germans, japanese and italians

Are now considered
america's enemies.

They're rounded up and interned
at camps across the country.

Over 4,000 people of japanese,
german or italian ancestry

Are held here,
including 1,600 children.

Crystal city is run
by the immigration authority,

Who produced this rose-tinted
look at life there.

Woman: Each housing unit was
furnished with running water,

An ice box, beds and linen,

A chair, some with
toilet facilities.

♪

Narrator:
The film completely ignores

The harsh reality of camp life.

Most camps were
far more primitive.

Its upbeat simulation
of normality

Jars against the truth:
This is a prison.

Woman: This swimming pool

Helped greatly to relieve
the monotony of detention,

And as you see,

It was particularly beneficial
to the children.

[bell rings]

Narrator: The trauma
of incarceration

Will long outlast the war.

Audrey neugebauer is here
because her father is german.

This photo shows her
in front of the camp school.

Even at age 8
she knows the score.

"I knew we were incarcerated.

We were behind
barbed wire fences

And there were guard stations
with guns."

With america at war,

Most immigrants are keen
to prove their patriotism.

[applause]

In the '30s, italian-american
director frank capra

Is on a winning streak.

He collects
three academy awards--

The first for
"it happened one night."

But four days
after pearl harbor,

He quits hollywood.

He joins the army to make
war information films

That, he says,
will explain to soldiers

"why the hell
they're in uniform."

Film narrator:
The chips are down,

Two worlds stand
against each other.

Narrator: Capra's
film "prelude to war,"

With graphics by walt disney,

Makes such a powerful case
for going to war

That it plays in movie theaters
nationwide.

Film narrator:
Remember these faces.

If you ever meet them,
don't hesitate.

♪

Narrator: Capra considers the
films his most important works.

At u.S. Army camp hale,

9,000 feet up in colorado's
rocky mountains,

Norwegian immigrants
are training hard.

♪

This is norwegian american
bjarne aanning.

In 1943 he's drafted
into the 99th battalion,

A special unit made up
of norwegian americans,

Nicknamed "the vikings."

Aanning carries his kodak camera
everywhere.

He films the vikings
taking to the slopes

And mastering mountain warfare

As they prepare to liberate
norway from the nazis.

Conditions are harsh--

Those backpacks weigh
around 90 pounds.

But the men have the weasel,
an early snowmobile,

To help take the strain.

As it turns out, most vikings
don't see action in norway;

Instead they serve
in France and belgium.

Just some of the millions
of immigrants

On the frontline
and the homefront

Doing their duty
by their adopted country.

Ingrid bergman: Since I've been
here in the united states

I have received many letters
from my friends in sweden

Asking one thing--

Tell us about the swedes
in america.

Narrator: In 1943 swedish
film star ingrid bergman

Presents this government film
"swedes in america."

♪

In the midst of war,
the film reminds americans

That it's immigrants
who built the nation.

Bergman travels to minnesota

To meet some of her fellow
two million swedish americans.

She lends a hand on the farm...

And visits lindstrom, known
as america's "little sweden."

Bergman: There's something
special about lindstrom.

Every Thursday the town
turns out, all of them,

To broom and scrub the streets.

Narrator:
Immigrants, bergman says,

Infuse america with
this community spirit.

Bergman: As a pioneer country,

America has always been a place
where neighbor helps neighbor.

It was the swedes who helped
to organize that spirit.

Narrator: When the war ends,

A new wave of immigrants
will arrive

Hoping that they too will find

A corner of the country
to call home.

♪

After the war, around 35,000 gis
bring home japanese war brides.

From the 1940s, america
begins to lift restrictions

On asian immigrants.

The u.S. Army believes
these women need a crash course

On american life.

They get tutorials
on the latest technology,

From vacuum cleaners...

To toasters.

They learn to bake
the perfect american pie.

And make-up classes help them
achieve that american look.

[applause]

But this patronizing
u.S. Army film--

About miwako and
her g.I. Husband walter--

Suggests the american dream
won't come easy.

Miwako: Walter's mother
was friendly,

But I wondered
if she was wishing

That walter had married
an american girl.

Narrator: Plenty of americans
still regard the japanese

As enemies.

Walter: We did get a look of
real resentment from one woman;

She had lost a son at iwo jima.

Narrator: But like generations
of immigrants before her,

Miwako wins over
her new american relations.

[laughter]

While some assimilate,
many immigrants

Who've been in america
half a century or more

At last see their culture go

From the margins
to the mainstream.

The bobby soxers sport
their trademark ankle socks

Even in the depths of winter.

They're the devoted teenage fans

Of singer and movie star
frank sinatra.

He's one of a new generation
of entertainers

Bringing immigrant culture
to the masses.

[applause]

[cheering]

Sinatra is the child
of italian immigrants

With a classic
rags-to-riches story--

From a tenement
in hoboken, new jersey,

He makes it all the way
to hollywood.

Bob hope: Mr. Smooth himself,
the old collapso singer,

Frank sinatra.

[applause]

♪

Sinatra: ♪ mm, Saturday night ♪

♪ is the loneliest night
of the week ♪

♪ I sing the song that I sang ♪

♪ for the memories
I usually seek ♪

♪

Narrator: With his seductive
singing style,

Based on the italian
bel canto tradition,

Sinatra rules the airwaves.

♪ Saturday night is the
loneliest night of the week ♪

♪

Narrator: In 1956
he gives newsman ed murrow

A tour of his new
beverly hills home.

Ed murrow: Tell me, frank,
what room are we in now?

Sinatra: Isn't this lovely?

Murrow: That's the kitchen.

Sinatra: And here's where I do
all my cooking

And make the spaghetti
and the sauce...

Murrow: Uh-huh.

Sinatra: ...And the meatballs
and all that great food.

Narrator: Sinatra knows
americans now have an appetite

For italian food,
as well as italian singing.

Sinatra: And I have
a surprise for you.

We have two pizzas here.
You see that?

-Murrow: Ah, wonderful.
-Sinatra: Isn't that beautiful?

I wish you could join me
in a bite.

Murrow: So do I.

Sinatra: Sometime
when you come out,

We'll come out, have dinner.

♪

Narrator: Salisbury beach,
massachusetts, the late 1950s.

These home movies capture
a new summertime tradition--

Lining up for a 10-cent slice
of cristy's sicilian pizza.

As the nation's tastes
become more adventurous,

Americans embrace foods
once considered foreign.

Before the war, pizza is seen
as poor man's food--

It's mainly found
in italian neighborhoods.

But when italian americans
sam and caroline cristaldi

Open cristy's in 1955,

Pizza is well on its way
to becoming an american staple.

Before long, every town
will boast a pizza parlor.

♪

From pizzas to tacos
to chinese food,

Immigrant imports will soon
challenge the hamburger

For a place on american tables.

♪

In the early '60s
a new wave of immigrants

Will face that same journey

As those who arrived
at the beginning of the century.

This is the de la cova family,
who come to america in 1961,

Two years after
the cuban revolution.

Their home movies show them
building a new life in america

With their five kids.

♪

They settle in louisville,
kentucky,

Where father rene films
all the family's milestones.

Here daughters lourdes
and ana maria

Celebrate their
first holy communion.

♪

Although they're new arrivals,

Their hopes and dreams
are the same as those

Of millions of other immigrants
who've gone before.

On a trip to miami beach,
the family are in good company.

In the 15 years
after the revolution,

More than half a million
of their fellow cubans

Also make america their home,

Bringing their distinct culture
to this corner of the country

And joining the ranks
of proud americans.

♪

By 1960 almost 23 million
immigrants have come to america

Since the turn of the century.

They've struggled
to find their feet, to fit in

And ultimately to flourish.

♪

[laughing]

♪

In the process, they've changed
the face of america.

♪